肯定句：…have/has+done否定句：…have/hasnot

+done一般疑問句：Have/has...done?PresentPerfectTense現在完成時肯定句：：…hadnot

+done一般疑問句：PastPerfectTense過去完成時…had+done否定句Had...

done?Yes,…had.No,…hadn’t.特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋had…done…?KobeBryanthadalreadywonthreeNBAChampionswithShaqO’Nealbeforehewonthefourthonein2009.TheWaltDisneyCompanyhadalreadyowned5DisneyLandby2016whentheoneinShanghaistartedrunning.過去完成時概念概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”。Theywereputintoboxes.ThentheyweresenttoMadagascar.TheyhadbeenputintoboxesbeforetheyweresenttoMadagascar.過去完成時的判斷依據:由時間狀語來判定by+

過去的時間點。如：Norabbithadbeenpoliceofficerby2010.(2)bytheendof+

過去的時間點。如：MonkeyKinghadbeenlockedupfor500yearsbytheendofhisprisonterm.TuringhadbrokentheEnigma(德軍密碼系統)beforethetimeof1945.FromTheImitationGame(3)before+過去的時間點。如：2.沒有明顯的時間狀語，由“過去的過去”來判定：賓語從句中:在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：Hesaidthattheyhadgotavault(金庫)set.Thelittleprincehadleftbeforethemanfixedhisplane.(2)主、從句的動作發生有先后關系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：McQueenwenttothesmalltown.Dr.Hudsonwasaracecar.Dr.HudsonhadbeenaracecarwhenMcQueenwenttothesmalltown.過去完成時的主要用法表示一個動作在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成或結束，即發生在“過去的過去”。如：Theywentintotheundergroundworld.Dinosaurshavelivedintheundergroundworldformanyyears.Whentheywentintotheundergroundworld,theyfoundthatdinosaurshadlivedintheundergroundworldformanyyears.4.過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態在過去某時之前已經開始，一直延續到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結束，仍然有繼續下去的可能。如:1.WhenI______________(arrive)atthestation,he____________(leave)2..We_______________(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3.Iwaiteduntilhe_______________(finish)hishomework.4.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe________already______(do)5.She____________(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe________________(be)therebefore.6.He______________(nottell)youthenewsyet.7.Hesaidhe_____________already_________(give)thebooktotheteacher.8.I______________(be)toShanghaibefore.9.Shetoldmeshe_________________(be)toSanyathreetimes.10.She_____________(play)theguitarwhilehersister______________(sing).arrivedhadhadlearnedhaddonefinishedhadleft