SectionⅡUsinglanguage1.annoyedadj.惱怒的，煩惱的，生氣的(教材原句)PreventedfromplayingherroleinRiley'semotionaldevelopment,Sadnessfeelsannoyed.“悲傷”由于無法在萊莉的情感發(fā)展中起作用，她感到煩惱。?Iwasannoyedwithhimbecausehekeptinterrupting.我對他煩透了，因為他不停地打斷我的話。?Ibetshewasannoyedathavingtowriteitoutagain.我敢說她對不得不把它重寫一遍感到惱火。?I'mabitannoyedthathedidn'tphoneme.Hepromisedmehewould！他沒給我打電話，我有點生氣。他答應(yīng)我會打的！[歸納探究]be/getannoyedwithsb.生某人的氣be/getannoyedat/aboutsth.因某事生氣be/getannoyedthat...因……生氣annoysb.withsth./bysth.因(做)某事使某人煩惱[單詞積累]annoyingadj.令人氣惱的annoyvt.使惱怒，使生氣annoyancen．煩惱，惱怒；令人煩惱的事物Itwasreallyannoying;Icouldn'tgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.這真的很煩人，我無法訪問你推薦的數(shù)據(jù)庫。[即學(xué)即練]用annoy的正確形式填空①Hegotvery________withmeaboutmycarelessness.②How________！Ileftmywalletathome!③Shewas________withDuncanforforgettingtophone.2.adjustv．適應(yīng)，(使)習(xí)慣；調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)(教材原句)WhenRileymovestoanewcity,shehasahardtimeadjustingtohernewsurroundings.當(dāng)萊莉搬到一個新的城市，她很難適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。?ItwastheculturethatmadeithardforhimtoadjusttothenewsurroundingsinAmerica.正是這些文化使他很難適應(yīng)美國的新環(huán)境。?Wemustadjustourselvestothenewlifeassoonaspossible.我們必須盡快適應(yīng)新生活。?Whenachildisstudyingabroad,hemustlearntoadjusttolivingonhisown.當(dāng)孩子出國留學(xué)時，他必須學(xué)會適應(yīng)獨立生活。?Shemadeafewminoradjustmentstothemachine.她對這臺機(jī)器作了一些小小的調(diào)整。?Theheightofthechairisadjustable.椅子的高度是可調(diào)節(jié)的。[歸納探究]adjustto(doing)sth.適應(yīng)(做)某事adjustoneselfto(doing)sth.使自己適應(yīng)(做)某事adjuststh.tosth.調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……makeanadjustmentto...對……作出調(diào)整[單詞積累]adjustmentn．適應(yīng)，調(diào)整adjustableadj.可調(diào)整的，可調(diào)節(jié)的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Thecompanymadean________(adjust)totheworkers'salary.②Rachelhopedthathersisterwouldsoonadjust________(she)totheuniversitylife.③Therewasnolightintheroomandittookmeafewsecondstoadjust________thedarkness.④Kidsneedhelptoadjustto________(have)anewbabyinthehouse.3.forgivev．原諒，寬恕(教材原句)Trytoforgivesomeonewhentheyapologise.當(dāng)別人道歉時，盡量原諒他們。?Pleaseforgivemeformybeingunabletokeepyoucompanytothebookstore.請原諒我不能陪伴你去書店。?Inaddition,it'sbestforyoutoforgiveandforget.此外，你最好還是不計前嫌。?Headmittedhehaddoneherwrongandaskedforforgiveness.他承認(rèn)冤枉了她，并請求原諒。[歸納探究]forgiveme請原諒，對不起forgivesb.sth.原諒某人某事(后接雙賓語)forgivesb.for(doing)sth.原諒某人(做)某事forgiveandforget不念舊惡，不記仇[單詞積累]forgivenessn．原諒，寬恕askfor(sb.'s)forgiveness請求某人的原諒[圖形助記][即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Idon'tthinkI'lleverforgiveDavid________thewayhetreatsme.②________(forgive)bythewholeclassforwhathedid,Tonyfinallycheeredup.③Later,inthehospital,Hendersonsawhisfriend.Heapologisedandaskedfor________(forgive).4.embarrassmentn．尷尬，難為情(教材原句)Thiscancauseembarrassment.這會導(dǎo)致尷尬。?Incommunication,misunderstandingofgesturesorfacialexpressionstendstocauseembarrassment.在交流中，對手勢或面部表情的含義的誤解往往會引起尷尬。?Muchtoherembarrassment,sherealisedthateverybodyhadbeenlisteningtohersinging.她意識到大家一直在聽她唱歌，感到很不好意思。?Itembarrassedhertomeetstrangemeninthecorridoratnight.夜里在走廊上遇見陌生男人使她感到很不好意思。?Hewasembarrassedtoadmitmakingamistake.他尷尬地承認(rèn)犯了個錯。?Sometimeshewasmadeinanembarrassingsituationbecausehewasalwaystoooutspokeninhiswork.由于他在工作中總是太坦率，有時他處于一個尷尬的境地。[歸納探究](1)toone'sembarrassment使某人尷尬的是(2)be/feelembarrassedabout/at因……而感到尷尬/窘迫beembarrassedtodosth.因做某事而感到尷尬/窘迫anembarrassedsilence尷尬的沉默(3)anembarrassingquestion/situation令人難堪的問題/處境anembarrassingincident尷尬的事件[一言助記]Maryfoundherselfinanembarrassingposition,andthereforeshefeltratherembarrassed.瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一種很窘迫的境地，因此，她感覺相當(dāng)尷尬。[單詞積累]embarrassv．使尷尬，使窘迫embarrassedadj.尷尬的，窘迫的embarrassingadj.令人尷尬的[即學(xué)即練]用embarrass的正確形式填空①Kengavemean________(embarrass)smilewhenIaskedwherehe'dbeen.②Whenyou'reinan________(embarrass)situation,aslongasyouarenotembarrassed,itistheotherpersonwhoisembarrassed.③Herfaceturnedredwith________(embarrass)whenIaskedwhenshewouldmarry.④Themore________(embarrass)thesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.⑤Hewas________(embarrass)toadmitgivingusfalseinformation.5.ensurev．保證，確保(教材原句)Worriedabouther,JoyandSadnesstrytoworktogethertoensureshegetshercorememoriesback.出于對她的擔(dān)心，“快樂”和“悲傷”盡力合作，以確保她找回自己的核心記憶。Toensurethatyourresumeworksforyou,Irecommendwritingitmorelikeaproposalthanajobdescription.為了確保你的簡歷起到作用，我建議你寫得更像一個議案，而不是職位描述。[聯(lián)想拓展]en可以作前綴，表“使……”，把原來的名詞或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞。enrich使豐富 enlarge擴(kuò)大encourage鼓舞 enable使能夠ensure確保 endanger危及；危害[即學(xué)即練]句型轉(zhuǎn)換/完成句子①Theteacherssparednoefforttoensureanequalchancetoallstudents.→Theteacherssparednoeffortto____________allstudentshadanequalchance.→Theteacherssparednoeffortto____________allstudentshadanequalchance.②____________________(為了確保食品安全)，thegovernmenthaspromisedtoreducetheamountofchemicalsusedinfoodproduction.6.byaccident偶然，意外地?ItwasbyaccidentthatIfoundthenovelwrittenbyYangJiang.我是無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了楊絳寫的這本小說。?Doyouthinkthebuildingwasburntdownbyaccidentorbydesign？你認(rèn)為這棟建筑是被意外燒毀的還是故意燒毀的？[歸納探究]bychance偶然，意外地bydesign有意地，故意地bymistake錯誤地bynoaccident絕非偶然bynature天生地bytheway順便說，順便問一下bynomeans絕不，一點兒都不byallmeans當(dāng)然可以；無論如何bymeansof借助……手段，依靠……方法[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①ImetoneofmyclassmatesinSeniorHigh________accidentinthetrainyesterday.②I'vetakensomeoneelse'sbag________mistake.③Idon'tknowwhethertheydiditbyaccidentor________design.熟記下列重要短語①tellthetruth說實話②takethelead帶頭③haveahardtimedoingsth.做某事有困難④lookdownon看不起⑤beseparatedfrom與……分開⑥playarole起作用⑦settledown安頓下來⑧l(xiāng)ookonthebrightside看到光明的一面過去分詞(短語)作狀語一、語法現(xiàn)象感知①Seenfromthepagoda,thesouthfootofthePurpleMountainisaseaoftrees.②Abitfrightened,hestoodstill.③Hehurriedtothehall,followedbytwoguards.④Givenanotherchance,I'lldoitmuchbetter.⑤Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.⑥Themanwilldieunlessoperatedatonce.⑦Ifunited,westand;ifdivided,wefall.二、語法規(guī)則理解1．由第①句可知，Seenfromthepagoda為過去分詞短語在句中作____________狀語。2．由第②句可知，過去分詞短語在句中作____________狀語。3．由第③句可知，過去分詞短語followedbytwoguards在句中作____________狀語。4．由第④句可知，givenanotherchance在句中作____________狀語。5．由第⑤句可知，過去分詞wounded在句中作____________狀語。6．由第⑥⑦句可知，分詞短語作狀語時，有時可在其前加上一定的____________，使?fàn)钫Z表示的意義更加明確。微點撥過去分詞作狀語時表示的動作是主語動作的一部分，與謂語表示的動作或狀態(tài)幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前，過去分詞和主語或所修飾的詞之間往往是被動關(guān)系，但有時無被動意義，只是表示一種狀態(tài)或動作的完成，分詞在句中可作時間、原因、方式、條件、結(jié)果、目的、讓步等狀語。過去分詞(短語)作狀語一、過去分詞作狀語時，可表示時間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步等。過去分詞作狀語多放在句首，也可放在后面或插在中間。?Borninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.由于出生于貧寒家庭，納迪亞只上過兩年學(xué)。(表原因)?Whenaskedaboutherfutureplans,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeateacher.當(dāng)問到未來的計劃時，這個女孩說她想成為一名教師。(表時間)?Somemedicines,ifwronglytaken,cankillaperson.有些藥如果誤服的話可以使人喪命。(表條件)?Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.盡管受到了父母的鼓勵，他仍然沒有信心克服困難。(表讓步)?Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse.那個病人在護(hù)士的攙扶下下了床。(表方式)?Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,woundedinthehead.那個女孩過馬路時出了事故，頭部受了傷。(表結(jié)果)微點撥過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，有時前面可用一個連詞，表示強調(diào)或出于表達(dá)需要，常用的連詞有：when，while，if，unless，though，evenif等。Ifwellread，thebookwillgiveyoumuchtothink.,如果細(xì)心讀的話，這本書會給你許多值得思考的東西。Whendefeated，theywithdrewintothevalley.,被打敗后，他們撤退到一座山谷里。二、過去分詞作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、讓步時可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語從句；表示方式、結(jié)果和伴隨時可轉(zhuǎn)換為并列分句。?Givenalotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.→Afterhewasgivenalotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.給他許多錢后，他的日子過得好多了。?Thefilmstarsteppedoutofthetrain,surroundedbyherfans.→Thefilmstarsteppedoutofthetrainandshewassurroundedbyherfans.那位電影明星走下火車，被她的粉絲團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住。三、過去分詞作狀語需注意的幾個問題：1．過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。2．過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致?Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再給我一個小時，我也能解出這道題。?Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.從山頂上看，這座城市顯得更漂亮。3．過去分詞作狀語時，有時可改為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式，二者都可表示一個被動、完成的動作Discussed(Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theplanwascarriedoutatlast.在討論了許多次之后，這個計劃最終被執(zhí)行了。微點撥（1）有些過去分詞（短語）轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞（短語），在句中作狀語或說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。如lostin，absorbedin，concernedabout，seatedin等。Absorbedindeepthought，hedidn'thearthesound.,因為沉溺于思考之中，所以他沒聽到那個聲音。(2)過去分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致，但有些過去分詞已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞或連詞，不再受此規(guī)則的限制。Shemaycomewithusprovided(that)shearrivesintime.如果她及時到達(dá)，她可能會和我們一起來。四、過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即表示被動；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動。巧學(xué)助記：分詞作狀語記憶口訣分詞作狀語，主語是問題。前后兩動作，共用一主語。主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。主動用-ing，被動用-ed。?Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.(動賓關(guān)系)由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去陳舊。?Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.(主謂關(guān)系)在使用這本書時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它很有用。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．We________(批評)youbecausewewantedtohelpyou,notinordertofindfaultwithyou.2．Althoughitwasan________(意外事件),weensuredthatsimilarincidentsdidnothappenagain.3．Theplayercouldn't________(適應(yīng))tothetrainingbecauseofitscomplexity,sohegaveup.4．TheheadteachercriticizedRichard,whichmadehimvery________(煩惱).5．Tomyembarrassment,myparentshavenever________(原諒)meformyfault.6．Ifeelitmy________(責(zé)任)topullmyweightandhelpthemout.7．Davidwasgoodat________(拳擊)andwaschosenasaboxerbyaccident.8．Herecognizedhisfaultand________(確保)thathewouldnevermakethesamemistakeagain.9．________(尷尬)isthefeelingthatyouhavewhenyouareembarrassed.10．Therearetwostrategiestoresolvethat,buttheywillincreasethe________(復(fù)雜性)ofthetest.Ⅱ.短語填空lookdownon/upon,bepreventedfrom,beannoyedwith,adjustto,byaccident,settledown,getalongwith,forgive...for...,criticize...for...,toone'sembarrassment1．Youhaveto____________thenewenvironmentandgetalongwellwithyourteammates.2．____________，shecouldn'tremembertheanswerandwascriticizedbyherteacher.3．JackwasannoyedwithAlicebecauseshe____________him.4．Assoonasthey____________，thetravellerssentoutasignaltellingtheirparentsnottobeconcernedaboutthem.5．—How________you________yourboxingtraining?—Quitewell.Wearesuretowinthematch.6．They__________bythemanager__________failingtodotheirduties.7．Ifyourteachercriticizesyou,youshouldn't____________himorher.8．Cansomeaccidents____________happeningbyhumanbeings?9．Tomyfurtherembarrassment,mygirlfriend____________me____________myfault.10．Thisfaultoccurred____________.Therefore,weshouldnotcriticizehim,butforgivehim.Ⅲ.單句語法填空1．—Shallweputoffthematchbecauseofthebadweather?—No.Rainorshine,thematchwillbeheldas________(schedule).2．________(design)verycleverlytofitintocorners,theshelfdoesn'ttakeupmuchroom.3．Thenewtechnology,if________(apply)toricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.4．________(consider)asabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.5．________(give)another10days,wearesuretocompleterepairingthemachine.6．________(fill)withshame,theboyloweredhishead,readyforthepunishmentfromhisdad.Ⅳ.用非謂語動詞將下列復(fù)合句改為簡單句1．Whent