Grammar直接引語和間接引語DirectandIndirectSpeech“Theshoesaretoobigforme.”Whatdidhesay?Hesaidtheshoesweretoobigforhim.Grammar直接引語和間接引語DirectandIndirectSpeech基本概念直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號“”括起來。例：Hesaid:"Itistoolate."用自己的話把別人的話轉述出來。間接引語在多數情況下都構成一個賓語從句。例：Hesaiditwastoolate.直接引語間接引語直接引語和間接引語直接引語與間接引語相互轉化時應注意的變化Shesaidshehadbeentomanycountries.Shesaidshewouldcallonyouthenextday.“Iamgoodatdancing.”“IvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.”ShesaidthatshehadvisitedtheGreatWallthedaybefore.Shesaidthatshewasgoodatdancing.結論一直接引語是陳述句,變為間接引語時用連詞that(that常可省略)引導賓語從句.“Doyoulikeflowers?”Sheaskedmewhether/ifIlikedflowers.“Whereareyougoingforyourholiday?”SheaskedmewhereIwasgoingformyholiday.結論二直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時，要從疑問語序變為陳述語序。直接引語是一般疑問句,變為間接引語時,用連詞if或whether連接。直接引語是特殊疑問句,變為間接引語時,仍用原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導。5.注意地點的變化在直接引語變為間接引語時需要注意的變化1.注意時態的變化2.注意人稱變化。3.注意指示代詞的變化4.注意時間的變化6.注意個別趨向動詞的變化口訣

說明直接引語間接引語1、人稱的變化一隨主二隨賓第三人稱不變引號內的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號內的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號內的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新1.Tomsaidtome,“Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom.”→Tomtold___that__hadleft____bookin____room.2.Marysaidtome,“Theboycanlookafterhimself”→Marytoldmethat_____couldlookafter______.mehehismytheboyhimself一主二賓三不變直接引語

間接引語一般現在時

一般過去時

現在進行時

過去進行時一般過去時

過去完成時現在完成時

過去完成時一般將來時

過去將來時Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.特殊:直接引語若是客觀真理,變為間接引語時,時態不變.2、時態的變化1)Shesaidtome,“YouspeakEnglishbetterthanme.”?Shetoldmethat

I

spokeEnglishbetterthanher.2)Nancysaid,“I’llcallyouagainlater.”?Nancysaidthat

shewouldcallmeagainlater.一般現在時?一般過去時

一般將來時?過去將來時3)Hesaid,“I’mmakingaphonecall.”?Hesaidthathe

wasmakingaphonecall.現在進行時?過去進行時4)Hesaid,“Itookithomewithme.”?Hesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim.Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”Shesaidthatshe

wasbornin1995.一般過去時?過去完成時一般過去時如有具體時間狀語時，可以不變。5)Paulsaid,“Ourteamhaswonthematch.”?Paulsaidthattheirteamhad

wonthematch.現在完成時?過去完成時1.Hesaid,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.直接引語如果是客觀真理,變為間接引語時,時態不變.2>.直接引語為一般過去時并且與具體時間狀語連用時，間接引語仍用一般過去時。例如

：Shesaid:"IwenttoEnglandin1998.”ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998.4.其他變化

直接引語

間接引語指示代詞時間狀語地點狀語方向性動詞

this,

that,

these

those

now,today，thisweekyesterdaylastweekthedayaftertomorrowtomorrownextmonththedaybeforeyesterdaythen,thatdaythatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforeintwodays’timethenextdaythenextmonthtwodaysbefore

here

there

come,

go,bringtake“Iamgoingtoschoolnow.”hesaid.Hesaidthathewasgoingtoschool_____.“TomwillleaveforLondontomorrow.”saidMum.MumsaidthatTomwouldleaveforLondon__________.thenthenextdayHesaid,“Iarrivedthismorning.?Hesaidhehadarrived________morning.Shesaid,“I’llcome

hereagaintonight.”?Shesaidshewould________againthatnight.thatgothere注：如直接引語要變為間接引語，但如轉述發生在當天、當地的事，這些詞不必改變。Thismorninghesaid,“He’llcomeheretomorrow.”→Thismorninghesaidthathewould/willcome

here

tomorrow.注意事項1)人稱2)時態3)相應的時間地點狀語4)標點符號5)大小寫6)問號改為句號7)語序---疑問改陳述8)賓語