外刊精讀精練英國：學歷和收入之間的關系導讀：上大學獲取一個學位可不是件容易的事。大多數人相信，獲得大學文憑對一名畢業生的未來職業發展必有幫助。但這一紙文憑究竟有那么管用嗎？學生所學習的專業會影響其未來的就業和收入嗎？本集《外刊精讀》討論在英國，學歷和收入之間的關系。一、語篇泛讀Vocabulary:Education詞匯：教育What'sthepointofstudying?!It'ssomethingyoumightaskyourselfifyou'restudyingforadegreeandyou'restrugglingtocompleteanassignmentorsweatingitoutinanexam,especiallyifyourfriendsseemtobeouthavingagoodtime,orareworkingandearninglotsofmoney.Manyofuschoosetogotouniversityasafirststeptowardsagoodcareerbutsometimesthatcareerishardtoachieveandgraduatesendupdoingsomethingtheyareoverqualifiedfor.TheCharteredInstituteforPersonnelandDevelopmentsaysthatwiththespirallingcostsofuniversity,studentsneedtoaskthemselveswhetheradegreepathisthebestrouteintoacareer.Itsaysthereisaneedformuchbettercareeradviceandguidance,alongsidehigh-qualityalternativevocationalroutesintoemploymentotherthanuniversityeducation.ButothernewresearchcommissionedfortheBBC,saysthatadegreewill,inthelongrun,earnyoumore.Howevertherearedifferencesinyourearningpotential.DrJackBrittonfromtheInstituteforFiscalStudiessaysthat"Graduatesofthe24RussellGroupuniversitiesearnanaverageof￡33,500afterfiveyears-about40%morethanthosewhostudiedatotheruniversities."However,itfoundit'snotjustthelocationbutotherfactorsthancanplayapartinwhatyoucanearn,suchasthesubjectastudentchoosestostudy.Itdiscoveredthatfiveyearsaftergraduation,theincomegapbetweenstudentswhostudiedthesubjectsthat請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。Thatdogdoesn'thaveanownersocomeawayimmediately.Can'tyouseeit'sastray?Itmighthaveadisease.Quickly,nurse.He'sgoingintocardiacarrest.Getmethedefibrillator.Hewon'tbite,buthedoesn'tlikebeingtouched.It'sdowntohislastowner,whousedtobeathim.Howcanyounotseeit?There/samarkeddifferencebetweenthefirstpictureandthesecond!!Pleasestopsmoking,son.Itgoeshand-in-handwithcancerandyoudon/twantthat.attractthehighestandlowestsalariescanbeconsiderable.Graduatesinsubjectssuchaslaw,medicineanddentistrytendtodowell.Andastheyprogress,thepaygapbetweenthesecareersandothers,suchasthecreativearts,widens.Thereareotherfactorstoothatinfluencewhatyoumightearn:Fiveyearsaftergraduation,menearnonaverage,14%morethanwomen.Also,astudent'ssocialbackgroundcanhaveaneffect,withthosefrombetter-offhouseholdsmuchmorelikelytogotouniversityandparticularlyagoodone.ButifyoustillfeeluniversitydeliversthebestopportunitiesthenthereareencouragingwordsfromAlistairJarvis,headofUniversitiesUK,whotoldBBCNewsthat"Employersaredemandingmoregraduates...andgraduatesarehalfaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.Therearemanymanygoodgraduateoutcomescomingfromuniversities."Somaybeallthatstudyingisworthit-afterall'nopain,nogain'!二、詞匯表assignment作業sweatitout如坐針氈地等待（考試）結束career職業，事業graduate畢業生overqualified資歷過高的spirallingcosts急劇上升的費用vocational職業的inthelongrun從長遠看RussellGroup羅素大學集團incomegap收入差law法律medicine醫學dentistry牙科creativearts倉!J意藝術socialbackground社會家庭背景outcome結果nopain,nogain一份耕耘,一份收獲三、測試與練習閱讀課文并回答問題。Accordingtothearticle,whymightyouquestionwhethertogotouniversityornot?Wherehasresearchfoundyoushouldstudytoearnmoremoneyinyourcareer?Trueorfalse?Studyingcreativeartsatuniversitytendstoleadtoalower-earningcareerthanfromstudyingdentistry.Whichwordusedinthearticle,means'haveaneffecton(something)1?AccordingtoAlistairJarvis,headofUniversitiesUK,istherelessormorechanceofbeingunemployedifyouhaveadegree?請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。MandeepfeltwhenshegraduatedfromOxfordandgotajobstackingshelvesinasupermarket.underqualifiedqualifiedover-qualificationoverqualifiedBuyingapairofbootsisinmylongcareerinfootball.afirststepinthelongrunnopain,nogainvocationalThegovernmenthascomeupwithaplantotacklethewideningbetweenrichandpoor.outcomesincomegapspirallingcostsmedicineIfyouwanttowinthemarathon,you'regoingtohavetotrainhardbutit'sacaseof.nogain,nopainnogainorpainnopain,nogainnotpain,notpainBecauseofthe,wecannolongeraffordtofinishthebuildingproject.socialbackgroundspirallingcostsincomegaplaw【參考答案】閱讀課文并回答問題。Accordingtothearticle,whymightyouquestionwhethertogotouniversityornot?Thespirallingcosts:TheCharteredInstituteforPersonnelandDevelopmentsaysthatwiththespirallingcostsofuniversity,studentsneedtoaskthemselveswhetheradegreepathisthebestrouteintoacareer.Wherehasresearchfoundyoushouldstudytoearnmoremoneyinyourcareer?AtRussellGroupuniversities.DrJackBrittonfromtheInstituteforFiscalStudiessaysthat"Graduatesofthe24RussellGroupuniversitiesearnanaverageof￡33,500afterfiveyears-about40%morethanthosewhostudiedatotheruniversities."Trueorfalse?Studyingcreativeartsatuniversitytendstoleadtoalower-earningcareerthanfromstudyingdentistry.True.Graduatesinsubjectssuchaslaw,medicineanddentistrytendtodowell.Andastheyprogress,thepaygapbetweenthesecareersandothers,suchasthecreativearts,widens.Whichwordusedinthearticle,means'haveaneffecton(something),?Influence.AccordingtoAlistairJarvis,headofUniversitiesUK,istherelessormorechanceofbeingunemployedifyouhaveadegree?Lesschance.Hesays"graduatesarehalfaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates."請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。MandeepfeltoverqualifiedwhenshegraduatedfromOxfordandgotajobstackingshelvesinasupermarket.Buyingapairofbootsisafirststepinmylongcareerinfootball.Thegovernmenthascomeupwithaplantotacklethewideningincomegapbetweenrichandpoor.Ifyouwanttowinthemarathon,you'regoingtohavetotrainhardbutit'sacaseofnopain,nogain.Becauseofthespirallingcosts,wecannolongeraffordtofinishthebuildingproject.養狗能保護我們的心臟健康導讀：有人說養寵物對人類身心健康有好處，那么養狗真的可以讓人健康長壽嗎？據一項最近調查顯示，狗主人患心血管疾病的可能性要遠低于不養狗的人。這是為什么呢？這項調查的結果可信嗎？本集《外刊精讀》探討養狗和人類心臟健康之間的聯系。一、語篇泛讀Vocabulary:dogsandhearts詞匯：犬和心臟Asadoglover,ourcaninecompanionsalwaysfillmewithjoy.Whetherpedigreeormongrel,tameorstray,wheneverIseeone,Ismile.Afterall,theirloyaltyisindisputable,theircompanionshipisalwayswelcome,theyfetchforus,guardforusandevenworkforuswhenrequired.GoodoldFidohasalwaysbeenclosetomy,andmanyother'shearts.Well,notcontentwithjustwarmingthecocklesofyourheart,itseemsthatourfour-legged-friendsactuallylowertheriskofcardiovasculardisease,accordingtoa2017scientificstudy,whichlookedat3.4millionSwedesfrom2001to2012.Thestudyconcludedthatthislowerrisk,whichwasparticularlyevidentinownersofhuntingbreeds,maynotjustbeduetotheincreasedphysicalactivitythatgoeshand-in-handwithowningadog,butcouldalsobedowntodogsincreasingtheowner'ssocialcontact,orbychangingtheowner'sbacterialmicrobiome,whichisthecollectionofmicroscopicspeciesthatliveinthegut.Dogschangethedirtinhomeenvironmentsandthereforeexposepeopletobacteriathattheywouldotherwisenotencounter.Theseeffectswereparticularlymarkedinthosewholivedontheirlonesome.AccordingtoMwenyaMubangaofUppsalaUniversityandleadauthorofthestudy,“singledogownershada33%reductioninriskofdeathandan11%reductioninriskofcardiacarrestcomparedtosinglenon-owners//However,beforeyourheartskipsabeat,ToveFall,seniorauthorofthestudy,alsoaddsthattheremaybelimitations.Itzspossiblethatthedifferencesbetweenownersandnon-owners,whichalreadyexistedbeforethedogwasbought,couldhaveinfluencedtheresults-orthatpeoplewhoaregenerallymoreactivealsotendtogetadoganyway.Itseemsthattheresultsarenotasclearcutastheyinitiallyappeartobe,butasfarasKmconcerned,that'sok.Ilovedogsforhowtheymakemefeeland,cardiovascularbenefitsornot,they'llalwaysbetopdogtome-crossmyheart.二、詞匯表canine犬的pedigree（動物）純種mongrel雜種狗tame（尤指動物）溫順的stray流浪的companionship陪伴,友誼fetch拿來,取回,guard守衛，保護Fido對寵物狗的一個通用名稱closetoone'sheart貼近某人的心warmthecocklesofyourheart溫暖你的內心cardiovascular心血管的breed（動物）品種physicalactivity體育運動socialcontact社會關系,社會往來bacterialmicrobiome細菌微生物群gut腸道onone?slonesome單獨的,獨自的cardiacarrest心臟停搏yourheartskipsabeat（形容緊張或興奮）心跳停了一下topdog最好的狗，勝利者crossmyheart我保證所說屬實三、測試與練習閱讀課文并回答問題。Whatreasonsdoestheauthorgiveforlovingdogs?Whendidthestudymentionedinthearticletakeplaceandwhowereitsparticipants?Whichthreereasonsaregivenforadogreducingaperson'scardiovascularrisk?Trueorfalse?Single-householddogownersseenohealthbenefitscomparedtosingle-householdnon-owners.Whatlimitationsarementionedthatcouldaffecttheresultsofthestudy?請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。Thatdogdoesn/thaveanownersocomeawayimmediately.Can'tyouseeit'sa?Itmighthaveadisease!tameFidostraymongrelQuickly,nurse.He'sgoinginto.Getmethedefibrillator!microbiometopdogcaninecardiacarrestHewon'tbite,buthedoesn/tlikebeingtouched.It'shislastowner,whousedtobeathim.crossmyheartdowntoclearcutbreedsHowcanyounotseeit?There'sadifferencebetweenthefirstpictureandthesecond!markedgutmarkedguthand-in-handtamePleasestopsmoking,son.Itgoeswithcancerandyoudon'twantthat.skipsabeatcrossmyheartontheirlonesomehand-in-hand【參考答案】閱讀課文并回答問題。