考生考生編號考生考生編號1530編號”等信息。PartPartPartPartPart104010151015100SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Whyisobesityhappening?Theobvious,clichéd-but-trueansweristhatweeattoomuchhigh-caloriefoodanddon’tburnit1withenoughexercise.Ifonlywehadmore2,theproblemwouldgoaway.Butitisn’t3easy.When4aboutthedangersofovereating,wegetbriefly5andtrytodobetter.Thenwe’reofferedatefulofpancakes6inmaplesyrup,ourappetite7ourreason,andbeforeweknowit,we’re8itagain.Justwhyisappetitesuchapowerfuldriverofbehavior,and,moreimportant,howcanwe9it?Withinthepastfewyears,sciencehas10ourgreedyappetitestogenesandhormones.Amongthehormonesthat11theseurgesareghrelinandleptin,knownasthe“hungerhormones”.12isproducedmostlybycellsinthestomachliningwhosejobistomakeyoufeelhungrybyaffectingthehypothalamus,whichernsmetabolism.Ghrelinlevelsriseindieterswholoseweightandthentrytokeepitoff.It’salmost13theirbodiesaretryingtoregainthelostfat.Thisisonereasonwhyit’shardtoloseweightandmaintaintheloss.14,leptinturnsyourappetite15andismadebyfatcells.Lowleptinlevelsincreaseyourappetiteand16yourbodytostoremorefatwhilehighleptinlevelsrelaythe17signal.Manyobesepeoplehavedevelopeda18theappetite-suppressingeffectofleptinandneverfeelsatisfied,19muchtheyeat.Basically,yourbodyusesthesehormonestohelpyoustayatyourweightandkeepyoufromlosingfat—whichis20reasonwhydietingcanbesodifficult..5.6.totobe7.8.9.［D］［D］aseveneven［D］as［D］［C］［C］［C］［C］a［C］SectionIIReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Overthenextfewdecadesglobalelectricityconsumptionisexpectedtodouble.Atthesametime,manypowerntsinrichcountries,builtbackinthe1960sand1970s,arenearingtheendoftheirprojectedlifespans.Meanwhile,concernisswellingbothaboutglobalwarming,andabouttheWesternworld’sincreasingdependenceonashrinkingnumberofhostileorunstablecountriesforimportsofoilandgas.Thesolutiontothisconundrum,intheeyesofmanyernments,isnuclearAroundtheworld,31reactorsareunderconstructionandmanymoreareinthenningstages.Therearegoodreasonsforthisenthusiasm.Nuclearreactorsemitalmostnoneofthegreenhousegasesresponsibleforglobalwarming.Theyarefuelledbyuranium,whichisrelativelyabundantandisavailablefrommanysources,includingreassuringlystablecessuchasCanadaandAustralia.Buttherearealsogoodreasonsforskepticism.Nuclearntsareexpensive:eachcancostseveralbilliondollarstobuild.Worse,inthepast,ill-conceiveddesigns,safetyscaresandtheregulatorydelaystheygaverisetomadenuclearntsevenmorecostlythantheirheftypricetagssuggest.Vendorsofnewnuclearnts,suchasAreva,GeneralElectric(GE),HitachiandWestinghouse,arguethatthingsaredifferentnow.Thelatestdesignsincorporatesuggestionsfromutilitiesandoperatorswithdecadesofexperience,andshould,theircreatorssay,makenewntssaferandeasiertooperate.Theybelievethesimplernewreactors,withtheirlongerlifespansandreducedmaintenancecosts,willalsoimprovetheeconomicsoftheindustry.Thelatestgenerationofreactors,whichevolvedfrommodelsconstructedinthe1970sand1980s,includeimportantimprovementsoverpriordesigns.Westinghouse’snewAP1000,forexample,has“passivesafety”systemsthatcanpreventameownduringanemergencywithoutoperatorintervention.Intheend,thedeploymentofnewnuclearreactorswilldependonmanyfactors,includingsuccessfulwasteandproliferationmanagement,improvedeconomics,andperhapsmostimportant,convincingthepublicthatnuclearreactorscanbeoperatedsafely.Despitetheseobstacles,thereisanundeniablemoodofoptimismintheindustry.Whetherthatwillbeenoughtosparkthedeploymentofthehundredsofreactorsthatwillbeneededtohelpmitigatetheeffectsofglobalwarmingremainstobeseen,cautionsRichardLester,aprofessorofnuclearscienceandengineeringatMIT.WeretheretobeanotherdisasterlikeChernobyl,orasuccessfulterroristattackonanuclearnt,allbetswouldbeoff.Butfornowmostpeopleintheindustryagreethatnuclearpower’sprospectslookbrighterthantheyhaveinalongtime.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasamajorreasonfornuclear［A］Climate［B］Insecurityinthesupplyoffossil［C］LackofpowerntsintheWestern［D］SafernuclearpowerUnlikefossil ［A］uraniumischeaperto［B］uraniumcomesfromstable［C］nuclearpowerislesscostlybut［D］nuclearpowerneedslesssophisticatedWelearnfromParagraph3 ［A］innovationintechnologyhelpstobringaboutthenuclear［B］GeneralElectrichasthelatestdesignofnuclear［C］thelatestreactorsdonotneedhumaninterventionforits［D］thedevelopmentofnuclearpowerimproveseconomic ［A］whatremediesvendorshaveaddedtotheoldmodelsof［B］whathasbeendonebyvendorstomakenuclearnts［C］howunnecessarymaintenancestaffisinthenewlydesigned［D］whyitisnecessarytokeepascepticalattitudetonewWecanconcludethatthebiggestobstacletothepopularityofnuclearpower ［A］ ［B］technology［C］ ［D］Theimmunesystemisequalincomplexitytothecombinedintricaciesofthebrainandnervoussystem.Thesuccessoftheimmunesystemindefendingthebodyreliesonadynamicregulatorycommunicationsnetworkconsistingofmillionsofcells.Organizedintosetsandsubsets,thesecellspassinformationbackandforthlikecloudsofbeesswarmingaroundahive.Theresultisasensitivesystemofchecksandbalancesthatproducesanimmuneresponsethatisprompt,appropriate,effectiveandself-limiting.Attheheartoftheimmunesystemistheabilitytodistinguishbetweenselfandnon-self.Whenimmunedefendersencountercellsororganismscarryingforeignornon-selfmolecules,theimmunetroopsmovequicklytoeliminatetheinvaders.Virtuallyeverybodycellcarriesdistinctivemoleculesthatidentifyitasself.Thebody'simmunedefensesdonotnormallyattacktissuesthatcarryaselfmarker.Rather,immunecellsandotherbodycellscoexistpeaceablyinastateknownasself-tolerance.Whenanormallyfunctioningimmunesystemattacksanon-selfmolecule,thesystemhastheabilitytorememberthespecificsoftheforeignbody.Uponsubsequentencounterswiththesamespeciesofmolecule,theimmunesystemreactsaccordingly.Withthepossibleexceptionofantibodiespassedduringlactation,thisso-calledimmunesystemmemoryisnotinherited.Despitetheoccurrenceofainyourfamily,yourimmunesystemmustlearnfromexperiencewiththemanymillionsofdistinctivenon-selfmoleculesintheseaofmicrobesinwhichwelive,learningnecessitatesproducingtheappropriatemoleculesandcellstomatchupwithandcouncteachnon-selfinvader.Anysubstancecapableofstimulatinganimmuneresponseiscalledanantigen.Tissuesorcellsfromanotherindividual(exceptanidenticaltwin,whosecellscarryidenticalself-markers)actas;becausetheimmunesystemrecognizestransntedtissuesasforeign,itrejectsthem.Thebodywillevenrejectnourishingproteinsunlesstheyarefirstbrokendownbythedigestivesystemintotheirprimary,non-antigenicbuildingblocks.Anantigenannouncesitsforeignnessbymeansofintricateandcharacteristicshapescalledepitomes,whichstickoutfromitssurface.Most,eventhesimplestmicrobes,carryseveraldifferentkindsofepitomesontheirsurface,somemayevencarryseveralhundred.Someepitomeswillbemoreeffectivethanothersatstimulatinganimmuneresponse.Onlyinabnormalsituationsdoestheimmunesystemwronglyidentifyselfasnon-selfandexecuteamisdirectedimmuneattack.Theresultcanbeso-calledautoimmunedisease.Thepainfulsideeffectsofthesediseasesarecausedbya'simmunesystemactuallyattackingitself.Weknowfromthetextthattheimmune［A］isnolesscomplicatedthanthenervous［B］farexceedsthehumanbrainin［C］isenclosedbynumeroussensitive［D］resultsinaneffectivecommunicationsTheprincipaltaskoftheimmunesystemis［A］recognizeandeliminateallforeignmoleculesthatenterthe［B］removeallthesubstancesthatinvadethebody［C］defendthebodyfromtheattacksofdifferentesand［D］identifyandspecifyallnon-selfmoleculesitTherememberingpowerof 'simmunesystem［A］mostlydescendedfromhis/her［B］partiallypasseddownfromhis/her［C］mainlyacquiredthroughfightingagainstforeign［D］basicallygeneratedbyitscommunicationsAtissuetransntedfromfathertodaughterwouldbelessacceptablethanthattransntedbetweentwinsbecause＿＿＿.［A］theagesofthetwins'tissuesareexactly［B］thetwins'tissueshavewiththemthesameself-［C］thefatheranddaughteraredifferent［D］thetwins'immunesystemspossessidenticalThemainideaofthetextmaybegeneralized［A］thesuccessoftheimmunesystemindistinguishingforeign［B］thenormalandabnormalactivitiesoftheimmunesysteminthe［C］theunfavorableeffectsoftheimmunesystemonorgantrans［D］theessentialdutiesoftheimmunesysteminguardingthe Manyfreshmenarriveoncampusdepressedandanxiousandfeelworseastheyearprogresses.Atthesametime,collegesmustalsonegotiatethelegalandemotionalpitfallsofcaringfortheircharges,notchildrenbutnotyetfullyadults.“Thisisanagegroupthat’stricky,”saysDeWittCrosby,apsychologistatDavidsonCollegeinNorthCarolina.“Theyareadultsbylaw,butthey’restilldealingwithmakingdecisionsontheirown.”Thenumberoffreshmenreportinglessthanaverageemotionalhealthhasbeensteadilyrisingsince1985.TheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociationreportsthat76percentofstudentsfelt“overwhelmed”while22percentweresometimessodepressedtheycouldn’tfunction.“Iseemoreandmorestudentswithlong-standingeatingdisorders,studentswithanumberofboutsofdepression,studentswithamajortraumaintheirhistory,andstudentswithsubstantialalityproblemsthatinterferewithfunctioning,”saysCrosby.Collegethesciteseveralreasonsfortheapparentdeteriorationinstudentmentalhealth.Notonlyhasthisgenerationgrownupinthemuch-malignederaofthedisintegratingAmericanfamily,itisalsomoreusedtotherapyandsomorelikelytoseekhelp.Ascompetitiontogetintocollegegetstougher,studentsburnoutbeforetheyevengetthere.Andkidswithseverepsychologicalproblems,whointhepastwouldn’tevenhavemadeittocollege,nowtakethathelpthemCollegesfirstcreatedcounselingcentersforstudentswhoneededcareerandacademicadvice.Theballooningcaseloadsmeanthereisn’tthetimeorthestafftoofferlong-termtherapytoanybutthemosttroubled.“Youcan’tloadupwiththefirst100studentsandseethemregularlywithouthavingopeningsfornewpeople,”saysGallagher.Instead,collegesfocusongettingstudentsoverimmediatecrises.NearlyhalfoftheschoolsthatGallaghersurveyslimitsthenumberofsessions,withthelimitsrangingfromaboutfourto12.OneYalestudentsufferingfromanxietyduringhissophomoreyearrarelysawthesamecounselortwice.“Itfeltlikethe Iwastalkingtowasn’treallythere,”hesays.Someschoolshavetriedfillingthegapbygettingmoreinvolvedinstudents’lives.MITisputtingtogethersupportteamsofphysicians,otherhealth-careprofessionals,andexperiencedcounselorstospendtimeinthedorms,socializingwiththestudentsandkeeaneyeonthem.Sowheredoparentsfitinallthis?Inmanycase,theydon’t.Federalprivacylawsreintheseparationbyforbiddingthereleaseofeducationalrecordstoanyonebythestudent.Sodespitethoselargetuitionchecks,parentsotherdon’tgetafullpictureofwhattheirchildren’slivesarereallylike.The“pitfall”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobably ［C］astrongManycollegestudentsareinpoormentalhealthpartially ［A］theywerebornwithsome ality［B］theycannotstanduptovariouskindsof［C］theyaremorelikelytoturntotheirparentsfor［D］theirparents’marriagetendstoendupwithBygivingtheexampleofaYalestudent(Paragraph4),theauthorsuggests ［A］theexpertsincounselingcentersaretoobusytoshow［B］Thereisalackofexpertswhocangivestudentsgood［C］someexpertsincounselingcenterslackprofessional［D］Yalelagsbehindinprovidingtimelytreatmentforits ［B］they’renotallowedtopeepattheirchildren’s［C］they’reunabletoknowthechildren’sacademic［D］they’reallowedtopayformostofthechildren’sQuestion:Whendoesriskaversion eriskybehavior?Answer:Whenyouarealargefinancialinstitutionintoday’sworld,especiallyabehemothbanklikeJPMorganChase,attemptingtonavigatebothintricateregulationsandshareholderdemandforendlessprofit.HownottosolvethatconundrumwasevidencedlastweekwhentheuntilnowlaudedCEOofJPMorganChase,JamieDimon,announcedlossesof＄2billioninaninternalfunddesignedto,ofallthings,preventlosses.Butthisisn’tjustastoryofDimonlosinghisluster.Facedwithnewdictatesontradingandcapital,combinedwiththedragofbadloansandtheslowU.S.housingmarket,bankshavebeenhoardingcashandcomingupwithinnovativeattemptstonotloseanymoremoney.Yetinthisefforttoavoidlossandsteerclearofrisk,theyhavecedthemselvesinpreciselythesamerisk-taking,loss-courtingposition.Thereisnosuchthingasalunchandnosuchthingasbankingwithoutbets.Financialinstitutionshavebeentrippedupbysoftwareenabledderivativeswitharcanenames(Goldman’sAbacusproductthatbundledcreditdefaultobligations,orCDOs—huh?),illfatedgambles(likethebetonEuropeandebtthatsankMFGlobalanditsCEO,formerNewJerseyernorJonCorzine)andrisktakingtraders.Whenthingsgoawry,theyareinvariablydescribedas“rogues”—theNickLeesons(Barings),JérêmeKerviels(SociétéGénérale),andKwekuAdobolisofthisworld.InthecaseofJPMorganChase,thecurrentmeownseemslinked,insomeway,toaLondontraderknownalternayas“thewhale”or“Voldemort”fortheeverlarger,everriskiertradeshecedinanmisguidedpursuitofthiscentralstrategytomitigatelossanddecreaserisk.Dimonblamedthe＄2billiontradinglosson“errors,sloppiness,andbadjudgment”andsoundedanominousnote,sayingit“couldgetworse”.Butwhatisreallyworse:riskybusinessoryingitsafe?Becauseiftheyearsbefore2008werecharacterizedbythebeliefthatgainswereeasyandultimategainstheultimategoal,givingrisetoextremerisktakingbehavior,ourrealitynow,conversely,ischaracterizedbytheconvictionthatlosseslieinwaiteverywhere—thatgreedisbadandriskaversionistheholypathtofollow.Asaresult,bankseverywhere—butespeciallyinEuropeandtheUnitedStates—hoardmoreandlendless.Theyblameregulators,and,indeed,thethicketofcomplicated,illconceivedregulationbearssomeresponsibility.Butbadlydesignedrulesareonlypartlytoblame.Banksonlymakemoney,andtheoveralleconomyonlythrivesandhums,whenmoneyisinmotion.Smallbusinessesneedloans,consumersneedcredit,homeownersneedmortgages,andinfrastructureneedsfinancing.Ifbanksaresoloathtoexposetheirpreciouscapitaltolosses,allofthoseactivitiesareimperiled,andthenso,too,isthevibrancyofoureconomy.WhatJPMorganChaseteachesusisthatthefinancialworldhasswungfromthepromiscuouspursuitofobsceneprofittotherelentlessobsessionwithguardingagainstrisk,astrategythatresemblesdriving40perhourinthefastlane.Youmaynotcrash,butyou’regonnagethit.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelossesof＄2billionofJPMorganChaseis［A］Intricateregulationsandshareholderdemandforendlessprofitledtothe［B］Dimon’sreputationwasruinedbecauseofthe［C］theannouncedlossesresultinJPMorganChase’sattempttomakeupforitsloss［D］Riskwillbe withanyattempttakenbyJPMorganTheauthorconsidersthatbankshavebeenhoardingmoneyandmakingeffortstopreventlossesas ［A］areactiontothenew［B］ameaninglessactionasseekinga［C］lossornotwillbeinfluencedbythe［D］thefeaturesofbankingwithbetscannotbeAccordingtotheauthor,aLondontraderislinkedtothelossesofJPMorganChasein ［A］thetradeswerekeptincreasinglylargeand［B］thetraderwasnotconsiderateenoughandmadewrong［C］thesituationcouldget［D］thetraderpraisedthestrategyofriskaversionTheextremeriskytaking ［A］isworsethanriskyaversion［B］isbetterthanriskyaversion［C］originatesfromtheconvictionbefore2008thatthelargerthegoalis,thelargerthegains［D］isbecauseofthehumannatureofbeingAccordingtothethird ［A］thebadlydesignedregulationsresultinthebanksattemptstoprevent［B］thevibrancyofoureconomyispositiverelatedtotheamountofbank［C］JPMorganChase’sstrategyofgivingupprofitstopreventlosseswon’t［D］banksshouldemployabalancedstrategybetweenriskytakingbehaviorandpreventingPartYouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutundergroundhomes.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41—45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)［A］City edthe［B］Demandsonspaceandenergyare［C］nsforfuture［D］Worldwideexamplesofunderground ［E］Develoundergroundworld［F］HomessoldbeforeThefirstanybodyknewaboutDutanFrankSiegmundandhisfamilywaswhenworkmentramthroughafieldfoundanarrowsteelchimneyprotrudingthroughthegrass.Closerinspectionrevealedachinkofsky—lightwindowamongthethistles,andwhenamazedinvestigatorsmoveddownthesideofthehilltheycameacrossapinedoorcompletewithleadeddiamondglassandabrassknockersetintoanundergroundbuilding.TheSiegmundsarethelatestinaclutchofindividulistichomemakerswhohaveburrowedundergroundinsearchoftranquillity.41.Most,fallingfoulofstrictbuildingregulations,havebeendtodismantletheirindividualistichomesandreturntomoreconventionallifestyles.Butsubterraneansuburbia,Dutch—style,isabout erespectableandchic.Sevenluxuryhomescossetedawayinsideahighearth—coverednoiseembankmentnexttothemainTilburgcityroadrecentlywentonthemarketfor＄296,500each.Thefoundationshadyettobedug,butcustomersqueueduptobuythepart—submergedhouses,whosebackwallconsistsofagrassymoundandwhosefrontisalongglassgallery.TheDutcharenottheonlywouldbemoles.GrowingnumbersofEuropeansareburrowingbelowgroundtocreatehouses,offices,discosandshopmalls,Itisalreadyprovingawayoflifeinextremeclimates;inwintermonthsinMontreal,Canada,forinstance,citizenscanescapethecoldinanundergroundcomplexcompletewithshopsandevenhealthclinics.InTokyobuildersarenningamassiveundergroundcitytobebeguninthenextdecade,andundergroundshopmallsarealreadycommoninJapan,where90percentofthepopulationinsqueezedinto20percentofthelandspace.Therearebigadvantages,too,whenitcomestoprivatehomes.Adevelopmentof194houseswhichwouldtakeup14hectaresoflandabovegroundwouldoccupy2.7hectaresbelowit,whilethenumberofroadswouldbehalved.Underseveralmetersofearth,noiseisminimalandinsulationisexcellent.PeterCarpenter,secretaryoftheBritishEarthShelteringAssociation,andanundergrounddwellerhimself,sayshehasneverpaidaheatingbill,thankstosolarpanelsandnaturalinsulationinhishome.InEurope,theobstaclehasbeenconservativelocal anddeveloperswhoprefertoensurequicksaleswithconventionalmassproducedhousing.ButtheDutchdevelopmentwasgreetedwithundisguisedreliefbySouthLimburgnnersbecauseofHolland'schronicshortageofland.“Theyarenotsomuchbelowtheearthasinit,”JoHurkmans,aTilburgarchitect,says.“Allthelightwillcomethroughtheglassfront,whichrunsfromthesecondfloorceilingtotheground.Areaswhichdonotneedmuchnaturallightingaretheback.Theliving modationistothefrontsonobodynoticesthatthebackisdark.”IntheUS,whereenergy—efficienthomesbecamepopularaftertheoilcrisisof1973,10,000undergroundhouseshavebeenbuilt.Aterraceoffivehomes,Britain'sfirstsubterraneandevelopment,isunderwayinNottinghamshire.Italy'soutstandingexampleofsubterraneanarchitectureistheOlivettiresidentialcenterinIvrea.CommissionedbyRobertoOlivettiin1969,itcomprises82one—bed—roomedapartmentsand12maisonettesandformsahouse/hoforOlivettiemployees.Itisbuiltintoahillandlittlecanbeseenfromoutsideexceptaglassfacade.PatriziaVallecchi,aresidentsince1992,saysitislittledifferentfromlivinginaconventionalNoteveryoneadaptssowell,andinJapanscientistsattheShimizuCorporationhavedevelopedspacecreation’systemwhichmixlight,sound,breezesandscentstosimulatepeoplewhospendlongperiodsbelowground.UndergroundofficesinJapanarebeingequippedwith‘virtual’windowsandmirrors,whileundergrounddepartmentsintheUniversityofMinnesotahaveperiscopestoreflectviewsandlight.ButFrankSiegmundandhisfamilylovetheirhobbitlifestyle.“Wefeltatpeaceandsoclosetonature,”hesays.PartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto .YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)(46)Withinthemodernstudyofreligion,thedivisionbetweenphilosophyofreligionandthehistoryofreligions—longregardedasatruisminsofarasitreflectsthedistinctionbetweenuniversaland eincreasinglyblurredinrecentyearswiththegrowinginfluenceofculturalandcriticaltheoryonthehumanitiesandsocialsciences.Unliketheearlierparadigmaticsplitbetweentheologyandanthropology(orsocialsciencemethodology),culturaltheoryhashelpednotonlytodismantlewellworndualismssuchasreligion/politics,theism/atheism,sacred/secular,butmoreimportantlyhashelpedtonarrowthegapbetweenacademicpracticesandculturalpracticessuchasreligionthatscholarsseektostudy.(47)Thatistosay,culturaltheoryhassimultaneouslyproblematizedandchallengedessentialistandtheologicaltendencies(suchasdreamsofabsoluteprinciples,supernaturalorigins,ahistorical ,puretraditionsetc.)aswellasscholars’claimstomethodologicalobjectivityandimpartiality,sincetheacademyfarfrombeingasiteofneutralvalue- ysis,isitselfthoroughlyimplicatedinculturalrealities.Indeedinwhatmightseenasareversalofcriticaltheory’satheisticrootsinthe“mastersofsuspicion”contemporaryculturaltheoryhasbeenadaptedbyscholarsnotonlytosuccessfullydisputetheatheisticpresuppositionsofmodernsecularthinkinginthesocialsciences,therebyrevitalizingreligiousandtheologicalreflectionintheChristianandJudaictraditions,but,moresurprisinglyperhaps,ithaslegitimizedtheuseofphenomenafromtheseparticulartraditionsasresourcesforcriticalthinkingaboutreligionperse.(48)Bycontrast,however,theeffectsofcriticaltheoryonthestudyofnonWesternreligionshasnotonlybeenfarmoremodest;inmanycasesitseemsalsotohavehadpreciselytheoppositeeffect.InthestudyofSouthAsianreligions,forexample,theeffectofcriticaltheoryseemstohavereindthepriorityofthesecular.Inhisrecentwork“ProvincialisingEurope”DipeshChakrabartypointsouttheverydifferentinterventionsofcriticaltheoryinthetwotraditions.(49)WhereasintheWesterninlectualtraditionsfundamentalthinkerswhoarelongdeadandgonearetreatednotonlyaspeoplebelongingtotheirowntimesbutalsoasthoughtheywereourcontemporaries,thethinkersandtraditionsofSouthAsia,onceunbrokenandaliveintheirnativelanguages,arenowmattersofhistoricalresearch.Thesetraditionsaretreatedastrulydead,ashistory.Fewifanysocialscientistsworkinginthehistoryofreligionswouldevertrytomaketheconceptsofthesetraditionsintoresourcesforcontemporarycriticaltheory.(50)Andyet“pastWesternthinkersandtheircategoriesareneverquitedeadforusinthesameway.SouthAsiansocialscientistswouldarguepassionaywithaMarxoraWeberwithoutfeelinganyneedtohistoricizethemortocethemintheirEuropeaninlectualcontexts”.Section Supposeyouareacoordinatorofonebigconference,writealettertoinviteprofessorWanginadifferentuniversitytoattendtheconference.ThepurposeoftheThedetailofthemeetingandwhatheorsheisexpectedtoYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHETDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”Donotwritetheaddress.(10PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1）describethedrawingbriefly,exinitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20Section Useof【文章難句】Amongthehormonesthatfueltheseurgesareghrelinandleptinknownasthe“hungerhormones”.序為ghrelinandleptinareamongthehormones。thatfueltheseurges為定語從【文章難句】Theformerisproducedmostlybycellsinthestomachliningwhosejobistomakeyoufeelhungrybyaffectingthehypothalamus, erns【結構分析】本句主干為Thestomachlining為介cells，whosejobistomakeyoufeelhungrybyaffectingthehypothalamus為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞cellsinthestomachlining，【解析】A. B. C. D.“我們吃太多高熱量食物并且沒有進行足夠的運動消耗它”，所以正確答案為A。【解析】A.horsepower（馬力 B.willpower（毅力，意志力C.power（力量，權力 D.powder（粉末， 更強大這個問題便迎刃而解了正確答案應為B，只【解析】A.this（這個 B.the（那C.such（這樣的，這種 D.that（那個，高度，非常形容詞easy，其他三個選項都為代詞，后面不能跟形容詞。【解析】A.reminded（提醒,使想起 B.warned（警告C.recalling（回憶，回想 D.warning（警告為B。【解析】A.spooked（驚嚇 B.spoofed（哄騙C.spooled（纏繞 D.spooned（用匙舀..Ctosmother（將厚厚地覆蓋的）Dtobesmothered（將被厚厚地覆蓋的此處考查的是非謂語動詞作后置定語，選項A現在分詞做后置定語，表面該動詞是由被修C不定式作后置定語，說明該動作還沒完成，將由被修飾詞以后完成，顯然，給我們吃的煎餅應該是已經涂好槭糖漿的，所以C也不是正確答案。D選項同樣是不定式做后置定語，相當于定語從句“pancakeswhicharesmotheredinmaplesyrup”。【解析】A.defeats（擊敗，戰勝，使失敗 B.conquers（征服，占領，克服 es（戰勝，克服 D.subdues（征服，抑制志力不夠強大，所以見了美食，肯定是食欲大增，將減肥拋之腦后“defeat”多指在、 【解析】A. B. C. D.候，我們又重蹈了”，正確答案為選項B。【解析】A.deprive（，使喪失 B.alleviate（減輕C.tame（馴養，，抑制，使……緩和）D.transform（改變，改造）它？”食欲大容易導致肥胖癥，所以需要加以控制，正確答案為選項C。【解析】A.associated（聯合，聯想 B.connected（連接，聯合C.linked（連接 D.combined（聯合，結合CtoC【解析】A.provoke（激怒，挑撥， B.fuel（加，激起C.encourage（激勵，促進 D.instigate（唆使，慫恿根據原文意思“這些的激素有胃促生長素和消瘦素，也被稱作‘饑餓激素，橫線上應該填的單詞意為“引起，激起。選項A“provoke”指挑唆或，，常涉及一些行為。這三個選項皆不合題意，只有B選項有“引起，激起”【解析】A.former（前者的，從前的 B.formal（正式的，形式的Cpreliminary（預備的，初步的）Dinitiatory（開始的，創始的，啟蒙的）theseurgesareghrelinandleptin”，theformer（前者）即為ghrelin（胃促生長素。【解析】Aasif（好像）Bevenif（即使）Ceventhough（即使）Dasthough（好像）句，不可能放在be動詞之后做表語從句，故排除這兩個選項。選項AasifBas且努力維持減肥效果”前提下是不可能實現的，所以正確答案為A。 【解析】A.However（然而，可是 B.While（當……的時候，雖然C.Meanwhile（同時 D.Subsequently（后來，隨后三段中胃促生長素對于食欲的影響剛剛相反，所以兩段之間有轉折之意，故A為正確答 B. C. D.去去【解析】A.sign（簽名，簽署 B.signalize（使著名，使顯著Csignal（向……發信號，以信號告知）Dsignify（表示，意味【解析】A.similar（相似的，類似的） ogical（相似的，類推的Copposite（對立的，相反的）Ddisproportionate（不成比例的 B. C. D.to”，故正確答案為A。【解析】Awhichever（無論哪一個，任何一個Cwhatever（無論什么，任何東西Dwhoever（任何人，無論誰whatever，whoever都不能修飾橫線之后的much，故正確答案為B。【解析】Aone（一個）Ba（一個）Cthe（那個）Danother（另一個第三段尾句提到“Thisisonereasonwhyit’shardtoloseweightandmaintaintheloss.（這是為項D。Section ReadingPart

70年代建造的電站也已經接近其預期的終點。全球氣候變暖，西方在石油和天然氣的全球有31個核反應堆正在建設中，有正在籌劃建設中。這股建設熱潮的出現有其Areva，通用電氣（GEHitach207080年代建造的核反應堆發展而來，在原設計的基礎上有了很大的改善。例如，WestinghouseAP1000反應堆有一礙，在這個行業出現了明顯的樂觀情緒。RichardLester是麻省理工學院核科學與核工程學 lifespan n.，預期使用期swell v.emit v.排放,scare［sk? n.，驚giverise own liferation［pr?,lif?'rei? 【文章難句】Worseinthepastill-conceiveddesigns,safetyscaresandtheregulatorydelaystheygaverisetomadenuclearntsevenmorec