Part (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheCivilServantTestCraze.Youressayshouldstartwithabriefdescriptionofthepicture.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡ ListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA) C)andD) anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1、A.ThemanmightbeabletoyintheWorldB.Theman'sfootballcareerseemstobeatanC.ThemanwasoperatedonafewweeksD.Themanisafanofworld-famousfootball2、A.WorkoutantotightenhisB.FindouttheopeninghoursoftheC.ApplyforaseniorpositionintheD.Solvehisproblembyngapart-time3A.AfinancialB.AgoodC.ArealD.Awell-trained4A.TheerrorswillbecorrectedB.ThewomanwasmistakenC.ThecomputingsystemistooD.Hehascalledthewomanseveral5A.HeneedshelptoretrievehisB.HehastotypehispaperonceC.HeneedssometimetopolishhisD.Hewillbeawayforatwo-week6、A.TheymighthavetochangetheirB.HehasgoteverythingsetfortheirC.HehasaheavierworkloadthantheD.TheycouldstayinthemountainsuntilJune7A.TheyhavetowaitamonthtoapplyforastudentB.TheycanfindtheapplicationformsintheC.TheyarenoteligibleforastudentD.Theyarenotlateforaloan8A.NewlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantB.PollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromtheC.ThequalityofairwillsurelychangefortheD.It'lltakeyearstobringairpollutionunderQuestions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust9A.EnormoussizeofitsB.NumerousvarietiesofC.ItsappealingD.Itsrichandcolorful10、A.Anancient B.AworldofC.AnEgyptian D.AnEgyptian11、A.Itspowerbillreaches9millionaB.ItsellsthousandsoflightbulbsaC.ItspowertoanearbyD.Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityit 13、A.TransferringtoanotherB.StudyingaccountingataC.ThinkingaboutngadifferentD.Makingpreparationsforher14、A.ShehasfinallygotapromotionandapayB.ShehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanotherC.ShecouldatlastleavetheaccountingD.Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthe.15、A.HeandAndreahaveprovedtobeaperfectB.HechangedhismindaboutmarriageC.HedeclaredthathewouldremainsingleallhisD.HewouldmarryAndreaevenwithoutmeetingSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust16、A.TheyaremotorcyclesdesignatedforwaterB.TheyarespeedyboatsrestrictedinnarrowC.They inganefficientformofwaterD.Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansofwater17、A.Waterscooteroperators'lackofexperience.B.Vacationers'disregardofwatersafetyroles.C.Overloadingofsmallboatsandothercraft.D.Carelessnessofpeopleboatingalongthe18、A.TheyscarewhalestoB.TheyproducetoomuchC.Theydischargetoxic19、.Expandoperatingareas.B.Restrictoperatinghours.C.Limittheuseofwaterscooters.D.Ennecessaryregulations.PassageQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust20、A.Theyare B.TheyareC.Theyare D.Theyare21、A.TheyarefullyoccupiedwiththeirownB.NotmanyofthemstayinthesameceforC.NotmanyofthemcanwintrustfromtheirD.Theyattachlessimportancetointeral22、A.CountoneachotherforB.GiveeachotheracoldC.KeepafriendlyD.BuildafencebetweenPassageQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust23、A.ItmayproduceanincreasingnumberofidleB.ItmayaffectthequalityofhighereducationinC.ItmaycausemanyschoolstogooutofD.Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducated24、A.ItislessseriousincitiesthaninruralB.ItaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighC.ItresultsfromaworseningeconomicD.ItisanewchallengefacingAmericaneducators.25、A.AllowingthemtochoosetheirfavoriteB.Creatingamorerelaxedlearningenvironment.C.Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.D.HelthemtodevelopbetterstudySectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgenerala.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Itiscommonlythoughtthatagebringswisdom.Andthisislargelytrue,itseems--unlessyouareJapanese.Inwhichcase,bythetimeyou25,you26bejustaswiseasyourelders,an27newstudyAmericans,however,aremore anddevelopdeepunderstanding Inoneofthetests,designedtomeasurefive30aspectsofreasoning,U.S.citizens'scoresimprovedby22percentover50years.But,inthe31scoredoutof100,both25-year-oldand75-year-oldJapaneseparticipantshadanaveragequotientof51forintergroupwisdom-theideaofunderstandingsociety.WithAmericans,ontheotherhand,resultsfromthesametests32betweenaveragesof45and55betweenthetwoagegroups.Also,33wisdom--theunderstandingofrelationshipsbetweenindividuals--thescoresofthe225U.S.participantsclimbedfrom46to50.However,34the186Japanesepeople,theirscoresactuallydroppedslightlyfrom53to52.Thetestsalsorecordedotherunexpectedresults.GiventheU.S.reputationofanindividualisticsociety,youmightexpectitsparticipants'interalwisdomtobehigherthantheirsupposedlymorecollectiveJapanese35.Yetthestudyshowedthatby75,theJapanesescoredhigherintheinteralwisdomandAmericans,infact,achievedhigherresultsintheintergroupvariety.DrGrossmansuggestedthatperhaps,then,youneedindividualskillswhensocietyiscollective,andsocialoneswhenitisindividualistic.PartⅢ ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoice.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36-46arebasedonthefollowingThesecrettohappinessiskeebusy,researchhasfound.Keethemind36withtasks-nomatterhowmeaningless-stavesoff(趕走)negativeemotions,thestudyfound.Howeverthebadnewsisthathumansseemhard-wired天生的tobelazyinordertosaveenergyaccordingtoProfessorChristopherHseeabehavioralscientistatChicagoUniversity.Inastudy98studentswereaskedtocompletetwosurveys.Aftertheyhadcompletedthefirsttheyweremadetowait15minutestoreceivethenextone.Theyweregivenachoiceofeitherhandinginthefirst37nearbyoratamoredistantlocationtheyhadtowalkto.Whicheveroptiontheychose,theyreceivedachocolatebar.Two-thirds(68percent)chosehelazy38.ThosewhohadtakenthewalkreportedfeelinghappierthanthosewhostayedProfHsee40keebusyhelpedkeeppeoplehappy.Hesaidthefindings,reportedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,had41"ernmentsmayincreasethehappinessofidlecitizensbyhavingthembuildbridgesthatare42useless,"heproposed.AttheindividualIevel,headvised,"Getupanddosomething.Anything.Eveniftherereallyisnopointtowhatyouareng,youwillfeelbetterforit."He43,"ally,thinkingdeeplyorengaginginself-reflection44askeebusy,too.Youdonotneedtoberunningaround--youjustneedtobe45,eitherphysicallyormentally."SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerShIntotheTheworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.CanitUntiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsbackin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled"AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis",itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.Sincethenthedebatehaselessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivequestion.ernmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoon eunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(財政的)severelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsattheandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelabour,increasingemployers'choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabourashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingwesternEuropeforabout90%.Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelocountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelhandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslaboursinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope'smostouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,"old"countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate使年輕)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modemurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowly adifferentce.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeoverAcademicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartngso.Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMarmheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtosortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica'sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,otherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfyinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld'sdefenceeffortBecauseAmerica'spopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonlydevelopedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically(地緣政治上).Askmein2020Thereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.Butsomeoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedtheneedtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemographyofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:"Wedon'treallyknowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet."Employersshouldrealiseitisimportanttokeepolderworkersinthe47ArecentstudyfoundthatmostoldpeopleinsomeEuropeancountrieshadregularweeklycontactwiththeiradultchildren.48、Fewernmentsinrichcountrieshavelaunchedboldreformstotackletheproblemofpopulationageing.49Inareportpublishedsome20yearsagothesustainabilityofoldagepensionsystemsinmostcountrieswascalledintodoubt,50Countriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtosendthemtowar.51One-childfamiliesaremorecommoninageingsocietiesduetothestressofurbanlifeandthedifficultiesofbalancingfamilyandcareer.52、Aseriesofbooks,mostlyauthoredbyAmericans,warnedofsbetweentheolderandyoungergenerations.andtakefewerrisks.55、ImmigrationasameanstoboosttheshrinkinglabourmaymeetwithinsomerichSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions56-60arebasedonthefollowingyou'renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompley.Withthedollarslumtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensiveLondonhas equiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn'tngaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation屈辱foranation'sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It'salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestratesAndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy--fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomorn-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami--forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlytheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak.ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico--asacheapcetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan'taffordtojointheThemoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,which,thanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentMay2006andMay2007.Forthefirstfivemonthsof2007,thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you'reawinnerintheweak-dollsrgamble.LastweekCoca-Cola'sstockbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke'sbeverage飲料businessOtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald'sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn'texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup--slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon'tturnonadime.SoifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.56、WhydoAmericansfeelTheireconomyisTheircurrencyhasTheycan'taffordtripstoTheyhavelosthalfoftheir57HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryTheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewTheyfinditunaffordabletodineinmorn-and-popTheyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedTheymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomic58HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.SwiththedevaluedTheyfeelcontemptuousofTheyaresympatheticwithTheyregarditasasuperpowerontheTheythinkofitasagoodtourist59Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoTheytreatthedollarwithalittleTheytrytowinintheweak-dollarTheyvacationathomeratherthanTheytreasuretheirmarriagesallthe60Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"currenciesdon'tturnonadime"(Line2,Pare.7)?Thedollar'svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoaThedollar'svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallFewAmericanswillchangedollarsintootherPassageQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingInthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We'repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresunessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.Feetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappeningWeseeourkids'collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe'veraisedthem.Sowe'vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn'tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon'tbeenoughprizestogoaroundFearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria(歇斯底里)isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisusible-andmostlywrong.Wehaven'tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon'tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures---professors'feedbackandthenumberofessayexams---selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,"selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates'lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool'saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke偶然).Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyinligence,talentandambition.Butit'snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn'tlife'sonly