虛擬語氣

SubjunctiveMood

GRAMMER語法陳述語氣

Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使語氣

Let’sgo.

Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.語氣的分類虛擬語氣

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.

Histeachersuggestedthathegotothelibrarythisafternoon.二.‘if’虛擬條件句的概念由

‘if’

引導的虛擬條件句叫作

‘if’虛擬條件句Icouldhavehaddinnerwithhimifhehadbeenhereyesterday.其他虛擬條件句Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.1.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中(1)表示與現在事實相反的假設,條件

狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式(be動詞的過去式用were)”,

而主句中的謂語動詞“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。虛擬語氣IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.IfI

had

alotofmoney

I

would

buyavilla.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworldwar_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask2.與過去的事實相反從句的謂語用had＋過去分詞,構成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋過去分詞的形式；主句的謂語用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/mighthave＋動詞過去分詞。Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanksc.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone3.與將來事實相反從句的謂語用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋動詞過去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句謂語用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/might＋動詞原形。Ifhe

got

upearlytomorrow,

he

wouldgetthere

ontime.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,there________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe條件If從句謂語形式主句謂語形式過去現在未來過去時(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。過去完成時would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.過去時2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)主句與從句的動作發生在不同的時間,這時主從句位于動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。例句中從句與過去事實相反,主句與現在事實相反Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.三.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法1.在動詞wish后的賓語從句中,表示與現在或過去的事實相反,或對將來的主觀愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.1)表示對現在情況的虛擬:

從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be動詞一般用were)。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用“had＋過去分詞”。asif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引導的狀語從句表示比較或方式時,從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或“had＋過去分詞”或would/could+動詞原形他那樣對待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能會發生,那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(3)I’dratheryou_____(pay)menow.(與現在事實相反)Iwouldratherthey______(come)tomorrow.(與將來事實相反)I’drathershe____________(notdo)that.(與過去事實相反)paidcamehadn’tdoneTranslate:我要是你的話,我就會把英語學好。2.如果你昨天來,你就會看見他。3.萬一明天下雨,我們就不到那兒去。4.我希望我十年前認識他。5.他對待我就像對待他自己的兒子一樣。IfIwereyou,Iwould/shouldlearnEnglishwell.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgothere.IwishIhadknownhimtenyearsago.HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.四、Itis(high)time等從句中表示“該做而沒有作的事情”，動詞用一般過去時。如：It’shightimewebegantowork.[shouldbegin]

Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.五、表示“建議、要求、命令”意義的各種從句中advisesuggestproposeinsistrequestrecommenddemandrequireurgeintendordercommand這些詞從句謂語用虛擬語氣shoulddo，should可省略。例如：HeinsistedthatJohnshoulddothisjob.Theuniondemandedthewageberaisedby20%.Wesuggestedthemeetingnotbepostponed.六、省掉if,從句倒裝Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgothere.Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgothere.5)____formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A.NotbeingB.HaditnotbeenC.WithoutbeingD.NothavingbeenBPracticeEvenifhe_______(be)here,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.Withoutair,there__________(be)nolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,I__________________(not,do)itwell.IfonlyI____________(take)hisadvice,butIdidn’t.5.Iwasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseI_________________(come)tothemeeting.6.Lookattheclock!It’s(high)timewe_______________(go)home.werewouldbecouldn’thavedonehadtakenwouldhavecomewent/shouldgoSubjunctiveM