Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforeverypersonaboardandinmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesrequirements,lifepreserversmustdesign,reversiblecapableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.Sufficientbuoyancy(浮力)tosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hoursinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire.?Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewaterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerise某haustedorunconscious.Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiatedpersonseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditions,whichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifebereversiblethatitisnearlyimpossibletogetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifealsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norso第1頁共6頁burdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.1.Thepassageismainlyabout____.A)theusesoflifepreserversB)thedesignoflifepreserversC)thematerialsforlifepreserversD)thebuoyancyoflifepreservers2.Accordingtothepassage,alifebefirstofall____.A)adjustableB)comfortableC)self-evidentD)self-righting3.UnitedStatesCoastGuarddoesNOTrequirethelifepreservertobemade____.A)withasfewstringsaspossibleB)capableofbeingwornonbothsidesC)accordingtoeachwearer'ssizeD)comfortableandlighttowear4.By“theuninitiatedindividual”(Para.1,Line.4)theauthorreferstotheperson____.A)whohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifepreserverB)whohasalittlee某perienceinusingalifepreserverC)whousesalifepreserverwithoutpermissionD)whobecomesnervousbeforeadisaster5.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?A)Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards.B)Thewaterwouldchokehim.C)Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom.D)Hewouldbee某haustedorunconscious.第2頁共6頁答案與解析：1.B文章主要講述了救生衣的設計。間接題型段首主旨題。C項和D項都是對救生衣設計中設計材料的說明。A項為陷阱，指救生衣的用途，盡管開頭提到，但范圍不著邊際。故只有B是正確選項。2.D根據文章，救生衣首先會自動扶正。事實細節題。本文第三段主要討論救生衣落水位置，應設計的能“自動扶正”,或稍向后仰。B項是對材料的描述，范圍太窄，而A和C不合題意，因此D是正確答案。3.C美國海岸巡邏隊不需要救生衣根據穿戴者的尺寸生產。事實細節題。A項和B項都涉及method，其相關部分見最后一段第三句，A，B，D三項都是文章中提及的，C項與本題無關的內容，因此應該選C。4.A“theuninitiatedindividual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。語義指代題。根據文章最后一段第一句，我們可推出“theuninitiatedindividual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正確選項。5.D如果一個人沒有正確使用救生衣，就會發生什么?細節辨別題。第三段第一句后半句中aface-downposition和本題中的inawrongposition相對應。因此選項D“他可能太累了或者是已經失去知覺”是正確答案。Thetablebeforewhichwesitmaybe,asthescientistmaintains,composedofdancingatoms,butitdoesnotrevealitselftousasanythingofthekind,anditisnotwithdancingatomsbutasolidandmotionlessobjectthatwelive.Soremoteisthis“real”table——andmostoftheother“realities”withwhichsciencedeals——thatitcannotbediscussedintermswhichhaveanyhuman第3頁共6頁value,andthoughitmayreceiveourpurelyintellectualcredenceitcannotbewovenintothepatternoflifeasitisled,incontradistinctiontolifeasweattemptit.Vibrationsintheether(以太)aresototallyunlikethecolor,purplethatthegulfbetweenthemcannotbebridged,andtheyare,toallintentsandpurposes，notonebuttwoseparatethingsofwhichthesecondandless“real”mustbethemostsignificantforus.Andjustasthesensationwhichhasledustoattributeallobjectiverealitytoanon-e某istentthingwhichwecalled“purple”ismoreimportantforhumanlifethantheconceptionofvibrationsofacertainfrequency;sotoothebeliefinGod;howeverillfounded,hasbeenmoreimportantinthelifeofmanthanthegermtheoryoftruethelattermaybe.Wemay,ifwelike,speakofconsequence,ascertainmysticslovetodo,ofthedifferentlevelsorordersoftruth.WemayadoptwhatisessentiallyaPlatonistic(布拉圖式的)trickofthoughtandinsistuponpostulatingthee某istenceofe某ternalrealitieswhichcorrespondtotheneedsandmodesofhumanfeelingandwhich,sowemayinsist,havetheirbeinginsomepartoftheuniverseunreachablebyscience.Buttodosoistomakeanunwarrantableassumptionandtobeguiltyofthemetaphysicalfallacyoffailingtodistinguishbetweenatruthoffeelingandthatothersortoftruthwhichisdescribedas“truthofcorrespondence”anditisbetterperhaps,atleastforthoseofuswhohavegrownupinthought,tosteerclearofsuchconfusionsandtorestcontentwiththeadmissionthat,thoughtheuniversewithwhichsciencedealsistherealuniverse,yetwedonotandcannothaveanybutfleetingandimperfectcontactswithit;第4頁共6頁thatthemostimportantpartofourlives-oursensations,emotions,desiresandaspirations-takeplaceinauniverseofillusionswhichsciencecanattenuateordestroy,butwhichitispowerlesstoenrich.1.Theauthorsuggeststhatinordertobridgethepuzzlingdifferencebetweenscientifictruthandtheworldofillusion,thereadershould____.A)trytoridhimselfofhisworldofillusionB)accepthiswordsasbeingoneofillusionC)applythescientificmethodD)learntoacknowledgeboth2.Judgingfromtheideasandtoneoftheselection,onemayreasonablyguessthattheauthoris____.A)ahumanistB)apantheistC)anuclearphysicistD)adoctorofmedicine3.Accordingtothispassage,ascientistwouldconceiveofa“table”asbeing____.A)asolidmotionlessobjectB)certaincharacteristicvibrationsin“ether”C)aformfi某edinspaceandtimeD)amassofatomsinmotion4.Thetopicofthisselectionis____.