Unit9SafetyProceduresandRegulations

清華大學出版社Uponcompletionoftheunit,studentswillbeableto:?realisetheimportanceofsafetyproceduresandregulations;?masterthewordsandexpressionsrelatedtosafetyproceduresandregulations;?raisetheawarenessoffollowingsafetyproceduresandregulationsatworkandintransport.64

5Safetyregulationsandlegislation

Inthefieldoftransportandlogistics,likeinallareasofwork,safetyisafundamentalconsideration.Inallworkplacestodaythereareguidelinestofollowinordertoavoidaccidents,whichexplainwhatrisksexistatwork,theirpotentialdanger,andhowtoavoidthem.Employersareobligedtoinformtheirworkersoftheseindications.ThefollowingisauthenticinformationfromEuropeanlegislation:

Employers’Liability(CompulsoryInsurance)Act1969:thisactrequiresemployerstotakeoutinsuranceagainstaccidentsandillhealthtotheiremployees.6HealthandSafety(FirstAid)Regulations1981:theycoverrequirementsforfirstaid.HealthandSafetyInformationforEmployeesRegulations1989:theyrequireemployerstodisplayapostertellingemployeeswhattheyneedtoknowabouthealthandsafety.WorkplaceRegulations1992:theycoverawiderangeofbasichealthandsafetyissuessuchasventilation,heating,lighting,workstations,seatingandfacilities.

PersonalProtectiveEquipmentatWorkRegulations1992:theyrequireemployerstoprovideappropriateprotectiveclothingandequipmentfortheiremployees.7ReportingofInjuries,DiseasesandDangerousOccurrencesRegulations1995(RIDDOR):theyrequireemployerstonotifycertainoccupationalinjuries,diseasesanddangerousevents.

ProvisionandUseofWorkEquipmentRegulations1998:theyrequirethatequipmentprovidedforuseatwork,includingmachinery,issafe.

ManagementofHealthandSafetyatWorkRegulations1999:theyrequireemployerstocarryoutriskassessmentsandarrangeforappropriateinformationandtraining.

ControlofSubstancesHazardoustoHealthRegulations2002(COSHH):theyrequireemployerstoassesstherisksfromhazardoussubstancesandtakeappropriateprecautions..8

Yes,itis.

HealthandSafety(FirstAid)Regulations1981

WorkplaceRegulations1992Theemployer

Theyhavetonotifyoccupationalinjuries,diseasesanddangerousevents.

Theyintroducedtheobligationforemployerstocarryoutriskassessmentsandarrangeforappropriateinformationandtraining.9fundamentalemployeesrangeappropriatenotifyprovidedsafearrangehazardous10

111Theyconcernhandluggage.2No,onlyforflightsoriginatingwithintheEU.31l4Inatransparentandre-sealableplasticbag.5No,becausethemaximumquantityforeachitemis100ml.1213Airsafety

Manypeoplefeelveryfrightenedwhentheytravelbyplane,butyoumaynotknowthat,infact,airtravelisstatisticallythesafestformofmotorisedtransportknowntoman!Todayitisestimatedthatthereisonlyonefatalityforevery2,000millionperson-milesflownintheair.Accuratecommunicationbetweenthepilotandthegroundisobviouslyfundamentalforairsafety,andindeedmanyaccidentsarecausedwhenthisinformationisinaccurateorprovidedtoolate.Fouroutoffiveaccidentsoccurduringtake-offorlandingprocedures,that’swhyyoumustalwaysseatwithyourseatbeltfastenedduringtheseproceduresandyouarenotallowedtouseelectronicdevices.14Anothercauseofaccidentscouldbethepresenceoficeorsnowonthewings,whichincreasestheweightoftheplane,requiringahigherspeedtoavoidstalling.Enginefailurerarelycausesaccidentsinlargeaircraftbecausetheyoperatewithseveralengines,soanemergencylandingisusuallypossible.15Whenanairplanefliesthroughvolcanicash,itsenginescanlosepowercompletely.Today,meteorologicalinformationissoprecisethatairspaceissimplyclosedinthepresenceofvolcanicash,asinthecaseoftheeruptionsinIcelandin2010.

Aircraftsafetyisimprovingallthetime.Howeveritisimportanttoreadcarefullyandknowallthesafetyindicationsonthepassengersafetycard.16

17Roadsafety

Roadsafetyissomethingthatconcernseveryone,becausewealluseroadsinsomeway—noteveryonedrivestheirownmeansoftransport,butmostofususepublictransportandeverybodyhastocrosstheroadofcourse!

Ofalltheareasofhumanactivitywheresafetyisaconcern,thefieldofroadtransportisprobablythemostimportant.Roadaccidentsareoneofthemostcommoncausesofaccidentaldeathintheworld,withanestimated1millionpeopledyinginroad-relatedaccidentseveryyear,soitislogicalthatalotoftimeandmoneyarespentonconstantlyimprovingroadsafetyacrosstheplanet.18Greatdevelopmentsinthisfieldhavebeenachievedinrecenttimes,inparticularwithregardtothesafetyofvehiclesandroadsthemselves—justconsidertheairbag,ABSbraking,improvedroadlayouts,speedbumps,cat’seyes,bettersignposting,drainingasphaltandinveryrecenttimestheintroductionofsobrietydevices—whichdrivershavetobreatheintobeforetheycanstartavehicle.Todaythefocusisshiftingtothepedestrian,afterstatisticshaveshownthatthemajorityofvictimsofroadaccidentsarepeopleonfootoronbicycles.Theuseofcyclinglanes,underpassesforpedestriansandreducedspeedlimitsinurbanareasarejustafewexamplesofhowgreaterattentionisnowbeingpaidtoimprovingthesafetyofpeopleonfootornon-motorised

transport.19humanactivityroadaccidentsABSbrakingcyclists.20JAEHKGLDFCBI21ABSairbagsbrakelightscyclinghelmetsunderpassescyclinglanespedestriancrossingsroadsignsspeedcameraspeedbumpsguardrails22FleetmonitoringOnecontroversialschemeforimprovinganaspectofroadsafetyhasbeentheintroductionoftheso-called“fleetmonitoring”.Youmayhaveseenlorries,vansandothercommercialvehiclesdrivingonthestreetswithasignprintedonthemsimilartotheoneabove.Thissignisaninvitationforthegeneralpublictoinformtransportcompaniesofanyimproperbehaviourbytheirdrivers.Ifyouseeavehicledrivingtoofast,overtakingdangerouslyornotrespectingsignalsorlimits,thenyoucancallthenumberonthesigntoreporttheincident.23Thisinvitationtomakethenormalcitizenresponsiblehasproventobeveryusefultotransportcompanieswhohavetopaylargeinsurancepremiumsandfeeltheneedtomakesurethattheirdriversarebehavingcorrectlyandefficientlyatalltimes.Ofcourse,theschemehasbeencriticisedbymanypeople,astheyfeelthatitcanbeabused—somepeoplehavereporteddriverssimplybecausetheyhadanargumentwiththem,forexample;andothersfeelthatitalsoencouragesaformofspying.Whateveryouthinkthe“fleetmonitoring”schemeiscertainlypopularwithemployersinthefield,soitappearsdestinedtogrow.24Key251The‘fleetmonitoring’schemeforeseesasignprintedonvehicleswithaphonenumberthatthegeneralpubliccancalltoinformtransportcompaniesofanyimproperbehaviourbytheirdrivers.2Tomakethenormalcitizenresponsible.3Whentheyseeavehicledrivingtoofast,overtakingdangerouslyornotrespectingsignalsorlimits.4Becausethisschemecanbeabusedandisconsideredasaformofspying.5Personalanswers.261E2B3A4D5C3254127286TheEuropeanMaritimeSafetyAgency(EMSA),basedinLisbon,providessupporttothe

EuropeanCommissioninthedevelopmentofEUlegislationonmaritimesafety,pollutionbyshipsandmaritimesecurity.

EMSAwassetupin2003aftertwomajoraccidentsatsea:theErika(1999)andthePrestige

(2002)accidentsandtheirresultingoilspills.Theseincidentsresultedinhugeenvironmental

andeconomicdamagetothecoastlinesofSpainandFrance.EMSA’smainobjectiveistoreducetheriskofmaritimeaccidents,marinepollutionfromshipsandthelossofhumanlifeatsea.2961InLisbon.2In2003.3SpainandFrance