氮?dú)獍踩A(chǔ)知識(shí)

BasicNitrogenSafety

2TrainingObjective培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)PhysicalandChemicalPropertiesoftheNitrogen氮的基本物理化學(xué)特性NitrogenHazardsIdentification氮的危險(xiǎn)性辨識(shí)NitrogenHandlingandStorageSafety氮的處理和儲(chǔ)存安全Bytheendofthistraining,youwillbeabletoknow:

培訓(xùn)結(jié)束后應(yīng)了解：3氮的基本物理化學(xué)特性Undercertainconditions,nitrogencanreactviolentlywithlithium,neodymium,titanium[above1472°F(800°C)],andmagnesiumtoformnitrides.Athightemperatureitcanalsocombinewithoxygenandhydrogen.高溫，直接接觸鋰，釹，鈦，鎂。在特定條件下會(huì)與鋰，釹，鈦（超過(guò)800°C），鎂形成氮化物，高溫下還會(huì)與氫氣，氧氣反應(yīng)。APPEARANCE:Colorless,odorless,tastelessgasatnormaltemperatureandpressure.外觀：常溫常壓下無(wú)色無(wú)味無(wú)臭的氣體MELTINGPOINTat1atm熔點(diǎn):-346°F(-210°C)BOILINGPOINTat1atm沸點(diǎn):--320.44°F(-195.80°C)VAPORDENSITYat70°F(21.1°C)and1atm蒸汽密度:0.0724lb/ft3(1.160kg/m3)SPECIFICGRAVITY(Air=1)at70°F(21.1°C)and1atm對(duì)空氣比重:0.967SOLUBILITYINWATER,vol/volat32°F(0°C)水中溶解性:0.023PERCENTVOLATILESBYVOLUME揮發(fā)性:100MOLECULARWEIGHT分子量:28.014NitrogenApplications氮?dú)獾膽?yīng)用

Nitrogenfindsuseindiversecommercialapplications,including:氮?dú)獗粦?yīng)用在不同的領(lǐng)域，包括：

ChemicalProcessing...化工工藝Food...食品PetroleumRecoveryandRefining...石油回收和精煉MetalProductionandFabrication...金屬生產(chǎn)和加工Electronics...電子GlassManufacturing...玻璃制造ResearchandHealthServices..研究和健康服務(wù)Construction...建筑5HazardsIdentification危險(xiǎn)辨識(shí)Asphyxiant窒息Decompressionsickness潛涵作業(yè)所致的減壓病Hiddenhazardsisthemostdangerous!!!看不到的危險(xiǎn)才是最大的危險(xiǎn)！！！6Asphyxiant窒息Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Breathmorethan90%ofNitrogen,immediate

Asphyxiated.BreathpureNitrogen,1or2breathscouldendangeryourlife.

吸入含有高濃度（即大于90%）的氮?dú)饽茉斐裳杆僦舷ⅰH吸入一或二口純氮?dú)饩涂赡芤鹚劳觥oderateconcentrationsmaycauseheadache,drowsiness,dizziness,excitation,excesssalivation,vomiting,andunconsciousness.Lackofoxygencankill.大約80%或更高的氮濃度能夠?qū)θ藗儼踩剡M(jìn)行工作的能力有不良影響。吸入富含氮?dú)獾目諝饪赡芤痤^暈、倦睡、惡心、嘔吐、流涎、減小精神警覺(jué)性、喪失知覺(jué)和死亡。Thesesymptomsaresimilartothoseofgeneralmalaiseandarenotrecognisedasasphyxiationbythevictim在過(guò)度暴露氮?dú)獾恼髡谆虬Y狀成為明顯之前，人的生命可能已處于危險(xiǎn)中。過(guò)度暴露于氮?dú)獾膫€(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)立即移送至新鮮空氣處，應(yīng)當(dāng)迅速尋求醫(yī)生醫(yī)療。注：液氮是一個(gè)氮?dú)猱a(chǎn)生源。

7Decompressionsickness潛涵作業(yè)所致的減壓病Decompression

sicknessresultsfromnitrogenbubblesforminginthetissuesorbloodstreamandmovingtootherareasofthebodyafterarapidreductioninthesurroundingpressureandischaracterizedbypaininthejointsandabdomen.bends.潛水員深替時(shí)，可發(fā)生氮的麻醉作用；若從高壓環(huán)境下過(guò)快轉(zhuǎn)入常壓環(huán)境，體內(nèi)會(huì)形成氮?dú)鈿馀荩瑝浩壬窠?jīng)、血管或造成徽血管阻塞，發(fā)生“減壓病”。

8ForbidAction禁忌使用氮?dú)鈱⒉挥糜谝韵履康模?/p>

Tocleannormalsurface一般的表面清理，包括工藝區(qū)域、維修車間、室外工作區(qū)域和任何設(shè)備的外表面（此禁用并不適用于工藝使用氮?dú)庾鳛榇祾呓橘|(zhì)而且其排放是至一個(gè)受控的地方[如不可能有人員暴露于氮?dú)獾耐L(fēng)極好的地方]。）Todriverpneumaticgears.驅(qū)動(dòng)氣動(dòng)工具Toreplacethetechnicsormeterair.作為替代或備用的工藝或儀表空氣，除非書面的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估已認(rèn)定所有潛在危害和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)減少措施已完成并且有書面的管理系統(tǒng)到位，以防人員不經(jīng)意地暴露于氮?dú)狻oputoutafireintheareawherepeoplestay.在一個(gè)有人或可能有人存在的區(qū)域中作為工程應(yīng)急、整體充溢、滅火系統(tǒng)中用來(lái)滅火或冷卻反應(yīng)物料的介質(zhì)9HandlingandStorageSafety操作和儲(chǔ)存安全HandlingandstoragePraxairNitrogenProductSafetyNitrogen,compressed氮?dú)猓ǜ邏旱模┑ǖ蜏匾后w）10Nitrogen,compressed高壓氮?dú)釩AUTION!High-pressuregas.Cancauserapidsuffocation.Maycausedizzinessanddrowsiness.Self-containedbreathingapparatusmayberequiredbyrescueworkers.Underambientconditions,thisacolorless,odorless,inertgas.警告！高壓氣體。能快速使人窒息。引起昏迷，沉睡。營(yíng)救人員可能要穿戴自助式呼吸設(shè)備。Inhalation.Asphyxiant.Effectsareduetolackofoxygen.Moderateconcentrationsmaycauseheadache,drowsiness,dizziness,excitation,excesssalivation,vomiting,andunconsciousness.Lackofoxygencankill.吸入危害：窒息性氣體。由于缺氧，中等濃度會(huì)引起頭痛，昏迷，昏睡，面色蒼白，流口水，嘔吐，失去知覺(jué)，缺氧死亡。11PROTECTIONOFFIREFIGHTERS:注意事項(xiàng)及措施：CAUTION!High-pressuregas.Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Evacuateallpersonnelfromdangerarea.Immediatelydelugecylinderswithwaterfrommaximumdistanceuntilcool;thenmovethemawayfromfireareaifwithoutrisk.Shutoffflowifyoucandosowithoutrisk.Self-containedbreathingapparatusmayberequiredbyrescueworkers.小心！高壓氣體。窒息性。缺氧會(huì)致人死亡。將危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域的人員疏散，從遠(yuǎn)處向鋼瓶噴水降溫，在無(wú)危險(xiǎn)的情況下，將鋼瓶移出火災(zāi)區(qū)域并止住泄漏。營(yíng)救人員按當(dāng)時(shí)情況穿戴自給式呼吸器12AccidentalReleaseMeasures應(yīng)急處理：CAUTION!High-pressuregas.Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Evacuateallpersonnelfromdangerarea.Useself-containedbreathingapparatuswhereneeded.Shutoffflowifyoucandosowithoutrisk.Ventilateareaormovecylindertoawell-ventilatedarea.Testforsufficientoxygen,especiallyinconfinedspaces,beforeallowingreentry.小心！高壓氣體。窒息性。由于缺氧而引起死亡。迅速疏散人群，進(jìn)行隔離，限制出入。如有需要穿戴自給式呼吸器，在確認(rèn)無(wú)危險(xiǎn)的情況下，盡可能堵住泄漏，對(duì)該區(qū)域進(jìn)行通風(fēng)或?qū)撈恳频酵L(fēng)處。再次進(jìn)入前，一定要檢測(cè)氧氣的濃度。13PRECAUTIONSTOBETAKENINHANDLING操作注意事項(xiàng)：Protectcylindersfromdamage.Useasuitablehandtrucktomovecylinders;donotdrag,roll,slide,ordrop.Neverattempttoliftacylinderbyitscap;thecapisintendedsolelytoprotectthevalve.Neverinsertanobjectintocapopenings;doingsomaydamagethevalveandcausealeak.Useanadjustablestrapwrenchtoremoveover-tightorrustedcaps.Openvalveslowly.Closevalveaftereachuse;keepclosedevenwhenempty.Ifvalveishardtoopen,discontinueuseandcontactyoursupplier.使用合適的工具搬運(yùn)鋼瓶，切忌野蠻操作。密閉操作，加強(qiáng)通風(fēng)。操作員必須經(jīng)過(guò)專門培訓(xùn)，嚴(yán)格遵守操作規(guī)程，鋼瓶瓶帽是為了防護(hù)閥門的，不得使用不合適的工具開(kāi)具瓶帽，否則會(huì)損傷閥門。若瓶帽很難打開(kāi)，則與供應(yīng)商聯(lián)系。不得將鋼瓶作接地器械使用。PRECAUTIONSTOBETAKENINSTORAGE:儲(chǔ)存注意事項(xiàng)：Storeandusewithadequateventilation.Alwayssecurecylindersuprighttokeepthemfromfallingorbeingknockedover.Installvalveprotectioncap,ifprovided,firmlyinplacebyhand.Storeonlywheretemperaturewillnotexceed125°F(52°C).Storefullandemptycylindersseparately.Useafirst-in,first-outinventorysystemtopreventstoringfullcylindersforlongperiods.應(yīng)存放在通風(fēng)良好處，存放時(shí)，鋼瓶應(yīng)處于直立狀態(tài)，用鏈條固定，裝好閥門保護(hù)罩。溫度不高于52oC的地方。空，滿瓶分開(kāi)儲(chǔ)存。以先進(jìn)先出的原則，保證滿瓶勿長(zhǎng)時(shí)間存放。14Nitrogen,RefrigeratedLiquidSafetyAttentionWARNING!Extremelycoldliquidandgasunderpressure.Cancauserapidsuffocation.Cancauseseverefrostbite.Maycausedizzinessanddrowsiness.Self-containedbreathingapparatusandprotectiveclothingmayberequiredbyrescueworkers.Underambientconditions,thisisacolorless,odorless,cryogenicliquid.警告！一定壓力下深冷的液體和氣體。將危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域的人員疏散，從遠(yuǎn)處向鋼瓶噴水降溫，小心不要將水噴到容器的放空閥，不要與液態(tài)的氮?dú)饣旌希驗(yàn)檫@會(huì)導(dǎo)致快速結(jié)冰。在無(wú)危險(xiǎn)的情況下，關(guān)閉泄漏，在無(wú)危險(xiǎn)的情況下，將已經(jīng)冷卻的鋼瓶移出火災(zāi)區(qū)域。救護(hù)人員可能需要穿戴自給式呼吸器。Forexposuretoliquid,immediatelywarmfrostbiteareawithwarmwaternottoexceed105°F(41°C).Incaseofmassiveexposure,removeclothingwhileshoweringwithwarmwater.Callaphysician.接觸深冷液體，立即用不超過(guò)41°C的溫水沖洗凍傷的部位。若有大面積接觸深冷液體，除去衣物，用溫水沖洗。就醫(yī)。

Removetofreshair.Ifnotbreathing,giveartificialrespiration.Ifbreathingisdifficult,qualifiedpersonnelmaygiveoxygen.Callaphysician.窒息迅速轉(zhuǎn)移到空氣新鮮處，若無(wú)呼吸，進(jìn)行人工呼吸。若呼吸困難，由專業(yè)人員輸氧。就醫(yī)。

15PROTECTIONOFFIREFIGHTERS:注意事項(xiàng)及措施：WARNING!Extremelycoldliquidandgasunderpressure.Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Evacuateallpersonnelfromdangerarea.Immediatelyspraycontainerswithwaterfrommaximumdistanceuntilcool,takingcarenottodirectsprayintoventsontopofcontainers.Donotdischargespraysintoliquidnitrogen;itwillfreezewaterrapidly.Shutoffflowifyoucandosowithoutrisk.Whencontainershavecooled,movethemawayfromfireareaifwithoutrisk.Self-containedbreathingapparatusandprotectiveclothingmayberequiredbyrescueworkers.警告！一定壓力下深冷的液體和氣體。液氮?dú)饣笥忻黠@的氣霧，液氮會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的凍傷。鋼瓶不得暴露在超過(guò)52攝氏度的環(huán)境中。液氮鋼瓶有卸壓裝置。將危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域的人員疏散，從遠(yuǎn)處向鋼瓶噴水降溫，小心不要將水噴到容器的放空閥，不要與液態(tài)的氮?dú)饣旌希驗(yàn)檫@會(huì)導(dǎo)致快速結(jié)冰。在無(wú)危險(xiǎn)的情況下，關(guān)閉泄漏，在無(wú)危險(xiǎn)的情況下，將已經(jīng)冷卻的鋼瓶移出火災(zāi)區(qū)域。救護(hù)人員可能需要穿戴自給式呼吸器。

16AccidentalReleaseMeasures應(yīng)急處理：WARNING!Extremelycoldliquidandgasunderpressure.Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Evacuateallpersonnelfromdangerarea.Useself-containedbreathingapparatusandprotectiveclothingwhereneeded.Liquidcausesseverefrostbite,aburn-likeinjury.Shutoffflowifyoucandosowithoutrisk.Avoidcontactwithspilledliquidandallowittoevaporate.Ventilateareaofleakormovecontainertoawell-ventilatedarea.Testforsufficientoxygen,especiallyinconfinedspaces,beforeallowingreentry.警告！一定壓力下深冷的液體和氣體，窒息性。由于缺氧而引起死亡。迅速疏散人群，進(jìn)行隔離，限制出入。如有需要穿戴自給式呼吸器，深冷液體會(huì)引起凍傷。在確認(rèn)無(wú)危險(xiǎn)的情況下，盡可能堵住泄漏。避免接觸深冷的液體，讓液體自然的蒸發(fā)，通風(fēng)泄露的區(qū)域，對(duì)該區(qū)域進(jìn)行通風(fēng)或?qū)撈恳频酵L(fēng)處。再次進(jìn)入前，一定要檢測(cè)氧氣的濃度。17PRECAUTIONSTOBETAKENINHANDLING:操作注意事項(xiàng)：Donotgetliquidineyes,onskin,oronclothing.Neverallowanyunprotectedpartofyourbodytotouchuninsulatedpipesorvesselscontainingcryogenicfluids.Fleshwillsticktotheextremelycoldmetalandwilltearwhenyoutrytopullfree.Forliquidwithdrawal,wearfaceshieldandcryogenicgloves.Useasuitablehandtrucktomovecontainers.Alwayshandleandstorecryogeniccontainersinanuprightposition.Donotdroporti