2021-2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期中試卷

高一英語

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.本試卷分為選擇題和非選擇題，滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。

2.請將選擇題的答案填涂在答題卷上，非選擇題請直接在答題卷上規(guī)定的地方作答，答題前，

務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、姓名、考試號等相關(guān)信息寫在答題卡上規(guī)定的地方。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題L5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whathappenedthismorning?

A.Thewomanquarreledwithherboss.

B.Thewomanoverslept.

C.Thealarmclockdidn'tgooff.

2.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?

A.Herhat.B.Hercoat.C.Hergloves.

3.Whereisthemangoingprobably?

A.Toahotelbar.B.Tohisroom.C.Toarestaurant.

4.Howmuchwillthemanpay?

A.$15.B.$30.C.$60.

5.Whatarethespeakersdoing?

A.Readingabook.B.Readingaletter.C.Collectingmoney.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，

各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?

A.Thereisnohotwater.

B.Theshowerhandlecan'tbeturned.

CThebreakfastisratherbad.

7.Whatwillthewomandothismorning?

A.Washherclothes.B.Havesomeappointments.C.Haveherhaircut.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Ataschool.B.Atacinema.C.AtLily'shouse.

9.Whatmovieawardshowdoesthewomaninvitethemantowatch?

A.TheHundredFlowersAwards.B.TheCannesFilmFestival.C.TheGoldenRoosterAwards.

10.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutmovieawardshows?

A.Theactors.B.Thedresses.C.Thestage.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whatdidthewomandoafterfailingtofindhercar?

A.Shewenttothepolicestation.

B.Shecalledthepoliceforhelp.

C.Shetooktheundergroundbackhome.

12.Whywasthewomanunabletofindhercar?

A.Becauseshehadthecarstolen.

B.Becauseshehadthecarpulledaway.

C.Becauseshetookthewrongexit.

13.Howdidthewomanfeelthatday?

A.Happy.B.Silly.C.Angry.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Friends.

15.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?

A.She'stheonlychild.B.She'stheyoungestchild.C.She'stheeldestchild.

16.What'sthemainreasonwhythemanwantsasecondchild?

A.Reducingtheagingpopulation.

B.Solvingthelaborshortageproblem.

C.Keepinghissoncompany.

17.Whatworriestheman'swifemostinhavingasecondchild?

A.Theinfluenceonhercareer.

B.Thehighcostofchildcareandliving.

C.Thebalancebetweenherworkandfamily.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Tohelpstudentspreparefbrthereallife.

B.Toteachstudentstowriteapplicationletters.

C.Toletstudentsknowaboutsometypicaljobs.

19Whowillhelpstudentstowriteapplicationletters?

A.Ateacher.B.Theheadmaster.C.Amemberofthecommittee.

20.Whatisthelaststepofdoingtheproject?

A.Makealistofsuitablejobs.B.Gatherstudents'opinions.C.Askstudentstolakeonresponsibility.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

TheCurb-cutEffect（路緣坡效應(yīng)）referstothefactthatsupportingsmallgroupsofpeopleoftenendsup

helpingmuchlargerrangesofsociety.

Curbcuts:Easingthewalking

Inthe1940s,hundredsofthousandsofWorldWarIIsoldiersreturnedhomewithdisabilities.Disappointedby

thedifficultiestheyfaced,JackFisherofKalamazoo,Michigan,asoneofthem,askedhiscitygovernmenttobuildan

experimentalcurbcut-agentleslopethatbringstheendofasidewalkdowntomeetthelevelofthestreet-atthe

cornersofseveralblocksdowntown.Afewmonthslater,Fisherreportedthatevenresidentswithoutwheelchairs

wereenjoyingtheimpactofthelittleslopes.

Readingmachines:Gettingthemessage

In1976,technologistRayKurzweilinventedamachinefortheblindandvisuallydamagedtochangeimages

intotextthatitthenreadaloud.Smartspeakerswiththosevoicesarenowinroughlyone-quarterofUShomes.By

detectingstreetsignsandhousenumbers,itishelpingbuildthemapsthatself-drivingcarsusetonavigatetheworld.

Closedcaptions（字幕）:Followingtheconversation

SearslaunchedthefirstTVwithabuilt-inequipmentthatalloweddeafandhard-of-hearingviewerstoread

alongwiththeirfavoriteprogramsin1980.Inthe1990s,textbecameincreasinglycommonasDVDsand,later,

streamingservicesaddedtheabilitytoswitchthewordsonatwill.A2006surveyfoundthatonlyaround20percent

ofthepeopleusingcaptionshadhearingproblems.

DeafSpacedesigns:Keepingthingsquiet

Morethan150designsoftheDeafSpaceProjectcamefromarchitectHanselBauman.Oneaimistoclear

distractingnoises,whichcanmakeitdifficultforpeopletousetheirlimitedhearingabilities.Bykeeping

conversationsandothersounddisturbancesfromwalkingandjumpingaroundtheroom,thesewaysalsomakeit

easierforallsortsofstudentsandworkerstofocus.

CLICKHEREFORMOREINFORMATION

1.Whowerethefourinventionsinitiallyintendedtoserve?

A.Thearmy.B.Specialgroups.C.Allhumanbeings.D.Professionals.

2.WhatmightbeJackFisher?

A.Acitydesigner.B.Acitygovernor.C.Adisabledsoldier.D.Anordinaryroadman.

3.Whoseinventionhelpspeopletoconcentrate?

A.Sears,.B.JackFisher's.C.RayKurzweil's.D.HanselBauman's.

【答案】l.B2.C3.D

保斤】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了四種針對特殊人群的發(fā)明設(shè)計(jì)。

【1題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)Curbcuts:Easingthewalking段落下“Inthe1940s,hundredsofthousandsofWorldWarII

soldiersreturnedhomewithdisabilities.Disappointedbythedifficultiestheyfaced,JackFisherofKalamazoo,

Michigan,asoneofthem,askedhiscitygovernmenttobuildanexperimentalcurbcut-agentleslopethatbrings

theendofasidewalkdowntomeetthelevelofthestreet-atthecomersofseveralblocksdowntown.（20世名已40年

代，數(shù)卜萬二戰(zhàn)士兵帶著傷殘返鄉(xiāng)。密歇根州卡拉馬祖市的JackFisher,就是其中一員，對他們所面臨的困

難感到失望，他要求市政府在市中心幾個街區(qū)的拐角處建造試用性的路緣坡一一一種使人行道末端向下延

伸與街道水平面相接的緩坡）”可知,路緣坡的設(shè)計(jì)是為了方便行動不便的人;根據(jù)Readingmachines:Getting

themessage段落下“In1976,technologistRayKurzweilinventedamachinefortheblindandvisuallydamagedto

changeimagesintotextthatitthenreadaloud.（1976年，技術(shù)專家RayKurzweil為盲人和視力受損者發(fā)明了一

種機(jī)器，將圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成文本，然后大聲朗讀）”可知，這種機(jī)器專為盲人和視力受損者而發(fā)明；根據(jù)Closed

captions（字幕）:Followingtheconversation段落下“SearslaunchedthefirstTVwithabuilt-inequipmentthat

alloweddeafandhard-of-hearingviewerstoreadalongwiththeirfavoriteprogramsin1980.（1980年，Sears推出

了第一臺內(nèi)置設(shè)備的電視，使聾啞人和聽力困難人群能夠閱讀他們喜愛的節(jié)目）”可知，這種電視是為有聽

力障礙的人設(shè)計(jì)的；根據(jù)DeafSpacedesigns:Keepingthingsquiet段落下uOneaimistocleardistractingnoises,

whichcanmakeitdifficultforpeopletousetheirlimitedhearingabilities.（一個目標(biāo)是清除分散注意力的噪音，

這些噪音會使聽力受限的人們難以使用有限的聽力）”可知，這是為聽力受限的人們設(shè)計(jì)的。綜上可知，這

四項(xiàng)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造都是針對特殊人群的。故選B。

【2題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)Curbcuts:Easingthewalking段落下“JackFisherofKalamazoo,Michigan,asoneofthem（密

歇根州卡拉馬祖市的JackFisher,就是其中一員）”，句中的them指代“WorldWarIIsoldiersreturnedhome

withdisabilities（二戰(zhàn)的傷殘士兵）”，由此可推知Fisher是一名傷殘士兵。故選C。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DeafSpacedesigns:Keepingthingsquiet段落下uthesewaysalsomakeiteasierforallsortsof

studentsandworkerstofocus.（這些方法也使各種各樣的學(xué)生和工作者更容易集中注意力）”可知，DeafSpace

designs這項(xiàng)發(fā)明設(shè)計(jì)有助于集中注意力，由“Morethan150designsoftheDeafSpaceProjectcamefrom

architectHanselBauman.（DeafSpace項(xiàng)目的150多個設(shè)計(jì)來自建筑師HanselBauman）v可知，這是由Hansel

Bauman發(fā)明設(shè)計(jì)的。故選D。

B

GrowingupinaJamaican-Americanhousehold,foodwasanimportantpartofmychildhood.Iremembermy

grandmotherpreparingfrieddumplingsandcurrymutton,jazzmusicplayinginthebackground.Foodwasour

greatesttreasure.Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.Foodcelebratednewbeginningsandeasedthewoundsoflife's

untimely（過早的）endings.

WhenIwas8,1wasdiagnosedwithamuscledisease,whichcausedmetospendmostofmychildhoodin

hospitalroomsandwheelchairs,slowlygainingweightbyswallowingprednisone（潑尼松藥）hiddeninsidemint

chocolatechipicecream.Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.Evetriedevery

singleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.However,as

anadult,Ibegantoexperienceaparalyzingfearoffood.My"I'llstartanewdietonMonday"mind-setlastedfor16

yearsasIuncontrollablyateandabusedmybody.IwaswoniedthatIwasnotattractiveenough.Soobsessed（困擾

的）andafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn'twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary

2011,1attemptedtokillmyselfandlandedinthehospitalformultipledays.

Wedoextremethingstoourbodiesbecauseofthosenumbers.Numbersthatcannottalkwithusorloveus.I

havehadtostopjudgingmybelly,stopstarvingmyself,stopgettingonthescaleandstaringatthosenumbers.Ihave

cometotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelife

IliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.

4.Whatroledidfoodplayinauthor'schildhood?

A.Ithealedherphysicalwounds.B.Itstrengthenedthefamilybond.

C.Itwasasourceoffamilyincome.D.Itmarkedtheendofsomeone'slife.

5.Whatmadethemotherfeelclosertoherdaughter?

A.Makingcookingherdailyduty.B.Raisingtheauthorasasinglemom.

C.Limitingtheauthortoastrictdiet.D.Preparinghealthyfoodfortheauthor.

6.Whydidtheauthorwanttokillherself?

A.Becauseshehatedfood.

B.Becauseshelostthebattlewithherdisease.

C.Becauseshewasconcernedthatshewouldnotgetajob.

D.Becauseshewasworriedaboutherworseninghealthstate.

7.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutherweightnow?

A.Nervous.B.Satisfied.C.Worried.D.Unconcerned.

【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者因?yàn)轶w重的數(shù)字對自己做出極端的事情，然后意識到生命比這些數(shù)字

更重要，自己生活的質(zhì)量比自己在鏡子里的樣子更重要。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.（食物使一家人團(tuán)聚在一起）”可知，在作者的童

年，食物是加強(qiáng)家庭聯(lián)系的紐帶。故選B。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I'vetried

everysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.（我

媽媽通過嚴(yán)格的節(jié)食來幫助我減肥，這是她的責(zé)任。我都試過了。公平地說，我媽媽已經(jīng)盡力了。作為一

個單身母親，她覺得這讓我們更親密）”可知，嚴(yán)格限制作者的飲食，使母親感覺與女兒更親近。故選C。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"SoobsessedandafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn'twinthebattlewith

thenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2011Iattemptedsuicideandlandedinthehospitalfbrmultipledays.（我如此

癡迷于此，害怕如果我不能在與數(shù)字的較量中取勝，就沒有人會雇用我當(dāng)演員。2011年2月，我試圖自殺，

結(jié)果在醫(yī)院里住了好幾天）”可知，她對失業(yè)的焦慮是導(dǎo)致作者企圖自殺的直接原因。故選C。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ihavecometotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumberson

thescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.（我己經(jīng)意識到我的生

命比這些數(shù)字更重要，我生活的質(zhì)量比我在鏡子里的樣子更重要）”可推知，作者現(xiàn)在對自己的體重毫不在

意。故選D。

C

Aspeopleacrosstheglobestruggledwithhigherlevelsofstress,depressionandanxietythispastyear,many

turnedtotheirfavoritecomfortfoods:icecream,pizza,hamburgers.Butstudiesinrecentyearssuggestthatthe

high-sugarandhigh-fatfoodswhenwearestressedordepressed,ascomfortingastheymayseem,aretheleastlikely

tobenefitourmentalhealth.Instead,wholefoodssuchasvegetables,fruit,fish,eggs,nutsmaybeabetterbet.

Historically,nutritionresearchhasfocusedlargelyonhowthefoodsweeataffectourphysicalhealth,rather

thanourmentalhealth,though.Overtheyears,largepopulationstudieshavefoundthatpeopleassignedtofollowa

Mediterraneandietforthreemonthshadgreaterreductionsinsymptomsofdepressionafterthreemonthscompared

toacontrolgroup.

Publichealthexpertsaroundtheworldhavestartedencouragingpeopletoadoptlifestylebehaviorslike

exercisesoundsleep,aheart-healthydietandavoidingsmokingthatmayreduceinflammation（發(fā)炎）andhave

benefitsforthebrain.Individualcliniciansarealreadyincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients.Dr.Drew

Ramsey,aclinicalprofessorattheColumbiaUniversity,beginshismeetingswithnewpatientsbyexploringtheirdiet.

Heaskswhattheyeat,learnstheirfavoritefoods,andfindsoutiffoodsthatheconsidersimportantfbrtheconnection

aremissingfromtheirdiets,suchasplants,seafood.

Dr.Ramseysaidhedoesnotwatpeopletothinkthattheonlyfactorinvolvedinbrainheathisfood."Lotsof

peoplegettheirfoodexactlyright,liveveryactivelives,andstillhavesignificanttroubleswiththeirmentalhealth,“

hesaid.Buthealsoteachespeoplethatfoodcanbeempowering.4tWecan'tcontrolourgenes,hesaid."Butwecan

controlhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadaily

basis.”

8.Whatdopreviousnutritionstudiesmainlyfocuson?

A.Howourdietsaffectourmentalhealth.B.Howourdietsaffectourphysicalhealth.

C.Howourmentalhealthaffectsourdiets.D.Howourphysicalhealthaffectsourdiets.

9.Whyareindividualcliniciansincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients?

A.Theytrytocatertotheirpatients9needs.

B.Theyarequestioningpublichealthexperts.

C.Theywanttoprovetheeffectivenessofhealthydiets.

D.Theyhaveacceptedthefindingsoflargepopulationstudies.

10.WhichofthefollowingmightDr.Ramseyagreewith?

A.Someconnectionexistsbetweenourdietsandmentalhealth.

B.Peoplecancontroltheirgenesaswellashowtheyeat.

C.Peoplelivingactiveliveswillnothavementalproblems.

D.Eatingahealthydietisgoingtocuredepression.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Peoplewithanxietyusuallyturntofoodforcomfort.

B.Thedailydietisthefactorconnectedwithbrainhealth.

C.Controllingthewayweeatislikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.

D.Havingahigh-sugardietcanreducesymptomsofdepression.

【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們所吃的食物會影響心理健康，控制飲食方式可能有益于人

們的心理健康。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Historically,nutritionresearchhasfocusedlargelyonhowthefoodsweeataffectour

physicalhealth,ratherthanourmentalhealth,though.（然而，從歷史上看，營養(yǎng)研究主要關(guān)注我們所吃的食物

如何影響我們的身體健康，而不是我們的心理健康）”可知，以前的營養(yǎng)研究主要關(guān)注我們的飲食如何影響

我們的身體健康。故選B項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Overtheyears,largepopulationstudieshavefoundthatpeopleassignedtofollowa

MediteiTaneandietforthreemonthshadgreaterreductionsinsymptomsofdepressionafterthreemonthscompared

toacontrolgroup.（多年來，大量的人口研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與對照組相比，被指定遵循地中海飲食法三個月的人在

三個月后抑郁癥狀的減輕程度更大）”可知，大量人口研究結(jié)果顯示，遵循地中海飲食法的人會減輕病癥，

所以個別臨床醫(yī)生要求將營養(yǎng)納入他們對患者的工作是因?yàn)樗麄兘邮芰舜罅咳丝谘芯康慕Y(jié)果。故選D項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butwecancontrolhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycan

dototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.（但我們可以控制我們的飲食方式，這讓人們可以采取行動，

每天都可以照顧自己的大腦健康）”可知，拉姆齊博士認(rèn)為控制飲食方式可以讓人們采取行動照顧自己的大

腦健康，所以他同意飲食和心理健康之間存在某種聯(lián)系。故選A項(xiàng)。

【II題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Butstudiesinrecentyearssuggestthatthehigh-sugarandhigh-fatfoodswhenweare

stressedordepressed,ascomfortingastheymayseem,aretheleastlikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.（但是最近幾

年的研究表明，當(dāng)我們感到壓力或抑郁時，高糖和高脂肪的食物雖然看起來很舒服，但對我們的心理健康

最不可能有好處）”以及最后一段"Butwecancontrolhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthat

theycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.（但我們可以控制我們的飲食方式，這讓人們可以采

取行動，每天都可以照顧自己的大腦健康）”可知，文章主要介紹了人們所吃的食物會影響心理健康，控制

飲食方式可能有益于人們的心理健康。故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25people

havebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC,thisisthemostcasualties（傷亡）fromwildfires

inthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWales

alone.

ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperatures

andextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason."The

drierconditionscombinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.

Australia'sfireswereworsenedbythecombinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmest

yearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordfbrAustralia,HausfatheraddedonFriday.

KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmerocean

temperaturesalsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarming

contributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocks

weatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingto

droughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreases

theriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughtevents

longer.

Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityofwildfires.Howlandismanaged

canalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledbumsandotherfactorscanimpactthe

risktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthose

policieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagement

resourcesaredispatched（派遣）.

12.WhatarethenumbersaboutinParagraph1?

A.ThecausesofAustralianfires.B.ThesevereconsequencesofAustralianfires.

C.ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires.D.TheresidencedestructionofAustralianfires.

13.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"susceptibleto“inthesecondparagraph?

A.Veryquicklytoadaptto.B.Veryseriouslytofocuson.

C.Veryeasilytobeprotectedagainst.D.Verylikelytobeinfluencedby.

14.WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth'sresearch?

A.Warmeroceantemperaturespromotefiresspreading.

B.Longerdryweathercontributestoglobalwarming.

C.Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.

D.Globalwarmingistherootcauseofthebushfires.

15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?

A.Toprovidesomeadviceaboutreducingdamage.B.Toshowthemethodsforcontrollingburns.

C.TopredicttheseriousnessofAustralianfires.D.TostresstheeffectsofAustralianfires.

【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講的是澳大利亞森林火災(zāi)造成的損失，以及專家們關(guān)于森林大火

原因的分析。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacres

ofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed."（這個季節(jié)，澳大利亞的森林大火已經(jīng)燒

毀了超過1235萬英畝的土地。至少25人死亡，2000所房屋被毀。）可知，本段利用數(shù)字分別從過火面積、

人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失等三個方面描述森林大火的巨大破壞力，所以本段的數(shù)字是關(guān)為了告訴我們森林大火

產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重后果。故選B項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeley

Earth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreased

thelengthofthefireseason（加州大學(xué)伯克利分校地球分校的能源系統(tǒng)分析師和氣候研究員澤克?豪薩福爾說

氣溫升高和極端天氣使澳大利亞更susceptibleto火災(zāi)并延長了高火險季節(jié)的持續(xù)時間。）”可推測氣溫升高

和極端天氣更容易發(fā)生火災(zāi)，因此moresusceptibleto應(yīng)意為“更易遭受……，更容易受到……影響”,與D

項(xiàng)“Verylikelytobeinfluencedby（很容易受的影響）”意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。.

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,

itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmake

droughteventsk）nger.（他說，一旦一個地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了兩個月或更長時間的干旱，它就會增加火災(zāi)和火災(zāi)蔓延的

風(fēng)險。那些由于全球變暖而改變的天氣使得干旱持續(xù)的時間更長。）”可推斷全球氣候變暖導(dǎo)致干旱或延長

干旱時間，增加火災(zāi)風(fēng)險及火災(zāi)蔓延風(fēng)險，所以全球變暖是森林大火的根本原因。故選D項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityof

wildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.（氣候?qū)＜覐?qiáng)調(diào)氣候變化不

是野火嚴(yán)重的唯一因素。土地的管理方式也會影響火災(zāi)可用燃料的數(shù)量。）”以及“Practiceslikecontrolled

burnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeof

developmentinagivenarea.儲如控制性燃燒和其他因素等做法可能會影響火災(zāi)對人和財(cái)產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險，如預(yù)警系

統(tǒng)和特定地區(qū)的開發(fā)類型。）”及uChangingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefrom

wildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched（派遣）（改變這些政策同時改變消防

管理資源的分配方式有很大的降低未來野火造成損害的潛力。）”可知作者在最后一段想要提供一些關(guān)于減

少火災(zāi)損失的建議。故選A項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

ThreeThingsWeMustDotoTackleClimateChange

WithworldleadersmeetingattheinternationalclimatechangeconferencethisAugustinGlasgowtodiscuss

urgentglobalactiontomeetoneofthegreatestchallenges,manypeoplestilldon'tknowwhatmustbedone.

16However,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthatitisnottoolatetoavoidtheworstimpactsof

climatechange,ifwerespondrapidlyanddecisively.Buthow?Itcomesdowntothefollowingthreethings.

Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.17Thatmeansnoexploration,nonewwells,mines,pipelines,or

powerplants.Wealreadyhaveavastamountoffossilfuelinfrastructure（基石出設(shè)施），anditwilltakedecadestoend

itsuse.

18Sunandwindarethefastest-growingnewsourcesofenergywehave.Theircostshavefallen

sharply,makingthemtheleastexpensiveoptionsandencouragingtheadoptionofcleanenergyinmoreandmore

locations.

Protecttheworld'sforests.Forestsallovertheworldcurrentlyabsorbaboutathirdofthecarbondioxideour

activitiessendouttotheatmosphere.19Andthismuststop.Tomeettheplanet'sgrowingfoodneeds,

expertsurgeimprovedmanagementpracticesonalready-clearedlandratherthanclearingnewland.

Finally,itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave.Ifso,wecantakeonthechallenge

aswewouldwhateverthedifficultyis.20Thethreeactionswesuggestareessentialforsuccess.

A.Boostthedevelopmentofnewtechnology.

B.Speeduptheuseofclean,renewableenergy.

C.Thealarmingmessagesreleasedurgedustochangeourlifestyle.

D.Toachievethis,wemustallownonewdevelopmentofcoal,oilandgas.

E.The“codered"reportfromtheconferencegreatlyshockedmanypeople.

F.WeareonamissiontosaveplanetEarth,itspeopleanditsnaturalwonders.

G.Tropical（熱帶）forestsareespeciallyatriskandstillbeingclearedforagriculturaluses.

【答案】16.E17.D18.B19.G20.F

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人們可以做三件事情來應(yīng)對氣候變化。

【16題詳解】

I艮據(jù)空后“However,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthatitisnottoolatetoavoidtheworstimpactsof

climatechange,ifwerespondrapidlyanddecisively.Buthow?Itcomesdowntothefollowingthreelhings.（然而，

我們從報告中得到的好消息是，如果我們迅速果斷地做出反應(yīng)，避免氣候變化的最嚴(yán)重影響還為時不晚”

可知，空處和空后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空后提到了報告中的好消息，可推知空處是在描述格拉斯哥召開國際氣候

變化大會提出了讓人震驚的報告，告訴人們氣候變化的后果非常嚴(yán)重。然而如果我們迅速果斷地做出反應(yīng),

避免氣候變化的最嚴(yán)重影響還為時不晚。E項(xiàng)”會議的“紅色代碼”報告讓許多人大吃一驚?！狈险Z境。

故選E。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)空前“Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.（逐步停止使用化石燃料。）”以及下文aThatmeansnoexploration,

nonewwells,mines,pipelines,orpowerplants.（這意味著沒有勘探，沒有新的油井、礦山、管道或發(fā)電廠。）”

可知，本段號召人們不要使用化石燃料「所以為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的，我們必須不允許煤炭、石油和天然氣的

新開發(fā)。D項(xiàng)中的“coal,oilandgas”對應(yīng)前文的化石燃料。而uwemustallownonewdevelopmentofcoal,oil

andgas（我們必須不允許煤炭、石油和天然氣的新開發(fā)）”順應(yīng)下文中的“沒有新的油井、礦山、管道或發(fā)

電廠。”故選D。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)空后“Sunandwindarethefastest-growingnewsourcesofenergywehave.（太陽和風(fēng)能是我們擁有的增長

最快的新能源。）”可知，人們開發(fā)利用新型的清潔和可再生能源是應(yīng)對氣候變化的重要方法。B項(xiàng)“加快

使用清潔的可再生能源?！狈险Z境。故選B。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)本段的第一句話"Protecttheworld'sforests.（保護(hù)世界森林。）"和空后"Andthismuststop.（這必須停

止。）”可知，保護(hù)森林非常重要，而空后的this應(yīng)該指代對森林破壞這件事。G項(xiàng)“熱帶森林面臨的風(fēng)險

尤其大，仍在為農(nóng)業(yè)用途而砍伐?！睘閠his指代的內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選G。

【20題詳解】

根據(jù)本段第一句話uFinally,itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave.（最后，是我們

攜手保護(hù)我們唯一的家園的時候了。”'可知，作者在最后號召大家行動起來保護(hù)我們唯一的家園，我們要

去拯救地球，上文建議的三個行動對成功至關(guān)重要。F項(xiàng)“我們的使命是拯救地球、地球上的人民和地球上

的自然奇觀?！狈险Z境。故選F。

第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳

選項(xiàng)。

Idreamedofbeingascientistat6.However,Idecidedat10thatIwasgoingtobeateacherbecauseIhada

21desireforsuperpowers.Asaboy,Icouldclearlyseesomeofmyteachershadextraordinarypowers.

TherewasanEnglishteacherwhocouldmagically22ustodifferentworldsbytellingusstoriesand

readingtousfrombookswewouldotherwisenever23.Itwasevenshockingthatmyteachercouldseethe

invisible.Iwasoneofthosewholackedinsi