MerchantShipConstruction1142813107包均船舶類型知識1.按照航區進行分類遠洋oceangoing近海coastingservice受限制的近海restrictedcoastingservice沿海非國際coastingserviceandhometradelimit內河riverservice靜水smoothwaterservice受限制的靜水limitedsmoothwaterservice港內使用portuse1142813107包均2.按照船體所使用材料鋼船steelship木船woodenship水泥船cement

ship玻璃鋼船F.R.Pfiberglassreinforcedplastics鋁合金船aluminumalloyship3.按主機所在位置分類尾機型aftenginevessel中機型middleenginevessel中后尾機型middle-aftenginevessel1142813107包均4.按照用途分類雜貨船generalcargocarrier散貨船bulkcarrier油船oiltanker化學品船chemicaltanker液化氣船liquefiedgascarrier（LNGandLPGandLEG）liquefiednaturalgascarrier(LNGcarrier)液化天然氣船liquefiedpetroleumgascarrier(LPGcarrier)液化石油氣船liquefiedethylenecarrier(LEGcarrier)液化乙炔氣船1142813107包均TheShip-itsFunctions,FeaturesandTypes1142813219華盛勇商業的 merchant貨物 cargoes快速的 speedily經濟的 economically表面 surface近乎 approximately工作人員 crew方面 aspects航行 transportation氣候變化 weatherandclimaticchanges結構形式 thetypeofconstruction材料 material營運范圍 theareaofoperation雜貨船 thegeneralcargovessel液裝船 thetanker客輪 thepassengervessel作為運輸 asageneralcarrier單元為基礎 unit-based集裝箱船 containership托盤貨船 palletship滾裝船 “roll-on,roll-off”ship1142813219華盛勇特殊結構 specialisedforms進化過的 refined液化氣 liquefiedgases固定航線客船 cruiseliner渡輪 ferries骨架 framing縱骨架式 longitudinalframing橫骨架式 transverseframing復合骨架式 combinedframing加強材（肋骨） stiffening外板 theoutershellpalting低碳鋼 mildsteel特種鋼 specialsteel鋁 aluminium型材 section板材 plating高強度鋼 hightensilesteel上層建筑 superstructure合金 alloys上面區域 upperregions海船 ocean-goingvessels液箱 tanks1142813219華盛勇燃油 oilfuelstorage穩性 stability縱傾 trimarrangement抵抗 resist波 wave深海 heavysea內河船 inlandwaterwayvessel最高的 paramount適航性 seaworthy漂浮 remainingafloat各種海況下 inthevariousseastatesencountered巨型油輪 verylargecrudecarriers運輸 transport散貨船 bulkcarriage駁船 bargecarriers混裝貨船 combinationbulkcarriers外形特征 appearance布局 layout小變化的 minorvariationsexist1142813219華盛勇RefrigeratedgeneralcargoshipThefittingofrefrigerationplantsforthecoolingofcargoholdsenablesthecarriageofperishablefoodstuffsbysea.Refrigeratedshipsvarylittlefromgeneralcargoships.Theymayhavemorethanonetweendeck,andallholdspaceswillbeinsulatedtoreduceheattransfer.Cargomaybecarriedfrozenorchilleddependinguponitsnature.Refrigeratedshipsareusuallyfasterthangeneralcargoships,oftenhavingspeedsupto22knots,andtheymayalsocaterforupto12passengers.冷凍裝置安裝在貨船上能夠用于海上運輸易腐敗的食品，冷凍船由一般的貨船稍加改造而來。他們可能有一個以上的甲板，所有空間都將是絕緣的以降低導熱。貨船用于運輸冷藏或冷凍的貨物取決于它的性質。冷藏船通常比一般雜貨船快，往往具有速度高達22節，他們也可以容納多達12名乘客。refrigerate:冷藏、冷凍enable:使...能夠insulated：絕緣的，隔熱的1142813117季杰(a)Forecastledeckplatingbreak(b)PoopdeckplatingbreakUpperdeck上甲板Shellplating外板Offsetbulbplate偏置球板Forecastledeck艏樓甲板Flangedbracket折邊肘板Poopdeck尾樓甲板1142813117季杰Bulkcarriers散貨船分類1.靈便型（handysize），指載重2～4萬噸的干散貨船。2.超靈便型（supersize或handymax），指載重4～5萬噸的干散貨船。3.巴拿馬型（panamax）,指載重7～9萬噸的干散貨船。

4.好望角型（也叫海岬型）（capesize）,10萬載重噸以上的可以統稱為好望角性干散貨船。1142813207安楠更細的分類靈便型散貨船大湖型散貨船巴拿馬型散貨船Kamsarmax型超巴拿馬型散貨船好望角型散貨船20萬噸以上超大型散貨船VLOC1142813207安楠single-deck單層甲板transportsingle-commoditycargoes運輸散裝貨cargo-carrying貨艙區，ore礦砂Combinationcarriers混合用途/多用途散貨船lowdensitycargo低密度貨物ship'scentreofgravity船的重心wingtank舷側艙，centretank中間艙oiltight油密，particularequipment特定裝備handoil卸油1142813207安楠passengershipsAftpeaktank艉尖艙Machineryspaece機械區域Boilerroom鍋爐房Doublebottom雙底Stabilisres穩定器Watertank水箱Forepeaktank前尖艙Accommodationandrecreationareas住宿娛樂區1142813409陳天宇Wordsandphrasespassengerliner客船modernequivalent等效cruiseliner游輪cargo貨物promenadeareas散步區Aesthetically美學well-raked好用的arefittedto安裝maneuverability可操作性，機動性;可控性knots節時1142813409陳天宇Thetext

Thepassengerliner,oritsmodernequivalentthecruiseliner,existstoprovidemeansofluxurioustransportbetweeninterestingdestinations,inpleasantclimates,foritshumancargo.Thepassengertravelinginsuchshippaysfor,andexpects,superiorstandardofaccommodationandleisurefacilities.Largeamountsofsuperstructurearethereforeanessentialfeatureofpassengersbips.Severaltiersofdecksarefittedwithlargeopenlounges,ballrooms,swimmingpoolsandpromenadeareas.Aestheticallypleasinglinesareevidentwithusuallywell-rakedclipper-typebowsandunusualfunnelshapes.Stabilizersarefittedtoreducerollingandbowthrustdevicesareemployedforimprovedmaneuverability.Largepassengerlinersarerare,themoderate-sizedcruiselinerof12,000tonsdisplacementnowbeingthemoreprevalent.Passenger-carryingcapacityisaround600,withspeedsintheregionof22knots.

客船，或者與現代的巡航游輪相當，存在的意義就是為旅客在到達目的地之前提供奢華的運輸，有趣歡樂的旅行。旅客付費登上游輪之后，可享受到游輪提供的，期待中高水準的服務以及休閑放松的設施。數不勝數的頂級奢華成為游輪最顯著的特征。在一些甲板層中，有大量的娛樂室，舞廳，游泳池和散步區。帶有帆船風格和用恰好處的明顯線條裝飾的船首，不同尋常的煙囪，都給您帶來美學上的愉悅。良好的穩定設備可大大減小船體搖擺，船首破浪裝置增加了良好的操控性。巡航游輪非尋常之物，其中等巡航排水量為12000噸，是現在最流行的。最大載客人數大約為600人，區域航速22節時。1142813409陳天宇LiquefiedgastankersLiquefiedgastankers液化天然氣船separate分開methane甲烷paraffin石蠟cylindrical圓柱形spherical球形membrane膜leakage泄漏refrigerated冷藏displacement移位1142801232周褀KeywordsPhrasesatlowtemperature在低溫條件下besupportedby受支持aslowas低至beseparatedfrom從...分離beextractedfrom從...提取besurroundedby被包圍1142801232周褀Mainpoint

Aseparateinnertankisusuallyemployedtocontaintheliquidandthistankissupportedbytheouterhullwhichhasadoublebottom.一個單獨的內槽，通常采用向含有液體和該罐支承在外側船體具有雙層底。Thetanksusedmaybeprismatic,cylindricalorsphericalinshapeandself-supportingorofmembraneconstruction.所使用的可能是棱柱形，圓柱形或球形膜結構的形狀和自我支持。1142801232周褀Mainpoint

Separatecontainmenttankswithinthehullareusedandaresurroundedbyinsulationwherelowtemperatureareemployed.船體內分開容罐的使用和由絕緣其中低溫受雇于包圍.Displacementsizesforgascarriersrangeupyo60000tonnes,withspeedsof12-16knots.LiquefiedgascarriersaredealtwithinmoredetailinChapter8位移的大小為氣體運輸范圍可達喲60000噸，與12-16knots.液化氣體運輸船在第8章中處理更詳細地速度1142801232周褀TankersThekeywordsSpecially專門的Split分割分開Bulkheads艙壁Discharge卸船pump泵pumpproom泵艙contaminated被污染的ashore上岸accommodation居住艙enormous巨大的1142813237楊文迪Thephrasetranslationbulkliquidcargoes散裝液體貨物liquefiedpetroleumgas液化石油氣liquefiednaturalgas液化天然氣suctionarrangement抽吸裝置sloptank污水箱machineryspace機艙1142813237楊文迪ThesentencetranslationTheoiltankerhasthecargo-carryingsectionofthevesselsplitupintoindividualtanksbylonggitudinalandtransversebulkheads.翻譯：油輪已經有的船舶的載貨區分成單獨的縱、橫艙壁。Theaccommodationandmachineryspacesarelocatedaftinmoderntankers.翻譯：住宿和機械空間位于后現代的油輪。1142813237楊文迪Containerships歷史：ThefirstcontainershipwasUSAin1957withacargoshipconverted.Itsefficiencyis10timesbiggerthantheconventionalgeneralcargoship,porttimeisshortenedgreatly,andreducetheamountofcargoloadingandunloadingofcargo.Sincethen,thecontainershiphasobtainedtherapiddevelopment,tothe70'smatureThecontainervesselisacompletelynewship.Ithasnointernaldeck,cabininthestern,theshipisactuallyahugewarehouse,upto300meterslong,withaverticalslidewayisdividedintosmallcabinwhenthecontainership,thecontainerdeviceplaysarole,theshipencounteredbadweatheronthesea,theycanbefirmlyfixedcontainer.Becausethecontainersaremadeofmetal,andissealed,thegoodsinsidewillnotbeaffectedbyerosionofrainwateror.Containershipsdockedforgeneralcargoterminal,largecranehandlingspecializedterminals,itsefficiencycanreach1000perhour--2400tons,thanthegeneralcargoship--high30to79times.Therefore,forthemodernshippingindustrywidelyadoptedby.來點我啊1142813228浦曉東發展：Moderncontainershipistowardlarge-scale,high-speed,multidirection.China'scontainershipdevelopmentdespitealatestart,thedevelopmentspeedisveryfast.Ourcountryhasbuiltalotofcontainership,vigorousdevelopmentofcontainertransport,lightistheportofShanghaihasopened29internationalcontainerlinerroutes,Shanghaiportcontainerthroughputofmorethanonemillionmonthstandardbox.Shanghaiportisoneoftheworld'slargestportcontainerthroughput.ContainerhandlingmachineryChinaproductioninShanghaihasreachedtheinternationaladvancedlevel,arewidelyusedinmajorportsintheworld.Inrecentyears,Chinahasexportedcontainership,theoceanaroundtheworldcanseeChina'sconstructionofcontainershipfigure.Inshort,Chinainthemanufacturingandexportcontainer,containerhandlingmachinery,containerships,builttolargetonnagecontainerdockofcontainershipping,constructionandtheestablishmentofinternationalcontainerhubport,markingthecontainertransportsysteminourcountryhasenteredadvancedranksintheworld.點點我1142813228浦曉東關鍵詞：Nameimplies顧名思義containers集裝箱re-useble重復利用section截面liquid-carrying液體物貨cargo-carrying裝貨部分hatchopenings大開口fullwidth全長stack堆放cargohandling貨物裝卸consistsof由……組成vertical垂直movement移動lowdensity低密度compensates補償thelossofunderdeckcapacity下層甲板的倉容損失transversestrength橫向強度outboard外側arrangement裝置wingtanks舷側船arranged……to設置成heelingof橫傾att尾部maximumlength最大的船長size尺寸varyconsiderably變化大的powered經濟triple-screwpropulsionarrangement三個推進裝置1142813228浦曉東第一艘集裝箱船是美國于1957年用一艘貨船改裝而成的。它的裝卸效率比常規雜貨船大10倍，停港時間大為縮短，并減少了運貨裝卸中的貨損量。從此，集裝箱船得到迅速發展，到70年代已成熟定型集裝箱輪完全是一種新型的船。它沒有內部甲板，機艙設在船尾，船體其實就是一座龐大的倉庫，可達300米長，再用垂直導軌分為小艙當集裝箱下艙時，這些集裝箱裝置起著定位作用，船在海上遇到惡劣天氣時，它們又可以牢牢地固定住集裝箱。因為集裝箱都是金屬制成，而且是密封的，里面的貨物不會受雨水或的侵蝕。集裝箱船一般停靠專用的貨運碼頭，用碼頭上專門的大型吊車裝卸，其效率可達每小時1000——2400噸，比普通雜貨船高30——到79倍。因此為現代船運業所普遍采用。1142813228浦曉東發展：現代集裝箱船正向著大型化、高速化，多用途方向發展。我國集裝箱船研制雖然起步較晚，發展速度卻很快。我國建造了許多集裝箱船，大力發展集裝箱運輸，光是上海港就開辟了29條國際集裝箱班輪航線，上海港集裝箱月吞吐量超過一百萬標準箱。上海港已經是世界上集裝箱吞吐量最大的港口之一。中國上海生產的集裝箱裝卸機械也已經達到國際先進水平，在世界各大港口被廣泛采用。近幾年來，我國還出口集裝箱船，在世界各地海洋上可以見到我國建造集裝箱船的身影。總之，我國在包括集裝箱、集裝箱裝卸機械、集裝箱船舶的制造和出口，到大噸位集裝箱碼頭的建造，集裝箱遠洋船隊的建立以及國際集裝箱樞紐港的建設，標志著我國的集裝箱運輸系統已經進入世界先進行列。1142813228浦曉東ShipStressesandShipbuildingMaterials1142813107包均

ShipMovement1142813107包均1142813107包均拍擊局部載荷上層建筑和不連續性震動1142813107包均局部應力1142813107包均后處理拉伸強度延展性硬度韌性正火退火淬火回火Basicshipbuildingmaterial---Steel1142813107包均LongitudinalstressesStaticloadingforce力buoyancy浮力vertical垂向的hydrostaticpressure靜水壓力float浮動content內容，滿足，容量draught通風;氣流;（船的）吃水深度;一飲exceedvt. 超過;超越;（在數量和質量等方面）勝過;越過…的界限vi.突出，領先inline成一直線1142813127王鴻杰LongitudinalStresses

Buoyancy浮力Weight重量Load載荷Shearforce剪力Bendingmoment

彎矩1142813127王鴻杰wherethebuoyancyamidshipsexceedstheweight,theshipissaidto“hog”

Hoggingcondition

中拱

wheretheweightamidshipsexceedsthebuoyancy,theshipissaidto“sag”Saggingcondition中垂1142813127王鴻杰Dynamicloadingwaven. 波浪，波動;揮手;涌現的人（或事物）;洶涌的行動（或思想）態勢vi. 搖擺，起伏convert轉度troughs波谷trochiod擺線dynamic動態的;動力的，動力學的;充滿活力的，精力充沛的;crest波峰protile外形amidships在船中部1142813127王鴻杰LongitudinalStresses

StaticLoadingCrest波峰Trough波谷1142813127王鴻杰Stressingofthestructurestressingofthestructure結構壓力stressing壓力structure結構tensilestress拉應力neutralaxis中心軸section剖面sideframe舷側肋骨bracket肘板adjacent相鄰的tanktopflooring內底板marginplants內底邊板static靜態的deflection撓度accelerate