高考英語閱讀解題方法指導(dǎo)－－

猜詞技巧二年十四班高考英語閱讀理解的常見題型：

主旨大意題細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題猜測詞義題教學(xué)目標(biāo)讓學(xué)生了解英語閱讀理解中猜詞的常見題型。2.讓學(xué)生掌握英語閱讀理解中的猜詞技巧并能夠熟練運用。猜測詞義題常見的題型有:Theunderlinedword(phrase,term)“…”means_____.Accordingtothepassage,theword“…”properlymeans_____.Theword“…”inparagraph…refersto____.By“…”,theauthormeans_____.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“…”?1、定義或解釋說明

猜詞技巧2、對比關(guān)系3、因果關(guān)系4、舉例法5、重述6、同義詞、近義詞7、生活經(jīng)驗,生活常識,邏輯推理8.根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義9.根據(jù)常見的前綴，詞根和后綴進行猜詞信號詞：1.be2.becalled…3.means…4.bedefinedas…5.referto

1、定義或解釋說明（definitionorexplanation）是…被稱為…意思是…被定義為…指的是…

Ex.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.

◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Acalendar

isalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.

木匠

動物學(xué)家日歷2、對比關(guān)系(contrast)信號詞:1.but/however/yet/while…2.otherwise/or/orelse…3.insteadof4.although/though/as

但是；然而否則代替;而不是盡管

Ex.2

◎Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.◎Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.◎Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthething.無辜的節(jié)約的不同意3、因果關(guān)系（causeandeffect）

信號詞:1.because/since/as/for/dueto…2.so/therefore/thus/consequently…3.so…that/such…that

因為所以如此…,以至于…Ex.3◎

Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.◎Theriverisso

turbid

thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow(淺的).無用的,徒勞的修剪混濁的4、舉例法(examples)信號詞:1.suchas/forexample/forinstance2.like3.especially4.include/including5.consistof例如…像….特別是…包括….由…組成Ex.4◎Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevices

suchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes（剎車）.◎Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置n.鵝5、重述(retelling)信號詞:1.thatis(tosay)…2.inotherwords/or…3.toputitanotherway…那就是說….換句話說…從另一個角度說EX.5◎Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwatertheirfields.◎Allwhalesconsistoftwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.灌溉有牙齒的齒鯨類6、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞

信號詞:or,like,as…as,thesameas

◎

Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.◎

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plump

asmother,andmuchshorter.◎代替圓胖的7、生活經(jīng)驗,生活常識,邏輯推理

◎

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

◎

Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcha

ripplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.

◎Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontracts

whencooled.

麻藥波紋膨脹冷縮8.根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義例題：Tomcan’tfindhissneakers.C.shoesTomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowlsJaneisusuallyprompt.A．lateB．ontimeC．pleasedJaneisusuallypromptforallherclasses，butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclasstoday.adj.敏捷的,迅速的,即時的adv.準(zhǔn)時地Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetherasaucer．A．a(chǎn)glassB．a(chǎn)cakeC．a(chǎn)smallplateTheladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucertoputhercoffeecupon．茶托(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（過分的、過量的）＋work＝overwork“工作過度”(2)Therewasadissatisfied

lookinthemanager'seyes.dis“不”+satisfied“滿意的=dissatisfied“不滿意的”9.構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）Wordformation

中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴super-（超），-able（能……的），inter-（在……之間），-hood（狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時期），

mini-（極少的，微型的）-ish（如……的；有點兒……的）；

micro-（極微小的），-wards（向），

re-（再，反復(fù)），-less（不；無），co-（共同），post-(后)，pre-（前）mis-（誤；惡），un-（不；非），