2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（23）PassageForty--Five(Fingerprints)

Thesearchforlatentprintsisdoneinasystematicandintelligentmanner.Investigatorsdeveloptechniquestolocatetracesoffingerprintsatacrimescene.Thebasicpremiseinsearchingforlatentprintsistoexaminemorecarefullythoseareas,whichwouldmostlikelybetouchedbypersonswhohavebeenonthescene.Thenaturalmannerinwhichapersonwoulduseandplacehishandsinmakinganentranceorexitfromabuildingorinhandlinganyobjectisthekeytothediscoveryoflatentprints.

Whereaforcedentrancehasbeenmade,latentprintsarelikelytobefoundonanysurfaceadjacenttooratthatpoint.Anyobjectwithasmooth,non-poroussurfaceislikelytoretainlatentprintsiftouched.Fingerprintsonroughsurfacesareusuallyoflittlevalue.Ifthefingermarkdoesnotdiscloseridgedetailwhenviewedunderareadingglass,thechancesarethatitsvalueinidentificationisnilwhenphotographed.Wherefingermarksarefound,itwillbenecessaryfortheinvestigatortocomparethemagainsttheonesofpersonshavinglegitimateaccesstothepremisessothatthetracesmightbeeliminatedashavingevidentiaryvalueiftheyprovetobefromthesepersons.Placestosearchforprintsonanautomobilearetherearviewmirror,steeringwheelhub,steeringcolumn,windshielddashboardandthelike.

Dustingofsurfacemaybedonewithafinebrushorwithanatomizer.Thewhitpowdersusedarebasicallyfinelypowderedwhitelead,talc,orchalk.AnotherlightpowderisbasicallyChemist’sgray.Agoodblackpowderiscomposedoflampblack,graphite,andpowderedacacia.Dragon’sbloodisgoodpowderforwhitesurfaceandcanbefixedonpaperbyheating.Indevelopinglatentprints,theacceptedmethodistousethepowdersparinglyandbrushlightly.Donotusepowderifthefingermarkisvisibleunderobliquelighting.Itcanbephotographed.Agoodpolicyforthenoviceistoexperimentwithhisownprintsonasurfacesimilartotheonehewishestosearchinordertodeterminethepowderbestsuitedtothesurface.Fingerprintsafterdustingmaybeliftedbyusingfreshcellulosetapeorcommerciallypreparedmaterialespeciallydesignedtoliftandtransferdustedlatentfingerprints.

Inadditiontolatentprints,theinvestigatormustnotoverlookthepossibilityoftwoothertypesoffingerprinttraces:moldedimpressionandvisibleimpression.Moldedimpressionsareformedbythepressureofthefingeruponcomparativelysoft,pliable,orplasticsurfacesproducinganactualmoldofthefingerprintpattern.Thesecanberecordedbyphotographwithouttreatingthesurface,isusuallymosteffectiveinrevealingtheimpressionsclearly.Visibleimpressionsareformedwhenthefingeriscoveredwithsomesubstancewhichistransferredtothesurfacecontacted.Fingerssmearedwithblood,grease,dirt,paint,andthelikewillleaveavisibleimpression.Iftheseimpressionsareclearandsharp,theyarephotographedunderlightwithoutanttreatment.Ordinarily,printsofthistypeareblurredorsmearedanddonotcontainenoughdetailforidentificationbycomparison.However,theycannotbeoverlookedorbrushedasidewithoutfirstbeingexaminedcarefully.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Visibleimpressions.

B.Mouldedimpressions.C.Fingerprints.

D.Latentfingerprints.2.Howmanyfingermarksarementionedinthispassage?A.2.

B.3.

C.4.

D.5.3.Whichtypeoffingerprintsismostlikelytoretain?A.Latentfingerprints.

B.Visibleimpressions.C.Mouldedimpressions.

D.Clearfingerprints.4.Howmanywaysaretheretodevelopfingerprints?A.2.

B.3.

C.4.

D.5.Vocabulary1.

latentprint

潛在指紋2.

premise

前提3.

non-porous

無孔的，不滲透的4.

ridge

脊，隆起部5.

nil

無，零6.

premise

房屋及其附屬部件7.

rearviewmirror

后視鏡8.

steeringwheelhub

駕駛盤9.

steeringcolumn

轉向柱10.

windshield

擋風玻璃11.

dashboard

儀表盤，擋泥板12.

atomizer

噴霧器13.

talc

滑石14.

lampblack

燈黑，燈煙15.

acacia

阿拉伯樹膠，金合歡膠16.

dragonsblood

龍血樹脂，麒麟血17.

sparingly

少量的，節(jié)約的18.

novice

新手，初學者19.

cellulosetape

纖維帶，指紋膠帶20.

lift

提起，拿起。這里指取下指紋。21.

moldedimpression

模性壓痕22.

visibleimpression

可見壓痕23.

pliable

柔韌的，柔順的24.

smear

搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清難句譯注1.Thebasicpremiseinsearchingforlatentprintsistoexaminemorecarefullythoseareas,whichwouldmostlikelybetouchedbypersonswhohavebeenonthescene.[結構簡析]句子長是因為有兩個定語從句：which和who；which修飾areas;who修飾persons.[參考譯文]搜尋潛手印的基本前提是：要非常仔細的檢查那些最可能為曾到過現(xiàn)場的人所觸摸的地方。2.

Ifthefingermarkdoesnotdiscloseridgedetailwhenviewedunderareadingglass,thechancesarethatitsvalueinidentificationisnilwhenphotographed.[結構簡析]條件句，主從句中都有一個when+過去分詞句型。第一個直接緊跟從句，第二個在主句的表語后面。譯時根據(jù)其所在位置。[參考譯文]假如指印在放大鏡下觀察時沒有顯露隆起部分的細節(jié)（不顯露指紋紋理），那很可能，在攝影時其鑒別價值等于零。3.Wherefingermarksarefound,itwillbenecessaryfortheinvestigatortocomparethemagainsttheonesofpersonshavinglegitimateaccesstothepremisessothatthetracesmightbeeliminatedashavingevidentiaryvalueiftheyprovetobefromthesepersons.[結構簡析]復合句，前面是主從句，where…itwillbenecessary,從句sothat中又有一個條件句，ifthey…。[參考譯文]如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了指印，檢查人員就必須把發(fā)現(xiàn)的指印和有權進入房屋的人的指印作比較。如果指印證實是來自這些人的，那么作為證據(jù)價值的線索就可排除掉。4.Agoodblackpowderiscomposedoflampblack,graphite,andpowderedacacia.Dragon’sbloodisgoodpowderforwhitesurfaceandcanbefixedonpaperbyheating.Indevelopinglatentprints,theacceptedmethodistousethepowdersparinglyandbrushlightly.Donotusepowderifthefingermarkisvisibleunderobliquelighting.Itcanbephotographed.Agoodpolicyforthenoviceistoexperimentwithhisownprintsonasurfacesimilartotheonehewishestosearchinordertodeterminethepowderbestsuitedtothesurface.[結構簡析]句子長，因為表語中有形容詞短語similarto,而to的賓語又有一個省略which的定從hewishestosearch..此外副詞短語inorderto…的賓語也有一個修飾的分詞短語bestsuited.[參考譯文]對新手來說，最好的辦法就是用自己在類似于他想要搜索的表面上的指印作一個實驗，以確定最適用于這種表面的粉末。寫作方法與文章大意這是一篇介紹在犯罪現(xiàn)場搜尋“（潛）指印”的文章。采用平鋪直敘步步深入的寫作方式。頭兩段先介紹經常會有“潛指印”的地方是房子的出口和入口，汽車的后視鏡，方向盤等。屋內光滑無孔的物體，如若接觸就會留有潛指印，但粗糙物體的潛指印就沒有價值，放大鏡下不顯現(xiàn)紋理的指印也無價值，就得看攝影顯示決定。接著，介紹運用白粉，黑粉輕拂掃，新鮮纖維帶把潛手印取下的種種方法和步驟。最后一段介紹了除潛手印外還有兩種不能忽略的手?。耗Ｐ院涂梢妷汉奂捌湫纬珊腿∽C方法。答案詳解1.

C.指印，不管哪一種。A.可見壓痕。

B.模性壓痕。

C.潛指印，都屬于指印。所以最佳的標題應是指印。2.B.三種指印，即：潛指印，模性和可見壓痕。3.

A.潛指印。因為潛指印隱秘，又是作案人無意中留下不易為人發(fā)現(xiàn)和破壞。其價值性從文中第三段描寫取潛指印可見一般。B.和C.見第四段“一定不要忽略其它兩種類型的指印痕：模性壓痕和可見壓痕的可能性”這說明這兩種指印較少，特別是模性壓痕是在相當柔軟，柔韌或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在這類東西上壓上一個指痕。至于可見壓痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，臟土，油漆之類物品”留下。“一般來說，這種類型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污臟難分，比較之下它們對鑒定來說，沒有足夠細節(jié)證據(jù)?！盌.清楚指印，沒有這個專門名稱。4.A.兩種。第三段第四句起“在顯影指印時，公認的方法是用少許粉末，輕輕拂掃。如果指印在昏暗的燈光下可見，就可以攝影”，“指印輕掃后就用指紋膠帶或商業(yè)專備材料把它們取下。這是一種專門設計用于取下和轉移輕拂掃后的指印材料?！盤assageForty--Six(TheYoungGeneration)

Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.

Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans,whosaidthathumandifferencecanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife?

Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot‘sinful’.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure;toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb:theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisedthattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit?1.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesintheyoungisNOTmentioned?A.Bettereducated.

B.Moremoneyandfreedom.C.Independence.

D.Hardwork.2.Whatsotheyoungrejectmost?A.Values.

B.Theassumptionoftheelders.C.Conformity.

C.Conventionalideas.3.Whydotheyoungstressonthepresent?A.Theyhavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb.B.Theydislikethepast.C.Theythinkthepresentworldisthebest.D.Theyareafraidofdestruction.4.Whatcantheoldlearnfromtheyounggeneration?A.Enjoymentisnotsinful.

B.Peopleshouldhavemoreleisuretime.C.Menmightenjoylife.

D.Oneshouldenjoyone’swork.Vocabulary1.

reminder

使共回想起某事的東西，提示者2.

complacency

自鳴得意，自滿情結3.

takeleave

擅自，任意，隨意

Itookleavetoconsiderthismattersettled.

請原諒我認為這事已經解決了。4.

conformity

與……一致，遵從5.

guilt

有罪，內疚6.

ridden

（ride的過去分詞）受……支配的，受……壓迫7.

guilt-ridden

負罪感8.

amass

積累，積聚9.

arat-race

激烈的競爭10.

shrugoff

對……聳肩表示不屑一理，輕視，擺脫11.

spotless

無污點的，純潔的12.

shed

擺脫，拋棄13.

annihilate

殲滅14.

bequeath

贈送，把……傳給后代15.

sanity