Overviewofartificialintelligence電信**-*曲*電信**-*邵*人工智能

Haveyoueverseenthesemovies?Thesemoviesareallregardingtosomethingaboutartificialintelligence.Butthosearefiction,theyarebothhavetherobotcharacters.SoitmakesAIsoundalittlefictionaltous.Infact,AIisnotjustaboutrobots,itexistseverywhere.Dictionariesdefineintelligenceastheabilitytoacquire,understandandapplyknowledge,ortheabilitytoexercisethoughtandreason.Ofcourseintelligenceismorethanthis.Itembodiesalloftheknowledgeandfeats,bothconsciousandunconscious,whichwehaveacquiredthroughstudying.Whatisartificialintelligenceexactly?

SystemsthatthinklikehumansSystemsthatactlikehumansSystemsthatthinkrationallySystemsthatactrationallyViewsofAIfallintofourcategories:Theexcitingnewefforttomakecomputersthinks…machinewithminds,inthefullandliteralsense”(Haugeland1985)“Thestudyofmentalfacultiesthroughtheuseofcomputationalmodels”(Charniaketal.1985)“Theartofcreatingmachinesthatperformfunctionsthatrequireintelligencewhenperformedbypeople”(Kurzweil,1990)Afieldofstudythatseekstoexplainandemulateintelligentbehaviorintermsofcomputationalprocesses”(Schalkol,1990)MainGoalofAI

?Representandstoreknowledge（表示并存儲知識）?Retrieveandreasonaboutknowledge（知識檢索和思考）?Behaveintelligentlyincomplexenvironments（在復雜環境中表現智能）?Developinterestingandusefulapplications（開發有趣和有用的應用程序）?Interactwithpeople,agents,andtheenvironment（與人，機構，環境相交流）FoundationsofAIAIComputerScience&EngineeringPhilosophyBiologyLinguisticsCognitiveSciencePsychologyEconomicsMathematicsEngineering:

Togetmachinestodoawidervarietyofusefulthings,e.g.,understandspokennaturallanguage,recognizeindividualpeopleinvisualscenes,findthebesttravelplanforyourvacation,CognitiveScience:

Asawaytounderstandhownaturalmindsandmentalphenomenawork,e.g.,memory,learning,language,visualperception.Philosophy:Asawaytoexploresomebasicandinteresting(andimportant)philosophicalquestions,e.g.,themindbodyproblem,whatisconsciousness.WhatCanAISystemsDoNow?

Herearesomeexampleapplications:Robots（機器人）FaceRecognition（人臉識別）IntelligentControl（智能控制）GeneticProgramming(基因工程）Planningandscheduling（計劃和調度）WhatCan’tAISystemsDo?Understandnaturallanguagerobustly

熟練理解自然語言Surftheweb(orawave)網上沖浪Interpretanarbitraryvisualscene解釋一個任意的視覺場景Learnanaturallanguage學習一種自然語言Refocusattentionincomplexenvironments復雜環境中重新集中注意Performlife-longlearning執行終身學習Artificialintelligencebenefitsusinthefollowingaspects:

?Artificialintelligencelikecomputersorrobotscanimproveproductivityandefficiency.?Humanlaborsareliberatedfromdullordangerousjob.?Artificialintelligenceoffersmuchconveniencetohumanlife.?Artificialintelligencecanturnallhumandreamsintorealitywiththepromotionofscienceandtechnology.?EntertainingusWhatdosethedifferencebetweentheartificialintelligenceandhumanbeings?Alltheartificialintelligenceiscreatedbyhumanbeings.Artificialintelligencehavesolvedsomesmallproblemswhichpeoplecouldhavesolvedinotherways.Artificialintelligencearenotlivingorganisms,soitcannothavefeelings.AgreeRobotshavereplacedhumanbeingsinmanyaspectsofworkthatpeopledo,especiallythedangerousworkandsomehousework.Thiswillprobablyhappengraduallyoveraperiodoftime,butitisaninevitabletrend.

DisagreeRobotscanonlyreplacehumansindoingsomejobs,but:MadebypeopleNohuman

characteristicsWillrobotseverbeabletoreplacepeople?SummarizeArtificialintelligencecanbescriptedasanewscienceandtechnology,whichisusedtosimulatehumanintelligence.Wecan'tdenythefactthatartificialintelligenceisofgreatimportantnowadays.Therefore,whatweshoulddoistostudyhard,wi