Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionWorkbook1Matchthewordsfromthetwoboxestomakenewphrasesandthenusethemtocompletethesentencesbelow.UsingWordsandExpressions1Mostusedvehiclesarerequiredtopassa_______________beforetheirsaleortransfer.2TheInnerMongolia___________________isthewidestprovinceinChinaandhasadiversetopography(地貌),includingplateaus(高原),hills,plains,deserts,rivers,andlakes.3Itisknowntoallthatrivershavebeenthecradlesofhumancivilisationsinceancienttimes.Forexample,ChinesecivilisationoriginatedintheYellow___________.4Ifyouwanttobuildasuccessfulcompany,youmustfocusoncreatingastrong__________________________.

5Therehasbeenalong-termdebateaboutwhether______________isenvironmentallysustainableornot.6Thegoalof___________________istoprotectEarth’sbiologicaldiversityandmaintainthebalanceinnature.autonomous

corporate

nuclear

river

safety

wildlifebasin

conservation

energy

inspection

culture

regionsafetyinspectionAutonomousRegionRiverBasincorporateculture

(企業文化)nuclearenergywildlifeconservation

2Circlethebestwordstocompletethesentences.Thenexplainthe

differencesbetweenthetwowords.1KarlMarxwasclearlyoneofthemostinfluential/powerfulphilosophersinhistory.

2Themeetingendedwiththecommitteemembersunabletoagreeona(n)agenda/schedule.3Thecountryisstillrestoring/recoveringfromtheeffectsofthewar.4Theinvestigatorswereaskedtosubmit/handinacomprehensivereportbeforetheendofthismonth.5Expertssaytheleatherbackturtleshavebecomeincreasinglyunusual/rareduetothespecialfishingtechnique.6Itisestimatedthatthevolume/totalofglobaltradewoulddeclineby6%iftherewereatradewar.

3

TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrases

inbrackets.1一位著名探險家于1925年在亞馬孫叢林里失蹤。(jungle)2面對公眾的壓力，廣告公司為廣告中的錯誤信息道了歉。(inresponseto)3他代表公司員工在會上發了言。(onbehalf

of)4我們應該掌握主動權，采取一系列政策和措施來減少空氣污染。(seizetheinitiative,policy)52015年，在聯合國的一次峰會(summit)上，193個會員國家就《2030年可持續發展議程》達成了一致。(agenda,sustainable)In1925,afamousexplorerwasmissingintheAmazonJungle.Inresponsetopublicpressure,theadvertisingcompanyapologisedforthewronginformationinthead.Hespokeatthemeetingonbehalfofallthestaff.Weshouldseizetheinitiativeandadoptaseriesofpoliciesandmeasurestoreduceairpollution.Ata2015UnitedNationssummit,193memberstatesreachedanagreementonthe

2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.

4

Listasmanywordsasyoucanthatusethesuffixesbelow.-able______________________________________________________________-ate______________________________________________________________-ion________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-ism______________________________________________________________-ive______________________________________________________________-ment______________________________________________________________-ous______________________________________________________________habitable,sustainable,renewableappropriate,moderate,corporateradiation,emission,attention,eruption,consumption,extinction,position,expression,combination,pollution,reputation,action,population,production,construction,collection,regulation,conservation,inspection,organisation,generation,additiontourism,environmentalismcomprehensive,sensitive,negative,expensiveenvironment,measurement,government,treatment,developmentharmonious,autonomous,ambitiousUsingStructures

1LastmonthyoumetyourformerclassmateSarah,anexchangestudentfromCanada.Herearesomeofthethingsshesaidtoyou.Nowyouaretellinganotherfriendwhatshesaid.Useindirectspeech.①I’mlivinginBeijingnow.②IsawHelenatapartylastweekandshegavemehernewcellphonenumber.③Ihaven’tseenPaulforalongtime.④I’mapplyingtobecomeavolunteeratthesciencemuseum.⑤Idon’ttakecookingclassesanymore,butIstillenjoycooking.⑥I’llgotoXi’anforthecomingholidaywithmyparents.1

Sarahsaidthat_______________________________________________________2Shesaid____________________________________________________________3___________________________________________________________________4___________________________________________________________________5___________________________________________________________________6___________________________________________________________________shewaslivinginBeijingatthattime.thatshehadseenHelenatapartytheweekbeforeandHelenhadgivenheranewcellphonenumber.Shesaidthatshehadn’tseenPaulforalongtime.Shesaidthatshewasapplyingtobecomeavolunteeratthesciencemuseum.Shesaidthatshedidn’ttakecookingclassesanymore,butshestillenjoyedcooking.ShesaidthatshewouldgotoXi’anforthecomingholidaywithherparents.

2Readthesentencesintheboxandusethemtocompletethesentencesthatfollow,usingindirectspeechastheexamplegiven.A“Pleaseslowdown!” B“Couldyouholdthedoorforme,Henry?”C“Turnthevolumedown,Jim.” D“Don’tworrytoomuchaboutit.”E“Didyouhaveagoodtime?” F“Whydidn’tyoucometotheparty?”G“DoyoulikeItalianfood?” H“Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?”I“Justgotobed.”1Billwasdrivingtoofast,soItoldhimtoslowdown.2Motherwasansweringthephone,soshe__________________________________.3Suewasalittlenervousabouttheexam,soI______________________________________.4Sarahwascarryingalargeboxinherhandsandwantedtogoout,sosheasked_______________________________________.5IwantedtoinviteMaryoutfordinner,soI________________________________.6Jackjustcamebackfromhisholiday.

I____________________________________.7Williamdidn’tshowupatmyparty,soI________________________________________.8Thephotographerwastakingpicturesofanoldercouple.He_______________________________.9Itwasquitelatewhenhersongothome,soshe_________________________.C...askedJimtoturnthevolumedownD...toldhernottoworrytoomuchaboutitB...HenryifhecouldholdthedoorG...askedherifshelikedItalianfoodE...askedhimifhehadhadagoodtimeF...askedhimwhyhehadn’tcometothepartyH...askedthemhowlongtheyhadbeenmarriedI...toldhimtojustgotobed

3Workinpairs.Reportapieceofnewsthatyouheardtodayto

yourpartner.Thefollowingexpressionsmayhelpyou.?

Iheardovertheradiothat……?

Thereportersaidthat……?

Itwasannouncedthat……?

Theauthoritieswarnedthat…?

Theexpertadvisedthat…?

Theresearchersestimatedthat…..?

Thecompanyclaimedthat……?

Thepoliceconfirmedthat……wecouldrecycleoldclothesatthelocalschool.

manypeoplehadattendedthemeetingaboutlocalenvironmentalissues.achargeforplasticbagswouldbeintroducednextyear.

therewouldbestrictfinesonanyonebreakingthenewenvironmentallaws.

actionwouldbenecessaryinthenext12yearstostopglobaltemperaturesrisingtoomuch.theglacierhaddecreasedinsizesincelastyear.theyhadcuttheirfactory'semissionsbyover50%.

theganghadbeenresponsiblefortheillegalwastedumping.ListeningandSpeaking

1Beforeyoulisten,lookatthepicturesbelowanddiscussthefollowingquestions.

1Wheredoyouthinkthesephotosweretaken?2Whatdoyouthinkthetwopeoplearedoing?Whyaretheydoingit?3Doyoubelieveanordinarypersoncanachievegreatthings?

2ListentothestoryandcheckyouranswersinActivity1.

1Wheredoyouthinkthesephotosweretaken?2Whatdoyouthinkthetwopeoplearedoing?Whyaretheydoingit?3Doyoubelieveanordinarypersoncanachievegreatthings?

Ithinkthesephotosweretakeninadesertandfarawayfromanytownorcity,becausethereisalotofsandandnobuildingsorroads.Ithinkthetwopeopleareplantingthingsbecausetheywanttousethelandandshapeitforsomereason.Ofcourseanordinarypersoncanachievegreatthings.Allgreatachievementswereallachievedbyordinarypeoplewhodecidedtodosomethingextraordinaryandstucktotheirgoal.

3Listenagainanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Thencorrectthemistakes.1YinYuzhenmovedtothedeserttostaywithherhusband.2Shestartedtoplanttreesbecauseshewantedtocreatelandforfarming.3Manyoftheyoungtreeshaddiedbeforetheyfoundthebestplantsandmethodstouseinthedesert.4Afterdecades,about60,000treeshavebeenplanted.5YinYuzhenhasreceivedawardsandrecognitionfromallovertheworld.T

FT

FT

FT

FT

F

4Workingroups.Discussthequestions.1

Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardsYinYuzhenandherhusband’sactions?HowdidthespeakerdescribeYinYuzhen?2“Althoughactionsmayseemsmallandinsignificant,overtimetheyjointogethertobecomegreatachievements.”Whatdoyouthinkthissentencemeans?Doyouagree?Giveyourreasons.Thespeaker’sattitudetowardsYinYuzhenandherhusband’sactionsisverypositive.Hedescribedherasinspiringandsomeonewhoworkshardwithcourage,patience,andperseverance.Ithinkthissentencemeansthatgreatachievementsseldomhappeninasinglemomentandareoftenthesumofmanysmallactionstogetherandalotofhardworkovertime.Iagreebecausetherearemanyexamplesofsuccessfulpeoplewhohaveworkedhardbytrainingtoachievegreatthings.

我們許多人可能都不會想太多就扔掉一小塊垃圾。畢竟，它如此小，不可能很有害，難道不是嗎？但如今，因為積少成多，答案卻是肯定的,“是的，它很有害!”隨著塑料袋的使用越來越多，吸煙者的數量不斷增加，產生的垃圾比以往任何時候都多。

雖然煙頭很小，但它們對環境有害。在世界范圍內，每年約有4.3萬億個煙頭被丟棄。它們不僅破壞了美麗的環境，還含有有毒物質化學物質CALS。這些細菌會進入到供水系統的方式，會影響水的質量和危害動植物。煙頭需要長達25年的時間才能分解，有毒化學物質會累積起來大量的垃圾。所以，如果人們想吸煙,他們應將煙蒂妥善棄置在垃圾桶內。

塑料袋是另一種常見的垃圾，對環境有害。它們很容易被風吹走，漂浮在水中，所以它們可以漂游得更遠。它們進入了河流、公園、海灘和海洋，并且每年在世界各地殺死了許多鳥類、哺乳動物、魚類和海洋動物。它們可以在環境中持續數百年。我們不應該讓塑料袋變成垃圾。我們應該少用塑料袋，并且重復使用和回收使用過的塑料袋。小垃圾，大問題

減少塑料袋使用的一種方法是收費。以前商店免費贈送塑料袋。但在一些國家，包括中國，顧客現在每個袋都要收費。一些店鋪還推出了“包終身”計劃。他們出售可以重復使用的更結實的袋子，如果袋子壞了，他們會免費更換。

浪費是環境的一個大問題，所以我們需要從小事做起。不亂扔垃圾或者清理“小垃圾”可以節省妥善處理垃圾的費用。當然了，最好不要吸煙或使用塑料袋。1Lookatthetitleandthepicturebelowanddecidewhatyouthinkthetextisabout.Ithinkthetextisaboutwasteandtheoceansandwhatabigproblemitis.2.Readthetextandcomplatethetable.ParagraghMainideaImportantdetails1Smallpiecesoflittercanbeharmful.Plasticbagsandlitterfromsmokersincreased.234Cigarettebuttsarebadfortheenvironment.Buttsaresmallbuttherearetrillionsofthem.Theycontaintoxicchemicalsandtake25yearstodecompose.Plasticbagsarebadfortheenvironment.Plasticbagsareeasilyblownbywindandcarriedbywater,sotheyfindwaytorivers,oceans,parks,beachesandkillbirds,mammals,fish,andseaanimals.Theycanlastforhundredsofyears.Weshouldusefewerplasticbags,andreuseandrecyclethem.Someshopschargeforbagsandhavea"bagfor-life"scheme.Todealwiththeproblemofwaste.Cleaningup“smallwaste”savesmoneybutit’sbestnottolitterorusethesethingsatall.3Workingroups.Discussthequestions.1Whatdoesthetitlemean?Canyounamesomeothersmallpiecesoftrash?2Whataretheeffectivesolutionstotheproblems?3Imagineyouarealeaderofyourcommunity,whatproposalswouldyouputforwardtoimprovetheenvironment?Thetitlemeansthatalthougheachpieceofwasteissmall,lotsofittogetheriscausingbigproblems.Othersmalllitteritemsincludechewinggum,packagingfromthingssuchassweets,snacks,andsandwiches,lidsfrombottlesandcans,disposablecutlery,andbathroomitemssuchasrazorsandcottonbuds.Theeffectivesolutionsaretoreducetheuseofthesethings,disposeofthemproperly,andreuseandrecyclethemwheneverpossible.IfIwasacommunityleader,Iwouldfirstputforwardaproposaltoeducatethecommunityaboutthewasteproblem.Iwouldtalktobusinessesabouttheitemstheysellandencouragethemandthecommunitytouseitemsthatcouldbereusedorrecycledeasily.ThenIwouldmakesuretherewereplentyofplacestodisposeofwastecorrectly.1Thinkaboutwhatinformationyouwillputontheposterandwhatmessageyouwanttoconvey.2Decidetheessentialpartsofyourposter:headline,body,andsignature.Makesureyourheadlineattractsthereaders’attentionandyourmessageisclearandimpressive.3Chooseafewgoodpicturesforyourposter.4Presentyourpostertotheclassorputitupintheclassroom.SayNotoPlasticBags!

Manyplasticbagsendupinriversandthesea.

Theykillfishandotherseacreatures.

Plasticgetsintoourfood.Togetherwecansolvethisproblem:

Reuseplasticbagsagainandagain!

Putallbagsintherecyclingbin!

Takeareusablebagwithyoueverywhere!

FromGroup1,Class24Workingroups.Makeaposterabouttheuseofplasticbagsorlittering.*5Writeanassessmentofwhatisbeingdonetocontrolthe“smallwaste”problem.1Thinkaboutthemeasuresthathavebeentakentodealwiththe"smallwaste"probleminyourlocalcommunityandinthecountryoverall.2SurftheInternetandfindmorefactsaboutthemeasurestakentostrengthenyourassessment.3Considerthefollowingquestionswhenformingyourargument.Doyouthinkthemeasureshavebeeneffective?Whyorwhynot?Whatarethebenefitsofthemeasures?Whatarethedisadvantages?4Writeyourassessmentofthemeasurestaken.5Presentyourassessmenttotheclassordisplayitintheclassroom.SampleWriting

Severalmeasureshavebeentakentodealwiththe“smallwaste”problemofcigarettebuttsinourcommunity.Ourstreetsnowhavemanyspecialsmallbinsforputtingcigarettebuttsin.Drainshavespecialsmallgrillstostopcigarettebuttsgettingintothewatersystem.Theycanbothbecleanedeasily.Ithinkthemeasureshavebeeneffective,butstillmorecanbedone.Thebenefitsofthemeasuresarethattheymakeiteasiertodisposeofbuttsandcollectthem.Thedisadvantages

arethattheydon’tstoptheproblem,ascigarettesstillgetsmoked,andbuttsproduced.Ourassessmentisthatthemeasureswereeffective,butsmokersneedtobeeducatedmoreaboutwhynottodroptheirbuttsandtodisposeofthemproperly.*ExpandingYourWorldACLEAN,GREENENERGYFUTURE

Theworld’senergyneedsaregrowingeveryyear.Ascountriesdevelopandtheirpopulationsgrow,thedemandfortheenergytosupportthemincreases.Untilnow,thisgrowthhasreliedheavilyontheuseoffossilfuels(coal,oil,andgas).Althoughtheirusehasbeenessentialsofar,relianceonthemhasledtopollutionproblems,andperhapsthegreatestfuturechallengeformankind,climatechange.Thankfully,manycountriesaremakingtheimportantchangefromfossilfuelstoclean,green,andrenewablesourcesofenergy.Fossilfuelsproduceemissions,suchascarbondioxide,whichcontributetothegreenhouseeffectandtheglobalclimate.Theyarealso“finite”sources,whichmeansthereisalimitedsupplyofthem.Onceasourcehasbeenusedup,anothermustbefound,andfindingnewsourcesbecomesmoredifficultandexpensiveovertime.Withnoemissionsorwaste,renewableenergysourcescauselimiteddamagetotheenvironment.Theyarerenewablebecausetheycanbenaturallyreplacedandcanthereforebeconsumedwithouttheriskofusingthemup.

世界的能源需求每年都在增長。隨著國家的發展和人口的增長，對支持這些國家的能源的需求也在增加。到目前為止，這種增長嚴重依賴于化石燃料(煤、石油和天然氣)的使用。盡管迄今為止它們的使用是必不可少的，但對它們的依賴已經導致了污染問題，也許是人類未來面臨的最大挑戰——氣候變化。

值得慶幸的是，許多國家正在做出重大改變，從化石燃料轉向清潔、綠色和可再生能源?；剂袭a生的排放物，如二氧化碳，會造成溫室效應和全球氣候。它們也是“有限的”資源，這意味著它們的供應是有限的。一旦一個資源用完了，就必須找到另一個，隨著時間的推移，找到新的資源變得更加困難和昂貴。由于沒有排放或浪費，可再生能源對環境造成的損害有限。它們是可再生的，因為它們可以被自然替代，因此可以在不用盡它們的風險的情況下被消費掉。

Herearethemaintypesofrenewableenergy,withfactsandexamplesfromaroundtheworld.Hydropower

Thepowerofwaterturnsturbineswhichproduceelectricity.Sinceancienttimes,watermillshavebeenusedformanythings,fromgrindingwheattosawingtimber.CountriessuchasParaguayandNorwayalreadyproduceallormostoftheirenergyfromhydropower.MostoftherenewableenergyinChinacomesfromhydropowerplants,suchastheThreeGorgesDam,theworld’slargestpowerstation.Solar

Solarpanelsturnheatfromthesun’sraysintoelectricity,andsolarheatersusethatenergytoheatwaterdirectly.Thisisthefastestgrowingrenewableenergysource,asthecostofthetechnologyisfalling.

Germanyhasthehighestsolarcapacityintheworld,butChinaistheworld’slargestmarketandthelargestproducerofsolartechnology.

下面是可再生能源的主要類型，以及來自世界各地的事實和例子。水力發電水的力量驅動渦輪機發電。自古以來，水車被用于許多事情，從磨小麥到鋸木材。巴拉圭和挪威等國已經全部或大部分能源來自水力發電。中國的大部分可再生能源來自水電站，比如世界上最大的長江三峽水利樞紐工程。太陽能太陽能電池板將來自太陽光線的熱量轉化為電能，太陽能加熱器利用這些能量直接加熱水。這是增長最快的可再生能源，因為這項技術的成本正在下降。德國擁有世界上最高的太陽能產能，但中國是世界上最大的市場和太陽能技術的最大生產國。Wind

Tallturbinesareturnedbythewindtoproduceelectricity.Wind“farms”arebuiltonland,oroffshore,totakeadvantageofmorefrequentandpowerfulwindsatsea.Theworld’slargestwindfarmistheLondonArray.Ithas175windturbinesandis20kmoffthecoastofEngland.ResearchersthinkChinacouldmeetallherelectricitydemandsfromwindby2030.WindfarmsinprovincessuchasGansuhaveanendlesswindsupply.Geothermal

Thishasbeenanaturalsourceofenergyforthousandsofyears.Today,heatfrombelowtheearth’ssurfaceheatswaterintosteamthatturnsturbinestogenerateelectricity.TheUSAhasthelargestcapacity,withover80%generatedinCalifornia.TheYangbajingPowerPlantisthelargestgeothermalplantinChina.風能

風力渦輪機是由風力驅動發電的。風力“農場”建立在陸地或海上，以利用更頻繁和強大的風在海上。世界上最大的風電場是倫敦陣列。它有175個風力渦輪機，距離英格蘭海岸20公里。研究人員認為，到2030年，中國可以滿足所有的風電需求。甘肅等省的風力發電場有無窮無盡的風能供應。地熱

幾千年來，地熱一直是一種天然能源。今天，來自地表以下的熱量將水加熱成蒸汽，從而使渦輪機發電。美國的產能最大，80%以上產自加利福尼亞。羊八井發電廠是中國最大的地熱發電廠。Biofuel

Thisismaterialfrombiologicalsources(suchascornorgrain)orwasteproductsthatisusedtoproduceenergy.Itisusedingeneratorsforelectricity,orincarsandothermachines.Brazilhasproducedandusedbiofuelmadefromsugarcanefor40years.Chinaistheworld’sthirdlargestproducerofbiofuel.So,whataretheprosandconsofrenewableenergy?Thestrongest“pro”isthatitisclean,producingalmostnopollution.Resourcesareabundantandfree,andcannotbeusedup.Projects,oncesetup,requirelesstomaintain.Theyareidealonasmallscale;onecanhavesolarpanelsontheroof,butnotacoalpowerstationinthekitchen!Itisalso