非謂語動詞難點透視

——動詞不定式不定式由“to+動詞原形”構成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數的變化,但有時態和語態的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構成。不定式結構

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

時態與語態主動語態被動語態一般式進行式完成式完成進行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------動詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.

主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補作主語Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。2.放棄吸煙是對的。作賓語Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。2.他答應不告述任何人這事。作表語MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英語。2.眼見為實。作定語Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么要說的嗎?2.Betty是第一個知道這真相的人

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth作狀語Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的狀語.原因狀語.結果狀語作賓補Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在這兒。2.請允許我介紹Mr.White給你們。

PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.高考進行時------動詞不定式考點

Ithinkthebestthingyoushoulddois_________anotherjob.A.lookingforB.lookedforC.lookfor

D.tolookfor一、做表語二、做定語1.I’mgoingtothesupermarket.Haveyougotanything_________?A.boughtB.tobeboughtC.tobuyD.beingbought2.–Whydoyoulooksad?--Therearesomanyproblems________.remainingtosettleB.remainedsettlingC.remainingtobesettledD.remainedtobesettled不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾的名詞之后3.Everystudentinourclasshadanapplicationforminhis/herhand,butnooneknewwhichoffice________.A.tosendittoB.sentC.sendingtoD.senttowhich和不定式連用相當于一個縮短了的定語從句，例如：Shemusthavetimeinwhichtogrowcalm.Shehassomemoneyinthebank,withwhichtohelphermother.Heonlyhadlongnightsinwhichtostudy.三、做狀語1.Australianshavetopreventdingoes______theirsheepandcattle.A.fromprotectingB.toprotectC.protectingD.toprotecting2.Whichdoyouenjoy_______yourholiday,goingabroadorstayingathome?A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend不定式結構可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、原因、結果、條件等。3.Lily’smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never______again.A.tofindB.tobefoundC.findingD.beingfound4.–Whathappenedtoyouonyourwaybacktothehotellastnight?--Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,________thingsworse,itbegantopour.A.makingB.tomakeC.havingmadeD.make四、做賓補Thestudentsareforbidden,unlesstheyhavespecialpasses,_________afterelevenp.m.A.tostayoutB.fromstayingoutC.stayingoutD.nottostayout五、做賓語Tompretended_______it,butinfact,heknewitverywell.A.notlistentoB.nottohearaboutC.nottohaveheardaboutD.nottolisten六、構成復合謂語1.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper________inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbed2.Heisknowntobehonest.3.Shewastoldtostayathome.4.HewasknowntohavetakenmoneyfromGermans.5.HeissaidtohavedeclaredthatVoltairewashisGod.6.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.7.MissWhiteissupposedtobegoingwithme.如果主要謂語所表示的動作（或情況）發生時，不定式所表示的動作正在進行，這時，不定式就要用進行式。不定式的進行式1.Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver.2.Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.3.Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo.4.Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.5.Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.6.Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.(狀語)7.It’sniceofyoutobethinkingofus.(主語)

不定式的完成式1.Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.(Itissaidthathehaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.)2.Theenemywasreportedtohavesurrendered.(Itwasreportedthattheenemyhadsurrendered.)3.Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.(Itseemedthatshehadalreadyheardaboutit.)4.Youareluckytohavegotticketstotheconcert.(=Youareluckythatyouhavegotticketstotheconcert.)5.I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.

(=I’msorryIhavegivenyousomuchtrouble.)6.Shewasverygladtohavedonesomethingforthepeople.7.Hepretendednottohaveseenme.當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。不定式的被動形式1.Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2.SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3.Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.4.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.5.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.6.Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?7.Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.Let’stranslate1愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_______________arebothgreathappiness.2中國人民決不會征服。TheChinesepeoplerefuse_________________3據說他已經完成了他的工作。Heissaid__________________________.4根據報道他們已安全到達。Theyarereported____________________Toloveandtobelovedtogivein/beconqueredtohavefinished/completedhisworktohavearrivedsafely5我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。Iwantthisbike___________________________.6瑪利仿佛已經告訴這件事了。Maryseemed_____________________________.7眾所周知，奧運會上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown________________agoldmedalattheOlympic.toberepairedatonce/immediatelytohavebeentoldaboutittohavebeengivenLet’swrite

我長大后想當一位護士。/醫生/老師我的工作就是照顧好病人。/但怎么能做一位出色的護士呢？我需要努力學習。Topic1MydreamIwanttobeanursewhenIgrowup.MyjobistolookafterthepatientsButhowtobeanexcerllentnurse?Ihaveto/needtostudyhard.保護環境人人有責。我們要告訴人們不要再砍伐樹木了。我們要分發廣告叫人們不要再把污水倒進河里了我們要叫人們循環再用紙。Topic2howtoprotecttheenvironmentToprotecttheenvironmentiseveryone’sduty.=Itiseveryone’sdutytoprotecttheenvironmentWeshouldtellpeoplenottocutdownthetreesanymore.Weshouldhandoutadvertisementstotellpeoplenottopourwastewaterintotheriveranymore.Weshouldaskpeopletorecyclepaper.直擊高考作文LastThursday,wehadaclassmeetingtodiscusswheretogoforourspringouting.Wecameupwithseveralchoicessuchasgoingboating,climbingamountain,andgoingtoanamusementpark.Finally,wedecidedtogomountainclimbing.

Thenextday,wesetoffearlyinthemorning.Whileclimbingthemountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.However,whenreachedthetop,wewereshockedtoseelitterhereandthere,suchasbottlesandbananapeels.Thenwestartedtopickupthelitter.Afterwards,weputtherubbishintothenearbyrecyclingbinandnon-recyclingbinrespectively.Weweretiredbuthappy.一、考查動詞不定式的基本構成

[試題精選]1.Mymotheroftenasksme________early.(2003年北京)

A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup2.Theteachertoldherstudents______inpublic.(2003年黑龍江)

A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshoutDA

[考點分析]動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式,不受人稱和數的變化限制,它由“不定式符號(to)+動詞原形”構成。其否定式常在to前加not或never構成,句型ask/tellsb.（not）todosth.是命題的熱點。二、考查動詞不定式作主語[試題精選]1.________isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.(2002年甘肅省)

A.thisB.ItC.ThatD.Its2.It'snice________you________mewithmymaths.(2002年深圳市)

A.for;tohelpB.for;helping

C.of;tohelpD.of;helpingBC

[考點分析]動詞不定式作主語時,常用it作為形式主語,而將不定式后置。如要說明動詞不定式的動作的執行者,可在不定式前加一個介詞for引導的短語;但如果表語是kind,nice,clever等描述動作執行者的性格。品質的形容詞時,則應在不定式前加一個of引導的短語,而不可用for引導的短語。

It’s+adj+for

sbtodosth.It’snice(kind,clever)ofsbtodosth三、考查動詞不定式作賓語[試題精選]1.Theydecided______attheendofthismonth.(2002年濟南市)

A.toleaveB.goingC.travelD.notstartout2.Allofusfound______difficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it3.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.(2002年南寧市)

A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.hasADA

[考點分析]一些動詞,如decide,hope,ask等,常接動詞不定式作賓語。當動詞不定式作賓語時,如果后接賓語補足語,常用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語之后,其句型結構為:主語+謂語+it+賓語補足語+動詞不定式(短語)?特別是,有些動詞(短語)后面可接動詞不定式作賓語,又可接動名詞作賓語,但所表達的意義不同,對此,應該弄清楚它們的區別。常見的這類動詞(短語)有:①remember/forgettodosth.記住/忘記要做某事;remember/forgetdoingsth.記得/忘記曾做過某事?②stoptodosth.停下來(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事。③goontodosth.做完一件事后,繼續做另一件事;goondoingsth.繼續做某事。四、考查動詞不定式作定語[試題精選]1.There'senoughbirdfood________foramonth.(2001年山西省)

A.tolastB.last

C.lastsD.lasted2.Shehasnopaper________.(2001年重慶市)

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteonAD

[考點分析]動詞不定式作后置定語時,與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。若動詞不定式是不及物動詞時,則要帶上與之搭配的介詞,構成及物動詞短語。動詞不定式作后置定語,常用于"have+某事+todo"或"enough+名詞+todo"結構中。五、考查動詞不定式作賓語補足語Motheraskedme________somefruitaftersupper.

A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy2.Lethim________arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.(2003年濟南市)A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has3.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren_____intheroom.(2003年桂林市)A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed4.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.-Yes,sheisoftenseen________theoldmanwithhishousework.(2003年呼和浩特市)A.helpB.tohelp

C.helpsD.helpedDABB

[考點分析]有些動詞,如teach,want,tell等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,即構成teach/want/tellsb.todosth.結構。但是,動詞不定式作使役動詞及感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去to。這些動詞可歸納為"一感(feel),二聽(listento,hear),三讓(let,have和make),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。";在動詞help后面作賓語補足語時,to可有可無。注意:以上省略to的動詞不定式,在被動語態中都必須加上to,但let不能用于被動語態。特殊情況：1.hadbetter(not)dosth.2.helpsb.(to)dosth.3.make\letsb.dosth.4.see\hear\watchsb.dosth.*see\hear\watchsb.doingsth.

例句：1、你最好不要吸煙。

Youhadbetternotsmoke.2、我們經常幫她提水。

Weoftenhelpher(to)carrywater.3、他老是使我發笑。

Healwaysmakesmelaugh.4、我經常聽見他唱歌。

Ioftenhearhimsing.六、考查動詞不定式作狀語1.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly

________belatefortheexam.(2002年上海市)

A.inordertoB.inordertonot

C.soasnottoD.soasto2.Let's________soasnot________lateforthemeeting.

A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobe

C.hurry,tobeD.hurry,beCC[考點分析]

動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞,表示目的,也可以表示結果或原因。為了強調目的,有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首,或在不定式前面加inorder或soas。如果不定式為否定形式,要用inordernotto...或soasnotto...。七、考查"連接代(副)詞+動詞不定式"結構的用法1.There'snodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon'tknow________.(2003年河南)

A.whattochooseB.whichtochoose

C.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat2.ThestudentsofClassOnewillspendtheirwinterholidayinShenzhen,butthestudentsofClassTwohaven'tdecided________.(2003年廣東省)

A.whattobuyB.howtogo

C.wheretogoD.whichtochoose3.________thecomputerisaproblem.

A.HowtouseB.Whattouse

C.WhichtouseD.WheretouseBCA[考點分析]

在英語中有些動詞,如ask,decide,tell,know等后可接"疑問代(副)詞+動詞不定式"作賓語,以此對賓語從句進行簡化。注意:進行簡化的條件是主句中的主語和從句的主語必須是同一人稱。此外,動詞不定式還可以和what,where,how,when,which等連接代詞(副詞)連用,在句中作主語。八、考查固定句式中動詞不定式的用法[試題精選]1.-Youlookrathertired.________stoptotakearest?

-Allright.ButI'llhavetoworkforafewmoreminutes.(2002年呼和浩特市)

A.WhynotB.Doyou

C.WhataboutD.Howabout2.TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease________?(2002年哈爾濱市)

A.turndownitB.turnitdown

C.toturnitdownD.toturndownitAB

[考點分析]各地中考試題在固定句式中對動詞不定式的考查常見的有:①hadbetter(