?H83BCETutorial(DrM.R.? ?formodellingandisanextensionto thatallowsengineerstorapidlyandaccuraybuildcomputermodelsofdynamicsystems,usingblockdiagramnotation.Amodelcanproducegraphicalanimationsthatshowtheprogressofasimulationvisually,significantlyenhancingunderstandingofthesystem’sbehaviour.The“program”isablockdiagramitself. ?,andclick ?Asyousee,thereis?LibraryBrowser,whereyoucanfindmostoftheitemsyouneedsuchasgains,summationblocksandintegrals.BlockLibraryListofsub-StaticGain(theoutputofthegainblockismultipliedbya Product(multiplyordivide Product,Sum(addorsubtract ,Scope(disysitsinputwithrespecttosimulation To Constant(outputtheconstantspecifiedwiththe‘constantvalue’Step(outputa Linear(outputa SineWave(outputasine SineDynamic1sIntegrator(1/s)-Continuoustimeintegrationoftheinput Derivative(du/dt)-Numericalderivative: DerivaUser-DefinedFunction(f(u))-Generalexpressionblock.Use‘u’astheinputvariableSignalsMultiplexscalarorvector

Ports&Sub-

11ProvideanInputoranOutputportforasub-systemora OutBlockContinuouslinearGainblockrepresentsthefollowingalgebraicequation(y=k*x)ortheoutputofthesystemistheinputmultipliedbyaconstant(k):(i)y= Sumblock–permitstoaddtwoormore()d=a+b+a c(i)c=a–

bDerivativeblockcomputesthetimerateofchangeofitsinput.Theblockrepresentsthefollowingdifferentialequation: Integratorblockcomputesthetimeintegralofitsinputfromthestartingtime.Weuse(.)notationtorepresentthetimederivative,e.g..(iv’)x= x1s ConnectingYoucancommandtoconnectblocksSelectthesourceHolddownCtrlandleft-clickthedestinationblock.connectsthesourceblocktothedestinationblock.lyConnectingallowsyoutodrawlineslybetweenblocksorbetweenlinesandblocks.Positionthecursoroverthefirstblock'soutputPressandholddownthemousebutton.Dragthepointertothesecondblock'sinputReleasethemousebutton.recestheportsymbolsbyaconnectinglinewithanarrowshowingthedirectionofthesignalflow.Youcancreaineseitherfromoutputtoinput,orfrominputtooutput.DrawingaBranchAbranchlineisalhatstartsfromanexistinglineandcarriesitssignaltotheinputportofablock.Boththeexistinglineandthebranchlinerepresentthesamesignal.Usingbranchlinesenablesyoutoconneignaltomorethanoneblock.ToaddabranchPositionthepointeronthelinewhereyouwantthebranch oWhileholdingdowntheCtrlkey,pressandholddowntheleftmouseDragthepointertotheinputportofthetargetblock,thenreleasethemousebuttonandtheCtrlkey.YoucsousetherightmousebuttoninsteadofholdingdowntheleftmousebuttonandtheCtrlkey. ampleconnectstheoutputoftheProductblocktoboththeScopeblockandtheToWorkspaceblock.ModelBuildingElementsofamodel modelconsistsofthreetypesofelements:sources,thesystembeingmodelledandsinks.Thecentralelement,thesystem,istherepresentationofablockdiagramofthedynamicalsystembeingmodeled.Thesourcesaretheinputstothedynamicalsystem.Sources ludeconstants,functiongeneratorssuchassinewavesandstepfunctions,andcustomsignalsyoucreatein .SourceblocksarefoundintheSourcesblocklibrary.Theoutputofthesystemisreceivedbysinks.Examplesofsinksaregraphs,oscilloscopes,andoutputfiles.SinkblocksarefoundintheSinksblocklibrary.\\Let’ssolvethefollowingdifferentialequation.x=Startinenvironmentbyclicking“File,New,Model”,andyoushouldhaveablocktreeontheleftandablankwhiteareaontheright.ClicktheSourcesoptionunderthe ?treeanddraganddropthesinewavefunction.NowintroduceanintegratorandascopefromtheCommonlyUsedBlocks.Connectthesinewaveblockwiththeintegratorblockandwiththescopeasshownbelow.1sSine

ClicktheSimulation:Startbutton,thesimulationwillexecute,thenDouble-clickonScopeandthenAutoscaletoviewtheresultsshownbelow.Start:Openm.file(initialvals.m),whichcontainsinitialvaluesofInitialise:Openmdl.file,whichcontainsblockSimulation:ViewClickonScopewindowAdjustscale(Autoscale)WritePlotinthecommandwindowasfollowsforthebatchfermentationexample:使用。用于建模和仿真是的擴展，允許工程師使用框圖表示法快運行。加載，然后單擊。圖標如您所見，有一個。庫瀏覽器，您可以在其中找到您需要的大部分項目，例如增益、求常數（輸出‘constantvalue’參數指定的常數）SineWave（輸出正弦波）連續積分器（1/s）（du/dt）Function(f(u“u”系統增益模塊表示以下代數方程(y=k*x)或者系統的輸出是輸入乘以常數(k)：我y=k*xx(t)Sum塊–允許添加兩個或多個輸入d=a+b+ci)c=a–b微分塊計算其輸入的時間變化率。該塊代表以下微分方程iv’)xdx/dt連接模塊您可以命令自動連接模塊按住Ctrl并左鍵單擊目標塊。將源模塊連接到目標模塊。