PeriodTwoWordpower&GrammarandusageⅠ.重點單詞1．formeradj.以前的2．graduatevi.畢業；n.畢業生graduationn．畢業3．fluentadj.流利的fluentlyadv.流利地4．donatevt.捐贈donationn．捐獻；贈送5．kindnessn．善意kindadj.好心的6．splendidadj.極佳的，非常好的7．independentadj.獨立的independencen．獨立Ⅱ.重點短語1．morethan超過，多于；不僅僅是2．allyearround全年3．makesure確保4．takegoodcareof照顧好5．graduatefrom畢業于……6．developaninterestin培養……的興趣7．donate...to...把……捐贈給……8．thanksb.forsth.因某事感謝某人9．makeuseof利用10．foronething...，foranotherthing...一方面……，另一方面……Ⅲ.重點句式1．whether...orWhetherstudentswanttoexerciseorjustwantsomefun，theycanuseourgym.不管學生是想鍛煉身體還是想隨便玩玩，他們都可以使用我們的健身房。2．upon/on＋doingsth.Uponfinishinghisstudies，hestartedtravellinginChina.學業一結束，他便開始游歷中國。重點詞匯1．Aftergraduatingfromuniversity，hewenttoChinatostudyChineseatBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.大學畢業后，他去中國北京語言大學學習漢語。[歸納拓展](1)graduatevi.畢業；n.畢業生graduatefrom...畢業于……學校graduatein...畢業于……專業(2)graduationn．畢業aftergraduation畢業后[語境助記](1)Wehavesomeuniversitygraduatesinourfactory.我們工廠有一些大學生。(2)He’llgraduatefromcollegewithadegreeinlawnextyear.明年他就大學畢業了，將獲得法學學位。(3)Whatareyougoingtodoaftergraduation？畢業后你打算做什么？[題組訓練](1)大學畢業時，他主動提出去西藏教書。Whenhegraduatedfromcollege，heofferedtogoandteachinTibet.(2)Aftertheuniversity，hewassenttoworkinafactoryinabigcity.A．graduate B．graduatefromC．graduating D．graduatingfrom答案D解析句意為：大學畢業后，他被派到一座大城市的一家工廠工作。after為介詞，后接v.-ing形式，graduatefrom從……畢業。2．Hedonatedmostofthemtoourschoollibrary.他把大多數(書、字典、畫和照片)都捐給了我們的校圖書館。[歸納拓展](1)donatev．捐獻，捐贈donatesth.to...把某物捐給……(2)donationn．捐獻，捐贈makeadonation/donations(ofsth.tosb.)捐獻/捐款(某物給某人)[語境助記](1)Ourschoolwilldonate500copiesofdifferentvaluablebookstoyourclass.(2023·天津)我們學校將贈送給你們班500本不同的、有價值的書。(2)Shemadeadonationof5,000totheChildren’sHospital.她捐了五千美元給兒童醫院。[題組訓練](1)這個商人捐給醫院很多錢。Thebusinessmandonatedalotofmoneyto/madeadonationofalotofmoneytothehospital.(2)Ifmostbreadwinnersaday’spaytotheHopeProject，thenitwillbehopeful.A．gift B．presentC．donate D．give答案C解析句意為：如果大多數賺錢養家的人都向希望工程捐獻出一天的所得，那么就大有希望了。donate所贈的對象一般是慈善事業或者機構；而present“贈送”，是正式地頒給某人，通常附有儀式，著重強調贈者和接受方的關系。3．Therestofthetimewhichtheyspendatschoolisusedforindependentstudy.他們在校的其他時間用于自學。[歸納拓展](1)independentadj.獨立的，自主的beindependentofsb.不依賴某人；不受某人的影響(2)independencen．獨立(3)dependentadj.依靠的，依賴的bedependenton/uponsb./sth.依賴某人/某物(4)dependencen．依靠；依賴[語境助記](1)Heisveryfarfrombeingindependent.他現在還遠不能自立。(2)Shestruggledfortheindependenceofhercountryallherlife.她為自己祖國的獨立而奮斗終生。(3)I’llneverbedependentonanyoneagain；I’dratherstarve.我再也不依賴任何人了，我寧愿餓死。[題組訓練](1)我從前依賴父母；現在我獨立了。Iusedtobedependentonmyparents.NowIamindependentofthem.(2)Nowheis20anddecidestobeindependenthisfamily.A．in B．ofC．on D．with答案B解析句意為：現在他20歲了，決定從他的家庭獨立出來。beindependentof獨立于……，不依賴……。故選B項。4．Withsomuchfreetime，studentswhodonotmakegooduseoftheirtimemaynotpasstheirexams.有如此多的空閑時間，沒有好好利用的學生可能無法通過考試。[歸納拓展]makeuseof利用，使用(相當于takeadvantageof)makefull/gooduseof充分(好好)利用makeno/littleuseof沒有利用comeintouse開始使用bring/put...touse加以使用It’snousedoing...做……沒用。[語境助記](1)Weshouldmakefulluseoftimetostudy.我們應當好好利用時間學習。(2023·廣東)(2)Whendidtelephonefirstcomeintouse?什么時候電話開始使用的？(3)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.事已至此，后悔也沒有用了。[題組訓練](1)她利用業余時間進行體育鍛煉。Shemakesuseofhersparetimetoworkout.(2)那輛新車將于下月開始使用。Thenewcarwillbeputintouse/comeintousenextmonth.(3)Thebossinsistedthateveryminuteshouldbemadefulluseoftheworkwell.A．todo B．doingC．doing D．todo答案A解析句意為：老板堅持要求充分利用每分鐘去把工作做好。makeuseof...todosth.利用……做某事。經典句式Uponfinishinghisstudies，hestartedtravellinginChina.學業一結束，他便開始游歷中國。[歸納拓展](1)Uponfinishinghisstudies作時間狀語，相當于assoonas引導的時間狀語從句。(2)on或upon后也可接名詞，意義和on/upondoing一樣都表示“一……就……”。(3)表示“一……就……”的其他常見詞語或結構：immediately，instantly，directly；theinstant/moment/minute；nosooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when...。[語境助記](1)On/Uponhisarrival/arriving，heinformedusofthenews.他一到達就告訴了我們這個消息。(2)Sheburstintolaughtertheinstantshereadtheletterfromhersister.她一看到她妹妹的來信就笑起來了。[題組訓練](1)他一到家就打開了電視。On/Uponarrivinghome，heturnedonthetelevision.(2)，shehurriedtothenearbyrestauranttogetsomethingtoeat.A．Uponarrival B．UponarrivedC．Whenarrival D．Whenarrived答案A解析句意為：她一到就去附近的餐廳吃東西了?！皍pon/on＋名詞/動名詞”意為“一……就……”，相當于assoonas引導的時間狀語從句，故A項正確。C、D兩項若改成whenshearrived或whenarriving也是正確的。Ⅰ.詞形變換1．Aslongasthereiskindness(kind)，theworldwillbecomemorebeautiful.2．Iwonanationalprizeforpainting(paint)lastweek.3．Sheisastrongandindependent(dependent)womanwhoneedsnohelpfromothers.4．HowIwishIcouldspeakEnglishasfluently(fluent)asanativespeaker!5．Ayearaftergraduation(graduate)，Iwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(morethan，graduatefrom，developaninterestin，makeuseof，donate...to)6．ItwasinOxfordUniversitythathedevelopedaninterestinChineseculture.7．It’ssonicetohearfromher.Believeitornot，welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.8．Alexanderdonatedmostofhisartcollectionstothemuseumlastmonth.9．ItwillbetwoyearsbeforeIgraduatefromhighschool.10．Youcannotchoosewhatyouaregiven，butyoucanchoosehowyoumakeuseofit.Ⅲ.完成句子11．他們正在談論一些我根本不知道的作家和作品。Theyaretalkingaboutsomewritersandworksthatareunknowntomeatall.12．他是我認識的最勤奮的學生。Heisthemostdiligentstudent(that)Ihaveknown.13．確保在做實驗之前你已經懂了原理。Makesurethatyouhaveunderstoodthetheorybeforeyoudotheexperiment.14．我們是出去還是待在寢室取決于天氣。Whetherwewillgooutorstayinthedormdependsontheweather.15．一下飛機，他就被守候的警察逮捕了。Upon/Ongettingofftheplane，hegotarrestedbythewaitingpolice.Ⅳ.單項填空16．onmycomputer，Ifoundane-mailfrommypenfriend，metospendthesummerholidayinhiscity.A．Onturning；invitedB．Onturning；invitingC．Whenhavingturned；toinviteD．Afterturning；inviting答案B解析第一個空考查on＋doing...結構，意為“一……就……”；第二個空為動詞-ing形式作定語，和e-mail之間構成邏輯上的主動關系。17．—Doyouneedanyhelp，Lucy?—Yes.ThejobisIcoulddomyself.A．lessthan B．morethanC．nomorethan D．notmorethan答案B解析答話人同意接受對方的幫助，由此可知，這項工作超出了答話人的能力范圍。morethan超過，多于，符合題意。lessthan少于；nomorethan不過，僅僅；notmorethan至多，不超過。18．Thethatourbodymakesfoodliesmainlyinourdigestion.A．advantage；of B．use；inC．use；of D．advantage；over答案C解析考查動詞短語辨析。動詞短語makeuseof中的名詞use前置作為先行詞，其余部分置于定語從句中。19．Tracywantedtobeofherparentsaftergraduation，andtriedtolivealone.A．aware B．confidentC．independent D．proud答案C解析beindependentof不依賴某人；beawareof意識到；beconfidentof確信；beproudof對……感到自豪。20．Somemodernteachingequipmentaswellashundredsofbookstotheruralschools.A．hadbeendonated B．wasdonatedC．havedonated D．weredonated答案B解析句意為：一些現代化的教學設備和數百本書籍被捐給了農村學校。aswellas連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，句子的謂語形式與aswellas前的名詞主語或代詞在人稱和數上保持一致；equipment是表示集合的不可數名詞，作主語時謂語動詞應用單數，而且donate與句子主語之間是被動關系，故應用被動語態；同時因為題干中沒有另一個過去動作與“donate”對比，所以用一般過去時的被動語態。語法感知用恰當的關系代詞填空1．Themanwho/thatbroughtourtextbookshereyesterdayisinnextroom.2．Themagazinewhich/thathehastakenawayismine.3．Thewomanwho/whom/thatyousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.4．Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.5．Thetrainwhich/thatwasgoingtoNanningwaslate.6．Theboywho/thatwashereaminuteagoismybrother.7．Iwanttotalktotheboywhosehomeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.8．Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.語法精析一、定語從句的定義在句子中起定語作用、修飾句中的某一名詞或代詞的從句為定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，可以代表人、物或者全句。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，包括關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞：who，whom，whose，which，that，as等。關系副詞：when，where，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞在從句中充當一個成分。例如：Thisisthebookthatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday.這就是我父親昨天給我買的那本書。(thatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday是定語從句；thebook是先行詞；關系代詞that指代先行詞thebook，在定語從句中作bought的賓語。)Thetimewhenhearrivesisunknown.他到達的時間還不知道。(whenhearrives是定語從句；thetime是先行詞，關系副詞when在從句中作時間狀語。)二、關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞代替先行詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。1．指人的關系代詞who，whom，whose，that的用法(1)作主語(who，that)。例如：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想見你的那個人嗎？Themanwho/thatistalkingwithMrWangisafamousdoctor.正在和王先生說話的那個人是一位有名的醫生。(2)作賓語(who，whom，that)。此種情況下的關系代詞可以省略。例如：Heistheman(whom/that)Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。Ishethedoctor(whom/that)youarelookingfor?他是你在找的那位醫生嗎？(3)作定語(whose)。例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。2．指物的關系代詞which，whose和that的用法that既可指事又可指人，which指物，它們在從句中作主語或賓語；whose既可指事又可指人，在從句中作定語。which和that在從句中作賓語時常可省略。(1)作主語。例如：Themoneythat/whichisinthewalletismine.在這個錢包里的錢是我的。(2)作賓語。例如：Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包裹快散了。Thechair(which/that)youbrokeyesterdayisnowbeingrepaired.你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現在正在修理。(3)作定語(whose)。例如：Thehousewhoseroofneedsrepairingisonlythreeyearsold.(whoseroof＝ofwhichtheroof/theroofofwhich)那座屋頂需要修理的房子才建了三年。[題組訓練1]用適當的關系代詞填空1．Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisbrown?2．Isthisthecitythat/whichyouvisitedlastyear?3．Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.4．Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.5．Ihaveneverregrettedthedecisionthat/whichImadeyearsago.3．只用that，不用which的情況(1)當先行詞為all，anything，everything，nothing，much，little，few，none，theone等不定代詞或被any，no，theonly，thevery(恰好的)，little，few等詞修飾時，只能用that。但注意，先行詞為something時，用that或which皆可。例如：Therearefewbooksthatyoucanreadinthisbookstore.這家書店幾乎沒有什么你可以看的書。Heistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.他是唯一理解我的人。Thisistheveryquestionthatcameupatthemeeting.這正是開會時提出的問題。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttotellme?你有什么事情要告訴我嗎？Allthatshouldbedonehasbeendone.該做的一切都做了。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLihassaid?你記下李先生所說的一切了嗎？(2)當先行詞是形容詞最高級或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時。例如：Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.這是今年放映的最好的一部電影。(3)當先行詞既有人又有物時。例如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他們正在談論的人和事嗎？[題組訓練2]用適當的關系代詞填空1．I’venevertakenanythingthatdidn’tbelongtome.2．ThisistheverybookthatIwant.3．She’sthemostinterestingsingerthatIhaveeverheardof.4．Theguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawatthechildren’spalace.5．Thefirstthingthatweshoulddonowistofindalocalguide.高考鏈接1．Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2023·北京，22)A．whose B．whyC．where D．which答案A解析句意為：我住在一對夫婦的隔壁，他們的孩子經常弄出很大的噪音。先行詞為couple，由句意可知children與couple之間為所屬關系，故用關系代詞whose。2．Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.(2023·山東，10)A．which B．whoseC．who D．why答案B解析句意為：國內市場利潤萎縮的公司可能會去國外市場尋求機會。空格后名詞profits和先行詞company構成所屬關系，故選擇whose。3．Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface，probablythegreatestofallisfog.(2023·江西，28)A．which B．whatC．where D．when答案A解析句意為：在這些水手們必須面對的眾多危險中，也許最大的危險是霧。在定語從句中關系代詞which指代先行詞themanydangers并在句中作動詞face的賓語，可以省略。C、D兩項都是關系副詞，在定語從句中通常只作狀語，不能作賓語；what不是定語從句的關系詞。4．Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.(2023·陜西，13)A．that B．whichC．as D．what答案A解析先行詞是information，指物，關系詞在從句中作及物動詞have的賓語，且先行詞有不定代詞all修飾，故關系詞只能用that。5．TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2023.(2023·安徽，22)A．when B．whereC．why D．which答案D解析先行詞是theexactyear，定語從句中的動詞spent是及物動詞，后面缺少賓語所以選D。6．Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthoseliveswereaffected.(2023·福建，27)A．whose B．thatC．who D．which答案A解析句意為：這本書透過生活受到地震影響的人們的視角講述地震的故事。本題的先行詞是those，表示人，定語從句的主語是lives，與先行詞構成所屬關系，應使用關系代詞whose引導。7．Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.(2023·山東，35)A．when B．whereC．which D．whom答案C解析句意為：最后他到達了一個完全與外部世界隔絕的孤島上。分析句子結構可知，后面為定語從句，從句中缺少主語，所以答案只能選C項。8．Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.(2023·湖南，21)A．whom B．whoC．what D．which答案B解析句意為：快樂和成功總是會眷顧那些善于認清自己的優點和特長的人。分析句子成分后可知，“aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths”是定語從句修飾先行詞those，從句中缺少主語，所以用who引導。故答案選B。Ⅰ.單項填空1．Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn’tbefound.(2023·鹽城阜寧中學高一上月考)A．that B．whereC．inwhich D．inthat答案A解析考查定語從句。句意為：狼將自己藏在別人找不到的地方。先行詞為theplaces，在句中作主語，用關系代詞that或which。2．Hangzhoumarathonisaraceaimistohelppeopleknowtheimportanceoftakingexercise.(2023·南通海安實驗中學高一上期中)A．where B．whoseC．which D．that答案B解析考查定語從句。句意為：杭州馬拉松比賽的目的是幫助人們意識到運動的重要性。先行詞是arace，作名詞aim的定語，為所屬關系應該用關系代詞whose。3．Iboughtthreebooks，andallofinteresting.(2023·沭陽高一上期中)A．whichare B．thatisC．whatis D．themare答案D解析句意為：我買了三本書，都很有趣。題干中關鍵詞為并列連詞and，所以本題是and連接的并列句，不是定語從句。若將and去掉，則選A。4．Wewillneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherlastyear.(2023·無錫江陰四校高一上期中)A．when B．howC．that D．onwhich答案C解析本題考查定語從句。句意為：我永遠忘不了去年我們待在一起的那些日子。先行詞為thedays，且在定語從句中作spent的賓語，因此用關系代詞that或which，還可以省略。5．ThatisthemostbeautifulbuildingIvisitedlastyear.(2023·連云港贛榆高級中學高一上期中)A．where B．/C．which D．towhich答案B解析句意為：這是我去年參觀過的最美的建筑。先行詞為thebuilding且在定語從句中作visited的賓語，關系代詞可用that，which或省略。但先行詞被最高級themostbeautiful修飾，故此時只能用that不可用which。因此選B。6．Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A．heexplainedB．whatheexplainedC．howheexplainedD．whyheexplained答案A解析考查定語從句。句意為：這就是他在會上為他工作中的粗心解釋出的原因嗎？先行詞為thereason，作explain的賓語，故使用關系代詞或省略。7．BeingaChinese，Ifeelproudofmycountryandthecontributionshavebeenmadetotheworldculture.A．that B．whatC．it D．one答案A解析考查定語從句。句意為：作為一個中國人，我為我的國家和它對世界文化做出的貢獻感到自豪。先行詞是thecontributions，定語從句中缺少主語，故用that或which引導定語從句。what不能引導定語從句；it和one是代詞，不能引導從句，故選A項。8．Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.A．that B．whomC．ofwhose D．whose答案D解析family前缺少作定語用的關系代詞，故選D項。9．Youdon’tneedtomakefancyfoodstoimpressguests—itissomethingsimplebutgoodwilldo.A．what B．thatC．inwhich D．who答案B解析句意為：你不必做花哨的食物來討客人的歡心——簡單美味的食物就可以了。分析句子結構可知，simplebutgood為something的后置定語，willdo為something的定語從句。先行詞為something時，應該用that/which來引導定語從句。故選B。10．ThisistheverychanceI’mlookingforwardto.A．towhich B．whichC．whose D．that答案D解析先行詞被序數詞、最高級、thevery等修飾時，關系詞用that。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2023·貴州凱里一中高一上月考)NewZealandisinthePacificOceanandit’smadeupoftwoislands：theNorthIslandandtheSouthIsland.Aboutathousandyearsago，theMaoripeoplecamefromtheislandsofthePacificOceantoNewZealandandmadeittheirhome.Sincethen，peoplehavecomefromallovertheworldtoliveinNewZealand.NewZealandhasthreeofficial(官方的)languages：English，MaoriandNewZealandSignLanguage.ManyplacesinNewZealandhaveMaorinames.“Kiaora”isaMaorilanguagegreeting(問候)．In1865，WellingtontookAuckland’splaceandbecamethecapital(首都)ofNewZealand，butthelargestcityisAuckland.BothcitiesareontheNorthIsland.NewZealandhashighmountains，activevolcanoes(火山)，lakes，rainforestsandbeautifulsandybeaches，whichmadeitalocationforthemovieTheLordoftheRings.NewZealandhasmild(溫和的)temperaturesandlotsofsunshine.JanuaryandFebruaryarethewarmestmonthsoftheyear，whileJulyisthe.NewZealandhasmanyspecialbirds.Thebestknownisthekiwi.Thekiwi，aboutthesizeofalargechicken，can’tfly.ItisthesymbolofthecountryandyoucanfindpicturesofkiwisonNewZealandstampsandcoins.Thekiwiisnamedafteritscalls—kewe，kewe.NewZealandersarealsocalledKiwis，butveryfewNewZealandershaveeverseenakiwibirdinthewild!NewZealandisalsofamousforitssheep.TherearemillionsofsheeplivinginfarmsalloverNewZealand.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了太平洋國家新西蘭。)11．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto.A．theNorthIslandB．theSouthIslandC．NewZealandD．thePacificOcean答案C解析代詞指代題。根據本句中的“theMaoripeoplecamefromtheislandsofthePacificOceantoNewZealand”可知此處指新西蘭，故選C。12．“Kiaora”probablymeans“”inEnglish.A．Hi B．GoodbyeC．Sorry D．Thanks答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據第三段最后一句“‘Kiaora’isaMaorilanguagegreeting(問候)．”可知是問候語，故選A。13．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatWellington.A．isontheSouthIslandB．becameacityin1865C．isthelargestcityinNewZealandD．isthecapitalcityofNewZealand答案D解析細節理解題。根據第四段中的“In1865，WellingtontookAuckland’splaceandbecamethecapital(首都)ofNewZealand...”可知惠靈頓是新西蘭的首都，故選D。14．WhichofthefollowingcanbeputintheblankinParagraph6?A．wettest B．driestC．hottest D．coldest答案D解析推理判斷題。由while可知“Julyisthe”與前文“JanuaryandFebruaryarethewarmestmonthsoftheyear”形成對比，故選D。Ⅲ.任務型閱讀(2023·鹽城南洋中學高一上期中)Maybeyouareanaveragestudent.Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.Thisisnotnecessaryso，however.Anyonecanbecomeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.Here’show：1．Planyourtimecarefully.Whenyouplanyourweek,youshouldmakealistofthingsthatyouhavetodo.Aftermakingthislist，youshouldmakeascheduleofyourtime.First，arrangeyourtimeforeating，sleeping,dressing,etc.Then，decideagood，regulartimeforstudying