Unit2JobsandCareersObjectives:★firstlisten,andthenlearntoaskaboutjobopportunitiesandgoforjobinterviews★readaboutonlinejobapplicationsanddreamjobs★writeabouthowtofindapotentialjob★practicetheuseofunrealconditions★writeyourownrésumé★visitCultureSalontolearntotellthedifferencebetweenjobandcareerIPassageAYourDreamJob:AClickAway1.SummarySincemoststudentswillchoosetoworkaftergraduation,job-huntingisofgreatimportancetothem.Theywillwriteplentyofrésumésabouttheireducationandsendthemtothecompaniestheywanttoworkfor.Ittakesbothtimeandenergytodoso.Now,thankstothedevelopmentoftheInternet,job-huntinghasbecomemucheasier.Job-hunterscanfindajobjustbyclickingamouseonthecomputer.ManyofthemmaketheirdreamcometruethroughtheInternet.Thisarticledescribestheexperiencesoffivepeoplewhousedonlinesourcestolookfornewjobs.TheresaSmithusedtheJOB-TRAKwebsitetofindanadministrativeassistant’sjobatauniversity.StevenToolsusedtheCareerBuilderwebsitetofindamarketingmanagementposition.MadelineGraggusedYahoo!tofindajobteachingEnglishinJapan.NedzadDozlicusedanewspaperwebsitetofindadriver’sjobwithacardealership.WendyMellousedCareerBuildertofindapositioninhumanresourcesforamedia-information-servicescompany.Melloalsousedanotherwebsitetocalculatethecostoflivinginhernewlocationandtodecidewhatsalarytorequest.Allthesearetypicalexamplesofonlinejobsearches,sincemanydifferenttypesofjobscannowbefoundthisway.2.LanguagePoints1.career:ajoborprofessionforwhichoneistrainedandwhichoneintendstofollowforthewholeofone’slifeExamples:Therearemanymorecareersopentowomennowthanfiftyyearsago.FlorenceNightingalemadenursinghercareer.2.referto:1)send(someoneorsomething)to(usuallysomeoneelse)fordecisionoractionExamples:TheLocalCourthasreferredthewholecasetotheHighCourt.ThedisputebetweenthetwocountrieswasreferredtotheUnitedNations.2)mention;speakaboutExamples:Don’trefertothematteragain.Thespeakerreferredtohispastexperience.3.criteria:(pl.)anestablishedrule,standard,orprinciple,onwhichajudgmentisbasedExamples:Whatcriteriadoyouusewhenjudgingthequalityofastudent’swork?Thereareseveralcriteriaofagoodschool.4.salary:fixed(usuallymonthly)payforregularworkExamples:Myfatherdrawshissalaryattheendofeverymonth.Don’tspendallofyoursalary.Trytoputsomethingawayeachmonth.5.resident:apersonwholives(inaplace)andisnotjustavisitorExamples:Thelocalresidentswereangryatthelackofparkingspaces.Teacross:meetordiscover,especiallybychanceExamples:Ihavejustcomeacrossabeautifulpoeminthisbook.Shecameacrosssomeoldlettersinthecourseofhersearch.7.curious:eagertoknoworlearnExamples:Theboywascuriousabouteverythinghesaw.MissMatfieldthrewacuriousglanceather.8.fillout/in:putin(whateverisneededtocompletesomething)Examples:AfterTompassedhisdrivingtesthefilledoutanapplicationforhisdriver’slicense.Thepolicemanfilledoutareportoftheaccident.9.fillup:makeorbecomecompletelyfullExamples:Theroomsoonwasfilledupwithpeople.Therainhasfilleduptheditchesagain.10.available:abletobegot,obtained,used,etc.Examples:Alimitednumberofseatsarestillavailable.TherewerenoticketsavailableforFriday’sperformance.11.elevate:makebetter,higher,ormoreeducatedExamples:Theclerkwaselevatedtoamanagerialposition.Thegovernmentistryingtoelevatethelivingstandardsofthepeople.12.scan:lookthroughquicklyExamples:Hescannedthenewspaperwhilehavinghisbreakfast.Hcedure:anactionorsetofactionsnecessaryfordoingsomethingExamples:Writingacheckisquiteasimpleprocedure.Wehaveworkedoutanewsetofproceduresforusingthismachine.14.spot:pickout,recognize,see(onepersonorthingoutofmany)Examples:Hewasthefirsttospotthedanger.Wespottedthewinnerofthebeautycontestthemomentsheappeared.15.variety:numberorgroupofdifferentthingsExamples:Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforavarietyofreasons.Thecollegelibraryhasawidevarietyofbooks.16.potential:thatcanormaycomeintoexistenceoractionExamples:Althoughthisareaisverypoornow,itspotentialwealthisgreat.Weshouldalwaysbeonthelookoutforpotentialdangers.17.learnof:becomeinformedofExamples:Howdidyoulearnofourproduct?Wasitthroughouradvertisement?Ilearnedofyournewaddressfromyourparents.18.via:bymeansof;usingExamples:I’vereadthisFrenchplayviaanEnglishtranslation.IsentamessagetoMaryviahersister.19.annual:ofoneyearExamples:Theannualfarmoutputwastobeincreasedby4to5percent.Mr.White’sannualincomeis$36000.20.financial:connectedwithmoneyExamples:Inthatcasetheywouldreceivefinancialaidfromthestate.Theyarenowconfrontedwithaseriousfinancialcrisis.21.current:ofpresenttimeExamples:Theysuggestedmeasurestoovercomecurrentdifficulties.Insomeschoolschildrenstudycurrentaffairsasasubject.22.flash:showforamomentExamples:Thenewsflashedontelevision.Heflasheda$10noteatthemanbythedoor.23.detailed:withalotoffactsgivenExamples:Hegavemeadetailedaccountofhiswork.Hekeptadetaileddiaryofthemeetings.3.Importantsentences1.Thecareerplacementcenterreferredtheliberal-artsmajortoJOB-TRAK,anInternetsitelisting45000entry-levelpositions.ThecareerplacementcenteradvisesthestudentmajoringinliberalartstovisitJOB-TRAK,awebsitecontaining45000jobsfornewworkers.2.SmithisoneAmericanwhoclickedherwayintoajob.SmithisoneAmericanwhofoundajobonline.3.“TheInternetislikehiringapersonalassistant,”saysTools.“Effortlesslyyoucanbecomeawareofopportunitiesthatmayelevateyourcareer.”TheInternetislikeapersonalhelper.Itpresentsyouwithinformationaboutpossiblechancestoimproveyourcareer.4.Mostmajornewspapersandtradepublicationshaveonlineversionsoftheirclassifiedlistings,enablingjob-seekerstoscanforworkavailableacrosstown,inanotherstate,oraroundtheworld.Mostmajornewspapersandspecialistjournalshavetheirjobadvertisementsonline,tohelpjobseekersquicklyspotjobvacanciesanywhereintheworld.5.ArefugeeofthewarinBosnia,Dozlichadhadavarietyofjobsbutwasnowreadyforsomethingnew.Dozlic,whoescapedfromthewarinBosnia,haddoneseveraldifferentjobsbutwasnowreadytofindanewone.6.Tofindoutmoreaboutthecompany,sheclickedontoArtitron’shomepageandthatofitsparentcompany,CeridianCorp.,whereshereviewedanannualreportandthecompany’sfinancialperformance.Tolearnmoreaboutthecompanysheentereditswebsiteandthewebsiteofitsheadquarters,andstudiedthecompany’syearlyreportandfinancialsituations.7.Byaccessinganonlinerealestateservice,shesawcolorphotosofrentalproperties...Throughanonlinerealestatesite,shesawpicturesofhomeswhichapersoncanrentratherthanbuy...4.PracticalWritingReferenceKeyThereareseveralthingsyoucannotignorewhentrackingdowninformationonjobopenings.First,youshouldconsultyourfriends,relatives,orneighbors,whomayofferinformationunavailableelsewhere.Second,youshouldreadtheclassifiedsectioninthenewspapersoften.Next,remembertoregisterwithtwoorthreerecruitmentagencies.Finally,don’tforgettomakeuseoftheInternet.Intoday’ssocietytheInternetisaquickandcost-effectivemethodforemployerstoannouncetheiremploymentneeds.Therefore,ifyoulogontotheInternet,youjustmightfindyourdreamjob.IIPassageBDreamJobs:CollegeStudentsMakeTheirPicks1.SummaryForrecentcollegegraduates,findingajobisalotlikefindingamatchwhendating.InitsannualsurveyofU.S.collegestudents,theresearchfirmUniversumUSAaskeditsmorethan60000respondentstoidentifythecharacteristicstheyassociatewithdreamemployers,andbrokedowntheresultsintosevenpersonalitytypes:careerists,entrepreneurs,explorers,harmonizers,hunters,idealistsandleaders.Googlecontinuedtorankasthebigfavorite,takingtheNo.1spotinfiveofthepersonalitytypesandtakingatopthreespotinallseven.Applewasinthetopthreewithsixofthepersonalitytypes,andDisneywasinthetopthreeforfive,includingidealists,whorankeditNo.1aheadofGoogle.Banks,oilcompanies,andtheBigFouraccountingfirmslostsomeoftheirlusteramongbusinessstudents,butgovernmentandnonprofitemployershadagoodyearamongcareerists.DisneyandApple,perceivedasofferingdynamic,challengingworksettings,gainedgroundinthisyear’ssurveywithseveralpersonalitytypes.PetterNylander,chiefexecutiveofUniversum,saysit’sclearthatyoungpeoplewantemployerswhosharetheirvaluesandareagoodfitfortheirpersonality.“Whatyouseeisyoungemployeesselectingcompaniesthatconfirmtheirviewsofthemselves,”hesays.LanguagePoints1.personality:characteristicsandqualitiesofapersonseenasawholeExamples:Parentshavegreatinfluencesonthedevelopmentofachild’spersonality.I’mdeeplyimpressedbothbyyourpersonalityandtalent.2.genuine:authentic;sincereExamples:Iwasshockedtoknowthatsuchanexpensivepaintingwasnotgenuine.Havingbeenworkingherefor20years,Idohaveagenuineloveforthecampus.3.connection:relationshipExamples:Myconclusionisthatthereisnoconnectionbetweenthetwoincidents.Wecanseeaclearconnectionbetweenone’sattitudeandone’sperformance.4.armcandy:(informal)asexuallyattractivepersonwhoaccompaniesanotheratsocialeventsExamples:Tonyusuallyhadtwoprettygirlsaccompanyhimtopartiesasarmcandy.She’dalreadyhadmini-rolesineightmovieswhensheturnedupasGeorgeSanders’armcandyinthepartyscenesofthisfilm.5.survey:investigationusingapoolorquestionnaireExamples:Arecentsurveyfoundthat36%ofthewomenaskeddidnotfeelsafewalkingaloneatnight.Theyranasurveyofthemostpopulartelevisionprograms.6.identify:recognizeordistinguish(asbeingthespecifiedpersonorthing)Examples:Thisisacoursethatteachesustoidentifyplantsandflowers.Canyouidentifyyourumbrellaamongthislot?7.characteristic:distinguishingfeatureExamples:Apersonofyourcharacteristicissuretobepopularwithyoungpeoplelikecollegestudents.Generosityisoneofhisnicestcharacteristics.8.associate:connectinthought,memoryorimaginationExamples:WhiskyisusuallyassociatedwithScotland.PeoplewillalwaysassociatethenameofSteveJobswithApple.9.break(something)down(into):bedividedordivideintopartsExamples:Expenditureontheprojectbreaksdownasfollows:rawmaterials$1m,equipment$2m,wages$2m.Waterisbrokendownintohydrogenandoxygen.10.prestigious:havingorbringingprestige;havinghighstatusExamples:YaleUniversityisoneoftheworld’smostprestigiousuniversities.Onlythemostprestigiousscholarsdeservesuchatitle.11.recruit:enroll(someone)asamemberorworkerinanorganization;enlistExamples:Thecoachrecruitednineboysforthebaseballteam.Ouruniversityrecruitedmorestaffthisyearthanlastyear.12.assignment:adutyorpieceofworkthatisgiventosomeonetodoExamples:Fivestaffmembershaveagreedtotakeontheone-yearassignmentinAfrica.Thisisadifficultassignmentforhim,buthehasmadeuphismindtocompleteit.13.balance:astateinwhichoppositeorcompetingforcesareevenlymatchedorgivenequalimportanceExamples:Shetriedtokeepherbalancebutstillfelloffthebike.Maintainingafavorablebalanceoftradeisadifficulttaskforthecountry.14.secure:feelingsafe,stable,andfreefromfearoranxietyExamples:Manyyoungpeopletodaydon’tfeelsecureabouttheirfuture.Hispositioninthecompanyisquitesecure.15.employment:aperson’stradeorprofessionExamples:Accordingtothereport,85%ofthecollegegraduateshavefoundemployment.Tpetitive:oforinvolvingcompetition;abletodoaswellasorbetterthanothersExamples:Thissupermarketoffersmorecompetitiveprices,soitsbusinessisverygood.Tspect:pictureinthemindorimagination,especiallyofafutureevent;thepossibilityorlikelihoodofsomefutureeventoccurringExamples:Heissoexcitedbytheprospectofhavinghisownhouseinsuchabigcity.Whenhethinksoftheprospectofaholidayabroad,hefeelsmotivatedtoworkhard.18.earnings:moneywhichisearnedbyworkingExamples:Thehusbandhastogivemostofhisearningstohiswifeeverymonth.Afteramonth’sworkmyearningsarejust1800Yuan.19.ethical:ofmoralsormoralquestions;morallycorrectExamples:Thisisanethicalissuethatweshouldneverneglect.Hisbehaviorisnotethical.20.designate:markorpointoutclearly;choose(someone/something)foraspecialpurposeExamples:Theboundariesbetweenthetwocountriesaredesignatedonthemap.Theeasternpartofthecityhasbeendesignatedasadevelopmentzone.21.overall:total;generalExamples:Myoverallimpressionofhimisthatheisverytalkative.Canyoutellmetheoverallcostoftheproject?22.favorite:apersonorthingthatislovedaboveallothersExamples:Hollywoodblockbustersaremyfavorites.Heisafavoritewithhisgrandfather.23.rank:give(someoneorsomething)arankorplacewithinagradingsystemExamples:Almostalltheschoolsrankthestudentsaccordingtotheirgrades.IrankGooglehigherthanApple.24.diversity:varietyExamples:Therewasadiversityofopinionsonwhetheranuclearplantshouldbebuiltnearthecity.Thetoleranceofdiversityisthekeytothesurvivaloftheworldinthe21stcentury.25.critical:oforatacrisis;decisive;crucialExamples:Theunemploymentprobleminthatcountryisverycriticalatpresent.Atthecriticalmomenthejumpedintotheriverandsavedtheboy.26.reflect:embodyorrepresent(something)inafaithfulorappropriatewayExamples:Herremarksattoday’smeetingreflectedherpersonality.Thearticlereflectedtheauthor’sopiniononthematter.27.belief:somethingoneacceptsastrueorreal;afirmlyheldopinionorconvictionExamples:Nothingcanshakemybeliefinhisintegrityandhonesty.Hehasastrongbeliefinthatcountry’shighereducation.28.ethnicity:stateofbelongingtoasocialgroupthathasacommonnationalorculturaltraditionExamples:Wewelcomealltalent,regardlessoftheirbackground,genderandethnicity.Inthisuniversityyoumustlearntogetalongwithpeopleofdifferentethnicities.29.attractive:havingthepowertoattractExamples:Themountainisveryattractiveatthistimeofyear.Hehasgotthreeveryattractivejoboffers.30.forstarters:firstofall,tostartwithExamples:Forstarters,wedon’thaveenoughtime.Heisnotsuitableforthetask.Forstarters,hehasn’tgotanyexperienceindealingwithemergency.31.luster:softbrightnessofasmoothorshiningsurface;glory,distinctionExamples:Shecouldn’teat,andherhairlostitsluster.Bravedeedsaddlustertoone’sname32.consequence:aresultoreffectofanactionorcondition;importanceExamples:Drunkdrivingcanhaveverybadconsequences,somakesurethatyouneverviolatethelaw.Thisisanissueoftremendousconsequenceforthecountry.33.inaddition:asanextraperson,thing,orcircumstanceExamples:Inaddition,thereisaseveredroughtinmanyprovincesinthecountry.TheinternationallanguageschoolteachesEnglishandmathematicsinaddition.34.accountfor:makeup(aspecifiedamountorproportion)Examples:Thelocalpeoplejustaccountfor1/3oftheworkersinthefactory.Foodandclothingaccountforalargeportionofthefamily’smonthlyexpenditure.35.category:aclassordivisionofpeopleorthingsregardedashavingparticularsharedcharacteristicsExamples:Thebooksfallintotwocategories:thoseofsocialsciencesandthoseofnaturalsciences.Wecandividetheproductsofthecompanyintothreecategories.36.appealing:attractive,charming,interestingExamples:Thefilmisnotappealingtome.Theactor’svoicemakeshimveryappealingtohisfans.37.achievement:somethingsuccessfullyfinishedorgained,especiallythroughskillorhardworkExamples:Thescientistwasrewardedbythegovernmentforhisgreatachievementinricehybridsresearch.Thesuccessfullaunchandreturnofthemannedspacecraftwasagreatachievementofourcountry’smannedspaceprogram.38.further:helpthedevelopmentof(something);promoteExamples:Thisisagoodopportunityforyoutofurtheryourcareer.Theaimofthisactivityistofurtherourcauseofhelpingthedisabled.39.significant:ofnoticeableimportanceExamples:Theannualreportofthecompanyissignificantforthepublic.Ywork:interactwithotherpeopletoexchangeinformationanddevelopcontacts,especiallytofurtherone’scareerExamples:Heshowsgreatskillinnetworkingwithpeopleofdifferentpersonalities.Foryourself-development,ein:finishinthestatedplaceinaraceorcompetitionExamples:Georgecameinthirdinthe100-meterrace.Wheredidourteamcomein—secondorthird?42.likely:probable;thatisexpectedExamples:Ithinkitlikelythatwewillwinthematch.Thelikelyoutcomeofthenegotiationisacompromisemadeonbothsides.43.aswellas:inadditiontoExamples:Thereareyoungtreesaswellasflowersinhisgarden.Heishard-workingaswellasintelligent.44.reputation:thebeliefsoropinionsthataregenerallyheldaboutsomeoneorsomethingExamples:Thedoctorhasareputationforbeingverypatient.Theexperthaslosthisgoodreputationbecauseheoftenspeaksfortheprivileged.45.executive:apersonwithseniormanagerialresponsibilityinabusinessorganizationExamples:Heisoneofthecompany’sseniorexecutives.Asthechiefexecutivehespendsmuchtimeondecisionmaking.46.confirm:reinforcesomeonein(anopinion,belief,orfeeling);makedefiniteExamples:TheinformationprovidedbyMr.Whiteconfirmedmyjudgmentofthecompany’sfinancialstatus.Thecouple’sjointstatementintoday’snewspaperconfirmedtherumorthattheyhaddivorcedeachother.47.identity:thefactofbeingwhoorwhatapersonorthingisExamples:Showmeyouridentity