1.achievementachieve:(V.)完成;做到;實現achievement:(n).

完成;成績;成就IfeltagreatsenseofachievementwhenIreachedthetopofthemountain.

當我到達山頂的時候，我有一種巨大的成就感。WordStudyachieve1.一般只用作及物動詞，其賓語可以是“實現”的目標、目的等，也可以是“取得”的勝利、成功、名譽、地位等：

Everybodyshouldbegiventhechancetoachievetheiraims.要讓每個人都有機會實現自己的目標。Sheachievednosuccess.她有沒獲得成功。

2.有時與this,that,what,all,much,anything,nothing,alittle等代詞連用，表示“獲得(成功)”或“取得(成就)”等：

Noonecanachieveanythingwithouteffort.誰也不可能不努力而有所作為。

Allthiscannotbeachievedovernight.這一切不是朝夕之間可做到的。

I’veachievedonlyhalfofwhatIhopedtodo.我只完成了我原想完成的一半。

behavedbadlylearntobehave2.behave(1)vi.toact;bearoneself行為,舉止,舉止適當或有禮她表現出了很大的勇氣.She

behavedwithgreatcourage.他對顧客的態度不好.He____________to(towards)thecustomers.你應該學會舉止得體Youshould______________.(2)vt.(oneself)inasociallyacceptedorpoliteway舉止適當或有禮Pleasebehave(yourselves),children.(3)vi.(ofthings)toactinaparticularway(指事物)有某種作用我的攝像機自從修好后一直很正常。Mycamera____________________sinceitwasrepaired.hasbeenbehaving

wellbehaviour

n.Their

behaviour

towardsmeshowsthattheydon’tlikeme.Shewasashamedofherchild’s

behaviour.5.worthwhile形容詞；常用法beworthwhiledoing/todo

aworthwhileexperiment/job.Theexperimentis

worthwhile.Itisworthwhile

todothejob./doingthejob.Nursingisaveryworthwhilecareer.

worth:值得的這輛自行車值50英鎊。Thebicycleisworth￡50.這個博物館（非常）值得參觀。Themuseumis(well)worthvisiting.

worthy:值得的eg.Heisworthyofourpraise.Heisworthyofbeingpraised.Heisworthytobepraised.

beworth(doing)sth.beworthyofbeingdone/sthbeworthytobedone…Exercises值得下工夫去學習一門外語。It’s_________________aforeignlanguage.=Learningaforeignlanguageisworthwhile.=Aforeignlanguageisworthlearning=Aforeignlanguageisworthytobelearned.=Aforeignlanguageisworthyofbeinglearned.worthwhiletolearn2.這本書很值得一讀。Thebookis_________________=Itisworthwhiletoreadthebook.well

worth

reading.這位科學家一生都在觀察星星。Thescientisthasobservedthestarsallhislife.Iobservedastrangergo/goingintotheoffice.我注意到班上有幾個學生睡著了。Iobservedthatseveralstudentswereasleepinclass.3.

Observe(1)vi.&vt.tonotice/watchcarefully觀察注意到

They___thetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.saw

B.watchedC.noticedD.observedobserve+n./pron./sb.doing/dosththat-cl

B(2)vt.toobey;toactinaccordancewith

遵守，順從我們必須遵守交通規則。Wemustobservethetrafficrules.(3)vt.toholdorcelebrate舉行（儀式等）慶祝（節日等）你們國家的人慶祝圣誕節嗎？Doyou

inyourcountry?observeChristmasDay4.argue(vi.)+withsb.about/oversth.同某人辯論某事Theyarearguingwiththeirclassmatesaboutthesolutiontotheproblem.他們正在和同學爭論這個問題的解決方法。Theyarearguingwitheachotheraboutthejusticeofthewar.他們正在爭執戰爭是否正當。argue(vt.)+n./clause(從句)/sb.tobe…我們據理力爭我們應該得到更高的薪水。Weargued他花錢的方式說明他很富有。Thewayhespendsmoneythatweshouldbepaidmore.

argues

himtoberich.arguefor/against為、為反對……而辯論工人們為爭取罷工的權力而辯論。Theworkersargued

fortherighttostrike.一些人為反對自由貿易辯論。Somepeopleargueagainstfreetrade.5.inspire:鼓舞;激發;啟示adj.inspired/inspiringn.inspirationShewasantoallofus.Herspeechmadeus.Wearedeterminedtolearnfromherandtrytodoourjobbetter.inspiringinspiredinspirationHewasan____poetatthattimeandhis____poemsspreadthroughallthecountry.inspired;inspiredB.inspiring;inspiredC.inspired;inspiringD.inspiring;inspiringsupport是個兼類詞，可用作動詞或名詞，且含義豐富，為此，特將其用法歸納如下。一、用作動詞，指“支撐、給某人（物）以積極援助或支持”

1．支撐，負擔(重量)，托；攙扶Isthebridgestrongenoughtosupportheavylorries?Shestoodup,supportingherselfonthearmsofthechair.BillhadtosupportJillorshewouldhavefallentothefloor.2．養(家)；維持(生活)；負擔(費用)；維持(壞習慣等)It'sdifficultforhimtosupporthimselfonsuchasmallsalary.Air,foodanddrinkarenecessarytosupportlife.Ourschoolissupportedbythegovernment.Hestolefromhismother'ssavingstosupporthisdrughabit.3．支持，贊成Hisfamilysupportedhiminhisdecision.Shesupportsbirthcontrol.4．證實，證明是對的(真的)Hetoldusfactswhichsupportedhisidea.Theseresultssupportmyoriginalidea.二、用作名詞1.支撐物(可數)Ifyoudon'tputasupportunderthatroofitwillfalldown.Oneofthesupportsofthebridgecollapsed.2.支柱(可數)Iamtheonlysupportofmyfamily.3.支持(不可數)Theplanwascancelled(取消)becauseoflackofsupport.IthoughtI'dcomeandgiveyoualittlemoral(道義上的)support.4.養家，贍養(不可數)Onhershouldersfallsthesupportofthewholefamily.三、習慣用語和結構1．insupportof支持，證明(作狀語)Heevenmadesomeexperimentsinsupportofhisviews.Hespokeinsupportoftheplan.2．cometoone'ssupport來支持某人Wouldyoucometomysupport?3.supportsb.insth.在某方面支持某人Wesupportthepolicewholeheartedlyintheirworkagainstcrime.1.Hehadalargefamilyto________,sohehadtoworkdayandnight.A.rise

B.supply

C.support

D.run2.Moreevidenceneedstobefoundto________yourstatement.A.applyto

B.standfor

C.provide

D.support3.Theoldmanwalkedacrossthebridge,withPeter________him.A.support

B.supports

C.supporting

D.supported4.________greatsupporthewastousallinourtimeofneed.A.Whata

B.What

C.Howa

D.How5.Canhesupplyanyevidence________hisinnocence(清白無辜)?A.insupportfor

B.insupportof

C.tosupport

D.supportingB)用support的適當形式填空。6.Theneckisthe________ofthehead.7.Hewasknockedoutoftheelectionbecauseofalackof________.8.Hehasawifeandsixchildren________.supportsupporttosupport7.referto的用法1.表示“查閱”或“參考”之意。2.表示“談到”或“提到”之意。3.表示“適用于”或“涉及到”之意。()ThesebooksrefertoAsianproblems.()Ifyouwanttoknowhistelephonenumber,youmayrefertothetelephonedirectory.

()TheoldsoldierreferredtohisexperiencesduringtheLongMarch.()Theseregulationsreferonlytochildren.()Pleasedon'trefertohispastagain.

21232一、refer...to...的用法1.表示“把……提交給……”或“把……委托給……”之意。Tomisgoingtoreferthemattertothemeeting.湯姆打算把這件事提交到會議上去處理。Idon'twanttoreferthispatienttoanirresponsibledoctor.我不想把這個病人交給一個不負責的醫生。2.表示“使……向……請教”或“使……求助于……”之意。IreferredhertoTomforfurtherinformation.我讓她到湯姆那兒去詢問詳情。TheteacherreferredmetoChapterIII.老師叫我去查第三章。3.表示“把……歸功于……”之意。

Hereferredhissuccesstothegoodeducationhehadhad.他把他的成功歸功于他所受的良好教育。4.表示“認為……起源于……”之意。TheinventionofthepapermakingisreferredtoChina.造紙術起源于中國。二、referto...as...意為“把……稱作……”。HeisreferredtoasalivingLeiFeng.他被稱作是一個活雷鋒。4.determination、determine的用法▲構詞：determinationn.決心，決斷，決意；決定，確定▲搭配：①determinetodosth決定做某事②determineon/upon(doing)sth決定③amanofdetermination有決斷力的人4）bedeterminedtodo…下定了決心”。【考例】[2001京皖春招]BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustknowwhyitdoesnotwork.Forexample,hemust____thepartsthatarewrong.A.checkB.determineC.correctD.endvt.(1)想要，打算；企圖

(2)設計；計劃

(3)意指；意思足

Iintendtogohome.

我想回家。

Thebookisintendedforbeginners.

本書是為初學者編寫的。

Whatdoyouintendbythatremark?

你說這話是什么意