Unit1GreatscientistsAlexanderBellelectricityThomasEdisontheFirsttelephoneWrightBrotherstheelectricLampMadameCurieblackholesinUniverseFranklinTheoryofGravityStevenHawkingtheFirstPlaneElbertEinsteinRadiumIsaacNewtontheTheoryofRelativityScientists&Contributions:Unit1GreatScientistsDoyouknowthegreatscientists?1.Whoinventedthefirstmodernsteamengine?JamesWatt(瓦特)2.Whodiscoveredradium?MadameCurie3.Whoistheinventorofelectriclightbulb(電燈)?ThomasEdison4.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?ZhangHeng5.Whoisthefatherofsuperhybridrice?YuanLongping6.Doyouknowwhodefeated“KingCholera”?JohnSnow1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?Archimedes

(287-212BC)anancientGreekmathematician&physicist)2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?CharlesDarwin

(1808-1882)BritishauthorofTheOriginofSpecies

“fatherofmodernbiology”7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?LastSupperMonaLisaLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)Italianartist8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?SirHumphryDavy(1778-1829)BritishMiniatureMiner'sSafetyLamp10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?StephenHawking

(1942--)aBritishastronomerJohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondonandhedefeated“KingCholera”.Doyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischolera?Itisakindofterriblediseasecausedbydrinkingdirtywateranditcausedalotofdeathsintheoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodefeat.Cholera:Itbeginsinthestomachandaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.Andthevictimsdiedveryquicklyfromalossofliquidafterseverevomiting(嘔吐)anddiarrhoea(腹瀉).?Thecausesofcholera?Thecorrectorpossibletheory?Collectdataonthosewherepeoplewereillanddied?Plotinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie?Analysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.?Findotherevidencestoconfirmhisconclusion?TheadviceofJohnSnowabouthowtosolvetheproblemSteps:What/How?1.Findaproblem2.Makeupaquestion3.Thinkofamethod4.collectresultsJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Whatcausescholera?Whichtheoryiscorrect?CollectinformationonthosewhowereillordiedandwheretheygottheirwaterMarkinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdied6.Repeatifnecessary7.Makeaconclusion5.AnalyseresultsAnalysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillnessFindotherevidencetomakesuretheconclusionThewateristoblame.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.Careful

Reading:JohnSnowwasan

doctorinLondonwho

QueenVictoriaasherpersonal

.Hethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople

to

cholera.Thoughthecauseandthe

ofitwereunknown,hewantedtofacethe

andsolvetheproblem.para.1expertattendedphysicianexposedcurechallengeCareful

Reading:Whatwerethetwotheoriesaboutthecauseofcholera?WhichdidJohnSnowwanttoprove?Whatwashismethodofdoingtheresearch?…multiplied…

…victims……absorb…

Thesecondone.Togatherinformationintwoparticularstreets.para.2&3Careful

Reading:para.4Whatdidhedowiththeresultsofhisenquiry?Whatvaluablecluedidhegetaboutthecauseofthedisease?Whatmightbethecause?Markedonamap…Manyofthedeaths……hadnodeaths.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblameforcholera.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet.deathPartofSnow’sCholeraMapCareful

Reading:para.5Whydidhetellpeopletoremovethehandlefromthepump?Whathappenedafterthehandlewasremoved?Sothat……sloweddownCareful

Reading:para.6&7Wheredidthewomanliveandwhatdidshehaddeliveredtoherhouseeveryday?Whatdidtheirdeathssuggest?WhatmeasuresdidJohnSnowtaketopreventthediseasefromspreading?AwayfromBroadStreetWaterfromthepumpThepollutedwatercarriedthevirus..suggestedthat…beexamined…wereinstructednotto

expose…to…drawaconclusion

ThinkofamethodCollectresultsMakeaquestionFindaproblemAnalyse

theresultsFindsupportingevidence①③②④⑤⑥⑦Stagesinsettingoutanewscientificidea:DicussingJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Thepassageiswrittenasareportofanexperimentandthereare7steps:1.Findaproblem:(發現問題)2.Makeupaquestion:(形成研究主題)3.Thinkofamethod:(找出研究方法)4.Collectresults:(收集材料)5.Analyseresults:(分析材料)6.Repeatifnecessary:(必要時重新分析)7.Drawaconclusion:(得出結論)Readthepassageagainandfillintheblanks:JohnSnowwasawell-known____inLondoninthe___century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera____out,hebegantogatherinformation.He_____onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______