2019中考英語閱讀、任務型閱讀、完形填空精享新編（5）一、閱讀理解。A（2019中考科普環保類選練）Theearthisourhome；wemusttaeCareofit．Thismeanseepingtheland，airandwaterclean．Pollutionisadirtyword．Topollutemeanstomaethingsunfit(不適合的)oruncleantouse．Pollutioncomesinmanyways．Weseeit，smellit,tasteitanddrinit．Pollutionisbeginningtothreaten(威迫)ourhealth,orhappinessandourlife．Man．hasbeenpollutingtheearthfromthetimehefirstmadefire，washedhisclothesintheriverandthrewhiswasteontheground．Whenlandwasuseduporwaterbecamedirty．Menmovedtoanotherplace．Atfirsttheproblemwasnotsoseriousbecausetherewasplentyofcleanair，landandwater．Thereweren’tsomanypeoplethenandtheirwants(需求)werefewer．Allthedirtythingscouldbeabsorbed(汲取)bynatureandsoon．coveredover(恢復)．Butthisisnolongertrue．Theincreaseofpopulation(人口增添)andthedevelopmentofindustryhavechangedthat．Manisslowlypolluting．hisenvironment．Throughtheuseofpoison(農藥)，mallhaspollutedland!illingputtingdirtywaterandchemicalsintoriversandlaeswehavepollutedourdrining

theanimal．Bywater,illingthefish

．Ourincreasingpopulationispartofthe

．problem．Morepeoplemorewaste

．Whereisthisalltoend?Areweturningtheworldintoabigrubbishdump

，oristhereanyhopethat

wecangetrid

of(掙脫)the

pollution

?Lucily，millions

ofpeoplehavebeenwarnedofthedangerofpollution

．Largenumbersofpeoplearenowworinghardtobring

pollutionunder(

)1

．WhichsentenceisWRONG?A．Weliveontheearth

，soweshouldlooafterit

．B．Topollutemeanstomaeair,waterandlandunfitforuse

．C．Allthewasteproducedbymodemindustrycanbeabsorbed

．D．Manisnowfightingagainstdifferentindsofpollution

．(

)2

．Inthispassagetheword

“chemicals

”means

．A．化學

B．化學物質

C．化學的

D．醫學的(

)3

．Throughtheuncontrolleduseofpoisonmallhas

．A．madethedriningwaterdirty

B．pollutedthelandC．illedtheanimalsandfish

D．alloftheabove(

)4

．Fromthesentences

“Morepeoplemorewaste

”，

wenowthat

．A．becauseoftheincreaseofpopulationandthedevelopmentofindustrymoreandmorewasteisproduced

，B．weneedmorepeople

，notmorewasteC．there

isn’tanyhopethatwecangetridofthepollutionD．morepeoplehavebeenwarnedofthedangerofmorewaste

．(

)5

．Fromthepassagewecannowthatnowman

．A．doesn’tnowhowtocontrolpollutionB．stilldoesn

’trealiehowseriouspol

lutionisC．isdoingsomethingtocontrolpollutionD．beginstounderstandthepollution參照答案1C2B3D4A5CB颶風Anyonewhohaseperiencedacyclone(颶風)willtellyouhowscaryitcanbe.Highwindsandlotsofraincandestroyacityinlessthananhour.Abigcyclone,namedcycloneDebbie,hitAustralia'seastcoastattheendofMarch.Thewindwasasfastas236m/handdestroyedhouses,trees,carsandboats.Sealevelswentunderwater.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplehadtoleavetheirhomesandfarms,atleast8peoplewasstillhappening2weeslater.Somecitiesneverrecoverfromacyclone,whileittaesyearstorebuild.Atropicalcyclonebeginswhenagroupofthunderstormsmeetoverwarm,tropicalwaters.Lotsofairandwaterissucedintocloudsfromtheocean.Becausetheearthisrotating,thecloudsstarttospiral(螺旋式上漲).Thatiswhytropicalcyclonehascurved(使成弧形)shapewhenyouseeitonamap.Forthisreason,tropicalcyclonecannotformnearEquator(赤道)becauseearth'srotationisnotstrongenoughthere.Whenthewindspeedincreasesto120m/h,itchangesfromatropicalcyclonetoahurricane,typhoonorcyclone.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenacyclone,ahurricane,atyphoon？Theanswerisactuallyquitesimple.Allthreearethesame.Wejustusedifferentnamesforthesestormsindifferentplaces.IntheAtlanticandNortheastPacificOceanaroundtheUS,thetermhurricaneisused.ThesametypeofstormintheNorthPacificOceannearChinaiscalledtyphoon.CyclonesoccurintheSouthPacificandIndianOceannearAustralia.1.Whenthewindspeedincreasesto________，itchangesfromatropicalcyclonetoahurricane.A.2m/mB.3m/mC.4m/sD.5m/s2.Theunderlinedword“recover”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”inChinese.A.恢復B.康復C.康復D.建筑3.Australianhurricanescaused________.A.manypeoplelosttheirhomeB.trees,carsandboatsweredestroyedC.sealevelsroseD.includingA，BandC4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Whenthewindspeedincreasesto125m/h,itchangesfromatropicalcyclonetoahurricane.B.Agroupofthunderstormsmeetovercold,tropicalwaters.C.Theearthcanrotate.D.TropicalcyclonescanbeseennearEquator.5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalabout?

—Debbie.cyclone.D.

B.Theearth'srotation.Aterriblehurricane

andhowahurricane

forms.【要旨粗心】本文是一篇說明文。

主要介紹了可怕的颶風侵襲了澳大利亞，

以及它形成的原由。A【分析】數字計算題。題干意為：當風速增添到________時，它將從熱帶氣旋轉變為颶風。依據第四段最后一句中“

120m/h”計算得出

2m/m，應選A。2.A

【分析】細節理解題。題干意為：第三段中劃線單詞“

recover”的漢語意思可能是“________”。依據第三段最后一句“Somecities

neverrecover

fromacyclone，whileittaesyearstorebuild.有些城市永久不會從颶風中恢復過，而重修則需要幾年時間。”可知選A。3.D【分析】細節理解題。題干意為：澳大利亞的颶風造成了家園；B項：樹、車和船被毀；C項：海平面上漲；D項：包括

________。A項：很多人失掉A、B和C。依據第二、三段中的內容可知

A、B和

C項中所提到的都有發生。應選

D。4.C

【分析】細節理解題。題干意為：以下哪一項為哪一項正確的？

A項：當風速增添至

125m/h，它會從熱帶氣旋變為颶風；

B項：一組雷暴會碰到嚴寒的熱帶水汽；

C項：地球會旋轉；

D項：熱帶氣旋能夠在赤道鄰近看到。依據文章第四段內容可知只有C項正確。應選C。D【分析】要旨粗心題。題干意為：文章主要討論的是什么？依據文章的要旨粗心歸納總結，A、B、C項都只說到了一個方面，只有D項全面歸納了文意，應選D。C(2018年甘肅省白銀)AliceinWonderlandChapter2Alicewasnothurt,soshejumpedtoherfeetinamoment.Shelooedup,andfoundtheWhiteRabbitwasstillinsight.Shewasclosebehinditwhensheturnedthecomer,buttheRabbitwasnolongertobeseen.Shefoundherselfinalong,lowhall.Thereweredoorsallaroundthehall,buttheywereallloced.Alicewaledsadlydownthemiddle,wonderinghowshewasevertogetoutagain.Suddenly,shecameuponalittlethree-leggedtable.Therewasnothingonitbutatinygoldeney,andAlice'sfirstideawasthatthismightbelongtooneofthedoorsofthehall.But,alas!Eitherthelocsweretoolarge,ortheeywastoosmall.However,onthesecondtimeround,shecameuponalowcurtainshehadnotnoticedbeforeandbehinditwasalittledoor.Shetriedthelittlegoldeneyintheloc,andshewaspleasedtofinditfitted!()1.ThehallwhereAlicestayedis___________.A.longandlowB.bigandhighC.wideandlowD.()2.WhatdidAlicewanttodowhenshegottothehall?A.ShewantedtonowhowtogetsomefoodB.ShewantedtonowwherehersisterwasC.ShewantedtofindouthowtogetoutagainD.ShewantedtomeettheRabbit()3.WheredidAlicefindthetinygoldeney?

bigandwide((

A.B.C.D.)4.HowdidAlicefeelwhenthegoldeyfittedintoaloc?)5.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.AlicehadneverseentheWhiteRabbitbeforeshegottothehallB.SomeofthedoorsaroundthehallwerelocedC.AlicenoticedthelittledoorassoonassheenteredthehallD.ThepassageisfromAliceinWonderland.【參照答案】ACBCD二、任務型閱讀。April1stisadayonwhich,insomecountries,peopletrytoplaytricsonothers.Ifonesucceedsintricingsomebody,onelaughsandsays,“AprilFool!”andthenthepersonwhohasbeentricedusuallylaughs,too.OneApril1st,abuswasgoingalongacountryroad.Thenitsloweddownandstopped.Thedrivertriedhardtostartthebus,buthefailed.Thenheturnedtothepassengerswithaworriedlooonhisfaceandsaid“Thispoorbusisgettingold.There'sonlyonethingwecandoifwewanttogethometoday.Ishallcountthree,andonthewordTHREE,Iwantyoualltoleanforwardsuddenlyashardasyoucan.Onlyinthiswaymaythebusgetstartedagain,butifyoudon’tfollowmyadvice,I’mafraidthereisnothingelseIcando.Soallthepassengersleanedbacagainsttheirseatsandgotreadyforthedriver’sorder.Thenthedriverbegantocount.“Getready,”hesaid.“One!Two!Three!”Allthepassengerstriedhardtoleanforwardwhentheyheardhislastword,andthebusimmediatelystartedagain.“April

Fool!

”

thedriversaidloudlywithasmile.ThepassengerssuddenlyrealieditwasApril1standthebuswasfulloflaughter.1.WhatdopeopleusuallydoonAprilFool

’sDayinsomecountries?Whydidthedriverstopthebus?WhatdidthedriveraspassengerstodowhentheyheardthewordTHREE?4.Howdidthepassengersfeelwhenthedrivercried“AprilFool!”?5.Wasthereanythingwrongwiththebus?【要旨粗心】本文是一篇記述文。文章經過案例介紹了在愚人節那一天會被他人捉弄的故事。1.Theytrytoplaytricsonothers.【分析】細節理解題。題干意為：在一些國家里在愚人節這日人們往常做什么？依據文章第一段第一句“

April1stisadayon

which,insomecountries,peopletrytoplaytricsonothers.

”可知，他們在這天往常相互開玩笑。由此獲得答案。2.Becausehewantedtoplayatriconthepassengers.【分析】細節理解題。題干意為：司機為何沒有泊車？依據文章第二段最后一句“ThepassengerssuddenlyrealieditwasApril1standthebuswasfulloflaug

hter.

”可知，司機想愚弄乘客。由此獲得答案。3.Thedriverasedthemtoleanforwardashardastheycould.

【分析】細節理解題。題干意為：當乘客聽到“三”這個單詞時司機讓乘客做什么？依據文章第二段中“

Allthepassengerstriedhardtoleanforwardwhentheyheardhislastword...

”可知答案。Happy.【分析】細節理解題。題干意為：當司機喊出“愚人節快樂”時乘客們感覺如何？依據文章第二段最后一句“ThepassengerssuddenlyrealieditwasApril1standthebuswasfulloflaughter.”可知，乘客們意識到是四月一日，整輛車上都充滿了笑聲。由此得到答案。No,therewasn't.【分析】推理判斷題。題干意為：公共汽車有什么缺點了嗎？依據文章的解說可知是愚人節司機同乘客們開的玩笑，由此獲得答案。三、完形填空Therewereno