HenryJames(1843-1916)ContentsLifeStoryLiteraryAchievementInternationalThemeWritingStyleLifeStoryborninawealthyfamily(NewYork)threesiblingsandabrother(second)HenryJamesSr(father)---aphilosopherandreformerWilliamJames(brother)---apsychologistandphilosopherWilliamDeanHowells(hislife-longfriend)educatedinHarvardLawSchoolnevermarried,oncelovedhiscousinLifeStory1875

settledinhisidealhome---Paris,metFlaubert（福樓拜）andMaupassant（莫泊桑）1915becominganaturalizedBritishcitizen(thinksthatAmericanlifeismaterialisticandlackofcultureandsophistication)influencedbysomeliterarycelebrities:GeorgeEliot,

Turgenev,Hawthorne...1916died

ofpneumoniainLondon

andwasburiedin

Massachusetts

(馬薩諸塞)1976hisasheswereremovedtoPoets'cornerinWestminster(威斯敏斯特)abbeyGravemarkingHenryJamesinCambridgeCemeteryinCambridge,MassachusettsLiteraryAchievementaproductivewriter:writingnovels,novellasandtales,travelingwritings,literarycriticism,plays,autobiographiesandsoon.Thereperiodsofhisliterarylifethefirstperiod(1865-1882)thesecondperiod(1882-1895)thethirdperiod(1895-1900)Firstperiod:1865-1882Internationaltheme.

(AmericaninnocenceinfaceofEuropeansophistication)

DaisyMiller，1878

《黛西·密勒》

ThePortraitofaLady，1881

《貴婦人的畫像》

TheAmerican1877

《美國人》SecondPeriod(1882-1895):studiesofinterpersonalrelationships.(subtlestudiesofinter-personalrelationship)

TheBostonians，1886

《波士頓人》ThePrincessCasamassima(1886)ThePrivateLife(1893)TheDeatheofaLion(1894)TheTurnoftheScrew(1898)TheBeastintheJungle(1903)ThirdPeriod(1895-1900):addedcomplexityandprofunditytohisinternationaltheme.(arevivalofthethemeofinnocenceinacorruptedworldand“theinternationaltheme”.WhatMaisieknew《梅吉的見聞》TheWingsoftheDove《鴿翼》(1902)TheAmbassadors《專使》(1903)TheGoldenBowl《金碗》(1904)Hiscontributiontoliterarycriticism(文學評論)

anindispensablepartofhiscontributiontheartistshouldwriteaboutanythingthatconcernshim,eventheuglyandthecommonplace“TheArtofFiction”《小說的藝術》

isconcernedwithformdevotedtohumanvaluesArtmustberelatedtolife"Theonlyreasonfortheexistenceofanovelisthatitdoesattempttorepresentlife"theaimofthenovelistopresentlifeTheFirstPeriod(1865-1882)TheAmerican《美國人》（1877）astoryaboutayoungandinnocentAmericanconfrontingthecomplexityoftheEuropeanlife.DaisyMiller

《黛西·密勒》（1878）anovellaaboutayoungAmericangirlwhogets"killed"bythewinterinRome.TheFirstPeriod(1865-1882)TheEuropeans(1878)thesceneshiftedbacktoAmerica,wheresomeEuropeanslearnwithdifficultytoadaptthemselvestotheAmericanlife.ThePortraitofALady《貴婦人畫像》（1881）：consideredashismasterpiecetheclashbetweentheOldWorldandtheNewinthelifejourneyofanAmericangirlinaEuropeanculturalenvironment.TheSecondPeriod(1882-1895)NovelsTheBostonians(1886)satirizedthewomenliberationmovementthattookplaceinBostonThePrincessCasamassima(1886)exposedtheanarchist無政府主義者conspiracy共謀intheslum貧民窟ofLondon,werewritteninanaturalisticmodeandprovedtobeunsunccessful.TheSecondPeriod(1882-1895)playwritingbetterknowledgeofliterarytechniques,thoughnotatallsuccessshortfictionsThePrivateLife

(1893)TheDeathofaLion(1894)TheSecondPeriod(1882-1895)TheTurnoftheScrew(1898)astoryaboutthetroubledandabnormalpsychologyofoppressedchildren,inwhichawholehouseholdisterrorizedby"ghosts".TheBeastintheJungle(1903)focusesontheimaginativeobsessionofsomehauntedmenandwomenwiththeirpersonaldisasterinfuture.TheThirdPeriod(1895-1900)WhatMaisieknew《梅吉的見聞》TheWingsoftheDove《鴿翼》(1902)TheAmbassadors《專使》(1903)TheGoldenBowl《金碗》(1904)James’sinternationalthemearesetagainstalargeinternationalbackground,usuallybetweenEuropeandAmerica

focusontheconfrontationofthetwodifferentcultureswithtwodifferentgroupsofpeoplerepresentingtwodifferentvaluesystemshis

famerestsuponhisnovelswithnovelsAmericanpersonalitiesofEuropeanpersonalitiesofinnocence,enthusiasm,vulgarity,ignorance,unsophistication,freshness,freedom,individuality

standsformoralityAmericanheroesandheroines,whoconfrontedEuropeansophistication,eithertriumphedoveritorwereoverwhelmed.over-refinement,degeneration,complexity,highcultivation,standformannerscontrastwithInternationalTheme1.“pointofview”視角Explainthesituationandcharacterthroughoneorseveralmindsreadersobserveeventsandpeoplethroughtheconsciousnessofcharactersandparticipateintheirexperi