LanguagepointsUnit4AdversityandCourageReadingandThinking1.Greatworksareperformednotbystrength,butperseverance.

成就偉業不在于體力,而在于堅韌不拔的毅力。意思：not…but…“_________________”，not后接被否定的內容，but后面接被認可的事實。用法：連接兩個并列的主語時，謂語動詞的數遵循就近原則。NotTom’parentsbutTom______(love)fishing.不是……而是……lovesbut的拓展wasinvitedbut(also)but(also)knoweatingrepair

summary常見句型列舉：_____________________________________________________該句型可連接兩個并列的主語、謂語、賓語、表語和狀語，說話的側重點在______________。當連接兩個并列主語時，謂語應同_____________在人稱和數上保持一致。多與anything,nothing,anybody,nobody,who,all,none連用，后接名詞或代詞，如作主語，謂語動詞與______________保持人稱和數的一致性。notjust…but…/notonly…but(also)…/not...but...后一部分靠近的主語but前的代詞1.foradangerousjourney:smallwages…

wagen.moneyyouearnthatispaidaccordingtothenumberofhours,days,orweeksthatyouwork

工資(通常指按周領取的)earn/get/pay/receiveawage掙/得/付/領工資increase/raise/reduce/stopwages增加/提高/減少/停發工資

advance/affect/cutdown/deductwages預支/影響/降低/扣發工資wagedemands/claims

工資要求egInourfamilybothmyhusbandandIarewageearners.在我們家里，丈夫和我都是掙工資的人。Therealwageoftheaverageworkerhasincreasedbyafactorofoverteninthelast70years.近70年來工人的實際工資平均增長超過了十倍。詞條不同點salary通常指按月發放的薪水、薪金。wage通常指按周領取的工資、工錢。pay指工資、薪水。income指收入、收益、所得。wagesalarypayItchancesthat…(=Ithappensthat…)碰巧……Sbhappen(s)todosth.某人碰巧做某事。Sthhappenedtosb某事發生在某人身上。egItchancedthatsomeonefoundthelostring.

碰巧有人拾到了那只失落的戒指。Itcouldbethattheyoungsterswhoplaythepianoalsohappentobemoreambitiousorbetteratfocusingonatask.可能是這些彈鋼琴的小孩碰巧更有抱負，或者更擅長專注于一項任務。Chanceswillneverhappentoyou,butifitdoes,donothesitatetoreport.機會不一定碰巧就發生在你身上，但是一旦發生了，就要毫不猶豫的報告。【語境應用】完成句子。1)John__________________(碰巧出去了)whenMarycametohishouseforsomething.2)____________________(碰巧)shehadmoneytobuythepresentforherdaughterinherwallet.3)Nothingcan________________(發生在你身上),andnothingcangetatyou.4)How__________________(怎么竟會)somanymachinepartsgetrusty?happenedtobeoutIt(so)happenedthathappenedtoyoucanithappenthatturnagainst 背叛turn(a)round 繞著...轉，面向另一個方向turnup

調大，開大(音量等)；突然露面turnaway 走開;轉身;不讓……進入

turnout 結果是……turnto 求助于；致力于；翻倒;轉向(to是介詞)turninto 變成

turnover 移交;翻身;使翻轉turnon/off 開/關(電視、燈、水、煤氣等)turnin 上交(物品)turnon

打開；依賴；突然攻擊turn短語【語境應用】用含turn的短語的正確形式填空。1)Knowinghowto___________invitationswithfinesseandnotfeelguilty.2)Herhusbandwasunsympatheticandshefeltshehadnooneto_______.3)Insteadoffindingthingsoutforthemselves,theymakeassumptionsthatoften________tobewrong.4)Thestadiumwasjammedandtheyhadto__________hundredsofdisappointedfans.5)Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingglasseswill________soonerorlater.6)Todowellinyourexamsthisyear,_________theTV,silenceyourmobile,andreviewyourworkregularly.turnto

turnoutturnawayturnupturnoff

turndown4.ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboardhisship…enthusiasticadj.havingorshowingintenseandeagerenjoyment,interest,orapproval熱情的，熱心的beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.對做某事熱心egCampingisagreatwaytomeetthelocalsasthePortuguesethemselvesareenthusiasticcampers.

野營是與當地居民接觸的好途徑，因為葡萄牙人本身就是熱情的露營者。

Trytobeasenthusiasticaspossible(enthusiasmiscatching)!盡量表現出熱情（熱情具有感染力）！

Youdidn’tseemtobeterriblyenthusiasticabouttheperformance.

你似乎對演出不太熱心。

enthusiasticallyadv.熱心地；滿腔熱情地enthusiasmn.

熱情，熱愛的事物enthusiastn.

熱心者；愛好者with(great)enthusiasm（非常）熱情地fullofenthusiasm充滿熱情enthusiasticaboutenthusiasticaboardadv.&prep.onaship,train,plane在(飛機、火車、船)上goaboarda/theship上船egPassengersmayonlytakeaboardtheaircraftaminimumofluggage.

乘客上飛機時，只可以帶最少量的行李。Alimitedmenuisavailableaboardthetrain,butanicebottleofvinrougeandasimplepicnichamperwillenhanceyourOrient-Expressfantasy.

在火車上提供的食物很有限，自備一瓶上好法國紅葡萄酒和一份簡單的野餐食盒，將會提升你東方快車之旅的樂趣。Thechildrenweresoexcitedtobetakenaboardforthefirsttime.

那些小孩第一次被帶上飛機，簡直興奮極了。LittleTomandthesailorsspenttwomonthsaboard.

小湯姆和水手們在船上過了兩個月。

【形近比較】a+board(n.木板)

→aboardadv.&prep.在(船、飛機、公共汽車等)上；上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)a+broad(adj.

寬闊的)

→abroadadv.在國外；到國外詞條不同點aboard通常接較大型的交通工具，如aboardaplane/train/ship/bus等。on可接較大型的交通工具，自行車除外，如onabus,onone’sbike。in常接小型的交通工具，如inacar。aboard/on/in【語境應用】選詞填空(aboard/abroad)。1)Don’tbankongoing__________thissummer.Wemaynothaveenoughmoney.2)Thepresidentwent__________theplaneundertheprotectionofseveralsecurityguards.abroadaboard5.Unfortunately,threedaysafterwesetoffIwasdiscovered.setoff①

startajourney出發

②cause(abomb,mine,etc)toexplode使爆炸

③causesittostarthappening引發egIfyouwanttocatchthattrainwe’dbettersetoffforthestationimmediately.

你要是想趕上那班火車，咱們就最好馬上動身去火車站。ThefirstatombombwassetoffoverHiroshima.

第一顆原子彈是在廣島上空爆炸的。

Ifheattendedapartywithouthiswifeandchildren,it

setoff

astormofspeculation.

如果他參加一個沒有妻子和孩子參加的聚會，就會引發一場猜測風暴。Thatjumpersetsofftheblueofhereyes.

在這件毛衣襯托下，她眼睛的藍色顯得更漂亮了。setup設置；建立；設立setdown讓某人下車；寫下setabout著手做setout啟程；開始工作setapart使分離，使分開setaside放在一邊，節省、保留(錢或時間)setfree釋放setanexampleto為……樹立榜樣set短語tosetoffsetupsetaboutsetfreesetdownsetaside6.Heassignedmetobeasteward,andInowservemealsfortwenty-eightmen,threetimesaday.assignvt.

①togiveaparticularjoborpieceofworktosomeone

分派，布置

②saythatitisfortheiruse分配assignsbsth=assignsth.tosb.分配給某人某物

assignsbtodosth指派某人做某一項工作assignsthtosth確認……

assignsb/sthas認為……是

egForexample,youmightassigneachorderauniqueordernumber.

例如，可能會為每個訂單分配一個唯一的訂單號。Itisimpossibletoassignanexactdatetothisbuilding.

確定這座建筑物的確切年代是不可能的。【語境應用】完成句子。1)Myteacherassignedme_________(write)anessayaboutthereformandopening-uppolicyofChina.

2)Whenteachers________________,studentsusuallyfeelanobligationtodoit.3)Theyhad____________________________(指派人監視我)twenty-fourhoursadayasifIwasathief.4)Wecannot_____________________(確定……的確切年代)theseruins.5)WhenItaught,I____________________(會布置個話題)tochildrenthattheywouldwriteabout.6)Weassigndifferentquestionstoeveryone,andtheneveryoneisresponsibleforwriting_____________________(分配到的問題).towriteassignedsomeonetowatchmeassignanexactdatetoassignhomeworkwouldassignatopictheassignedquestionswithenvy

outofenvyenviedhimhistalentenviedherbreakingtherecordbetheenvyofegAttheirapproachthelittleboyranawayandhid.

當他們走近時，那個小男孩跑開躲了起來。Hetookaveryscientificapproachtomanagement.

他采取了一種非常科學的管理方法。It’sfascinatingtoseehowdifferentpeopleapproachtheproblem.

看到不同的人怎樣處理這個問題真是有趣極了。Hedidn’tapproachthefrontdooratonce.

他沒有立即走近前門。v.接近，靠近n.方法v.解決，處理n.方法v.接近，靠近表達“方法、方式”ina(n)…manner用…方法inthisway通過這種方式bymeansof借助…手段，依靠…方法themethodofdoingsth.

(做)某事的方法withthismethod通過這種方法theapproachto(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/方式9.Andwhentheshipsank,ourheartssankwithit.sinkvi.

①

godownunderthesurfaceofaliquidorsoftsubstance沉沒，下沉

②move(sth)downwards下降vt.

to(causesomethingorsomeoneto)godownbelowthesurfaceortothebottomofaliquidorsoftsubstance

使下沉，使沉沒

besunkinsth陷入不快(或沉思)中egWesquattedbesidethepoolandwatchedthediversinkslowlydown.Tom’sheartbegantosinkatthebadnews.Hepausedtoallowhiswordstosinkin.Onhearingthathergoodfriendpassedaway,shejustsatthere,sunkinthought.Inanavalbattle(海戰)youraimistosinktheenemy’sship.【語境應用】單句語法填空。1)Thegovernmentdoesn’twanttoforceinefficientfirms_______tooquickly.2)TheTitanicwasapassengershipwhich___________(sink)tothebottomoftheoceanin1912.3)Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,wasrescuedfromthe________(sink)boatbyapassingship.4)Myheart_____becauseIthoughthewasgoingtodump(拋棄)meforanothergirl.5)Theship_________byanenemytorpedo(魚雷).

tosinksank/sunksinkingsankwassunkegSnowforcedmanydriverstoabandontheirvehicles.

大雪迫使許多駕駛者棄車步行。

Heabandonedstudyingabroadbecauseofhisfather’sillness.

由于父親生病，他放棄了出國留學。Thosewhoabandonthemselvestodespaircannotsucceed.

那些自暴自棄的人無法成功。Despitesomedifficulties,they’renotgoingtoabandontheplan.

盡管他們遇到了一些困難,但并不打算放棄這個計劃。Thecheerleaderwavedhisarmswithwildabandon.

拉拉隊隊長瘋狂地揮舞雙臂。【語境應用】完成句子。1)Shefeltshewasneededanddecided___________(abandon)herplanofstudyingabroad.2)Therewasnochanceofhimbeingfoundaliveandthesearch_____________(abandon).3)Inhisearlydayshe________________________________(棄醫從文).4)Afterdivorcingherhusband,she__________________________(陷入了絕望).5)He___________________(放棄教學)infavourofacareerasamusician.6)Hesignedcheques____________________(無所顧忌地)asifhewasverycrazy.toabandonwasabandonedabandonedmedicineforliteratureabandonedherselftodespairabandonedteachingwithcarelessabandon9.Hussyoftenplaysittokeepourspiritsup.keepup

使某物保持；使不低落；沿用、保持某事物egTheysangsongstokeeptheirspiritsup.

他們唱歌來鼓舞士氣。

Infaceoffailure,itisthemostimportanttokeepupagoodstateofmind.

面對失敗，最重要的是保持良好的心態。

Foryearshemanagedtokeepupthefictionthathewasnotmarried.

多年來他設法一直給人一種未婚的假象。WeshouldkeepupthetraditionalvirtuesoftheChinesenation.

我們應該保持中華民族的傳統美德。【拓展】keep短語keepoff

擋住；（使）避開

keepawayfrom避免接近，遠離keepon(doing)繼續（做）某事；繼續下去，不停keep…inmind將…記在心中keepdown蹲下，阻止，控制keepfrom克制，防止keepsb.from(doing)sth.阻止某人(做)某事keepback不靠近，阻止；抑制感情流露；隱瞞keepupwith跟上；了解；保持聯系keepupkeepupkeepoffkepton

keepawayfromkeepupwith12.Wearenowcampedontheiceandwehavebeenmanagingtosurvive.

現在，我們在冰層上扎營，一直在設法生存下來。

課文中還有兩處：

--thisistheadventurethatIhavebeendreamingof.Wehavebeenstrugglingfordays,butthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.現在完成進行時：表示從過去開始發生，一直延續到現在并可能延續下去的動作。2.表示動作剛剛結束。

Myclothesarewet,becauseIhavebeenwalkinginthestreet.3.表示某種感情色彩。

Whohasbeentellingyousuchnonsense?4.表示過去某種愿望未實現，某種企圖或希望落空，含有遺憾、不耐煩的情緒。

Shehasbeentellingmethetruth.即學即用havebeensearchinghasbeenrisinghasbeenflyinghaveknownwithout在虛擬語氣中的用法：1.without表示將來時間虛擬語氣的情況：Idon’tknowwhatwe_________(do)withoutyou.2.without表示過去時間虛擬語氣的情況：Withouttheirsupport,theproject____________________(be)

successful.3.without表示現在時間虛擬語氣的情況：Withoutair,there____________(be)livingthingsinthe

worldnow.woulddowouldnothavebeenwouldn’tbewouldhavegivenwouldhavemadewouldhavehelpedwouldn’tbewouldhavefailedresolvedtoreportthematterTheyresolvedthattoresolvetheirdifferenceshowtoresolveconflictsweakentheresolveunpleasantlycold;astrongtastewithoutsugarphysical/mentalenergyanddeterminationpersonwhosejobistoservefoodanddrinkstopassengersonaplane/shiptowishthatyouhadsomeoneelse’spossessions,abilitiesetc.topresssth.sohardthatitbreaksorisdamagedtogodownbelowthesurfaceofsth.thethingsyouowntotraveltoaplace,especiallybyshipfollowingmoralstandards;ofagoodenoughstandardorqualityafeelingthatyoureallyfeel,notoneyoupretendtofeel;somethinggenuinereallyiswhatitseemstobedeterminationtokeeptryingtoachievesomethinginspiteofdifficulties–usethistoshowapprovalMatchthewordwiththecorrectdefinition.bittervigorstewardenvycrushsteward,envy,vigor,crush,bitter,genuine,decent,voyage,sink,perseverance,belongingssinkbelongingsvoyagedecentgenuineperseveranceFillintheblankswiththevocabularyfromthearticle(Diary1para2)Anexpeditiont