summary?WritingHowtowritea

WelcomeWhatisasummary?

Asummaryisabriefaccountofthemainpointsofanarticleinyourownwords.

Question:

Whatshouldbepaidattentiontoto

writeagoodsummaryofanarticle?Canwecopythesentencesintheoriginalpassage?2.Canwewriteitinthefirstperson?3.Canweexpressouropinioninthesummary?

DiscussionSummary

1.Focusonmainideasandomit(省去)examples,

details.(注重大意，省去詳細的例子、細節)2.Whenyouusethewordsandphrasesinthe

originalpassage,donotincludeyourownopinion,butbesuretouseyourown

wordsinsteadofcopyingthem..(引用原文的詞句,不能添加自己的見解，但是要用自己的語言概括）

3.Writeitinthe

thirdperson.（第三人稱）

4.Controlthenumberofwordsabout30(25-40).廣東高考概括部分評分細則：1．完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改的，得0分；2．機械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱的，得1分；3．稍微靈活地抄原文，改主語，賓語、原文詞序的，得2分；4．創造性地抄--改主語、賓語、原文詞序還有句子結構的，最多得3分。5．用自己的詞/近義詞、句子結構，句式變化比較好的得4至5分。具體方法定時態Thepassagetellsusthat…定人稱：一般用第三人稱（書信則用第一、第二人稱）定技巧：重組句段落概括文章概括重組句1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings同義替換法*Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefact

thatIwasnotpatient.**Ididn’tcatchanyfish_________Iwasnotpatient/impatient.2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正話反說法Youwillfail.=Youwill____________.becausenotsucceed3)Changethepartofspeech詞性轉換法*Patienceisveryimportant.→Patienceis__________________.**Thewritermadeavividdescriptionofthebeautyunderthesea.→Thewriter___________thebeautyunderthesea.ofgreatimportancevividlydescribed4)Changethestructureofasentence句式變化法*語態變換：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.→Childrenshould________morepraise.**簡單句變復合句： Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_______willhelpthemlearnfaster..begivenwhich5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions連詞銜接法注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如but,and,so,while,however,then,yet,for,therefore,thus,including,insteadof

等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren__________scoldingthem.insteadof記敘文◆寫作方法—串聯要素法寫作方法—串聯要素法記敘文的概要,一般包括記敘文的六個要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),也就是考生應先通讀閱讀短文，找出這六個要素,然后用自己的話將這六個要素串成一兩句話即可。

當然,不一定每篇記敘文都包含這六個要素,但“某人做了某事,結果如何”是應當包括的。因此,要寫好概要,須找到以下兩個問題的答案：(1)誰做了什么？(whodidwhat)(2)結果如何？(whatwastheresult)

如果是夾敘夾議的文章,還要加上這個故事給人們的啟示或教育。narrationthesixelementsofanarrativepassage

whowhenwhere

What

(event)How(process)whyHi,IamMike.Ijustwentthroughmyfirstyearofcollege.Thetoughestpartonmeatfirstwasthegeneraladjustment.Iwenttoaverysmallhighschoolwheremymomwasateacherandshedidpracticallyeverythingforme.ButatthecollegeIneedtoknowsomebasiclifeskills,suchasbalancingacheck-book,laundry,andthethingsyouhavetobeabletohandlethatIneverthoughtofinthehighschool!ItwasreallytoughformeatfirstandIgotbadlyhomesick.OncethatfirstsemesterwasoverandIgotusedtothecollegelife,Iloveit—goodfacilities,helpfulinstructors,andagoodlibrary.Thestudent’sUnionorganizesvariouspartieseveryweek.Ialsogotocinemasandconcerts,andoftenspendSaturdaynightsinpubsandclubs.OnethingIthinkisimportantistogetyourselfactiveinthings.Iwasondanceteamincollegeandmetatonofpeoplethatway—itwassomucheasiertomakefriendswhenyouhadacommonground.thesixelementsofanarrativepassage

who

When/where/What

How(process)Atfirst:

Then:

Atlast:

why

MikeHisfirstyearofcollegetoughest…adjustmentgotusedtoitlovethecollegelifeGethimselfactiveinthings________________hisfirstyearofcollegelife.

Atfirsthe_______________________,butaftergettingactiveinthingsforonesemester,he____________and______________.didn’tadjusthimselfwelladaptedtoitenjoyedhimselfTryit!記敘文的摘要開頭語:Thewriter/author….Thestorymainlytellsusthat………….議論文◆寫作方法

議論文通常包括論點、論據和結論,因此寫議論文的概要主要是找出主題句(thetopicsentences)、支撐句(supportingsentences)和結論句(conclusionsentences)。其中最主要的是找準主題句。概要模板：論點+論據(+結論)Whenwemeetwithdifficultiesinlife,wenoticethatsomeofuschoosetoburyheadsinthesand.Unfortunately,however,thisattitudewilldoyounogood,becauseifyouhavenocouragetofacethem,howcanyouconquerthem?Thus,beoptimistic;asitcangiveyouconfidenceandhelpyouseeyourselfthroughthehardtimes.Keepingoptimistic,youwillbeabletorealize,inspiteofsomehardship,there’salwayshopewaitingforyou,whichwillleadyoutotheultimatesuccess.ThomasEdisonisoptimistic;ifnot,thelightofhopeinhisheartcouldnotgivelighttothewholeworld.AlfredNobelisoptimistic;ifnot,theexplosivesandtheNobelPrizewouldnothavecomeintobeing.Arosemaybebeautiful,ormaybenot.Thatdependsonyourattitudeonly.Sodoessuccess,andsodoeslife.Difficultiesdoexist,butifyouareoptimistic,thentheyareonlyepisodes(插曲)onyourlongwaytosuccess;therearemorebridgesthanobstacles!ThegreatBritishpoetShelley’slinessay,“Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?Byshowingtwoexamplesofsuccessfulscientists,theauthorsuggeststhatwhenmeetingdifficulties,weshouldbeoptimisticbecauseonlyinthiswaycanweovercomethemandsucceedintheend.說明文◆寫作方法

我們根據說明文的不同類型,分別給出三種參考模板：1.描寫某事物的性質功用。即“對象+性質功用+利好”：

(Inthepassage)thewriterintroduces...(對象)tous,especiallyits...(性質或功用),fromwhichweknow...(對象帶來的利好).2.針對某個問題提出解決方法或措施。即“問題+解決方法”：

Thepassagetellsus...(問題),andthesolutionsincluding...(方法1),...(方法2)and...(方法3).

Eyecareisanimportantfactorinallofourlives.Withouteyes,weseemtobeabletodonothing.But,whatcanwedototakecareofeyes?Firstly,weshouldeathealthyfoods.Secondly,don’tsitbeforeacomputerscreenorTVfortoolongtimeandtakeregularrestatintervalssoastorelaxtheeyemuscles.Thirdly,havingenoughsleepisthebestrestforeyes.Besidesthosenotices,youshouldbeawareofsomethreatstoeyesindailylives.Excessiveexposuretobrightsunlightisharmfultoeyes,therefore,whengoingout,especiallyinsummertime,putonapairofqualifiedsunglasses.Stayawayfromsmoking.Someingredients

incigarettesarecarcinogenesis(致癌的).Lastbutnotleast,takeregularmedicalexaminestocheckoutthepotentialeyediseaseandpreventitsdeterioration(退化).Eyesarethemostimportantsenseorgansandoneshouldusepropereyecareproductstoavoidfurtherirritations(刺激)andensurelongevity[解題過程]

本文在指出眼睛重要后,緊接著提出問題“為保護眼睛,我們可以做些什么呢”,然后分點說明應該做些什么。因此,我們可以套用“問題+解決方法”模式：

Oureyesareimportantforus,sotheauthortellsushowtotakecareofoureyes,

includingeatinghealthyfood,givingthemenoughtimetorest,knowingsomethreats,andtakingfrequ