礴+練習(xí)：A^WSB^S-2022音樂是人類共同的語言，不同地方的音樂，其風(fēng)格也不一樣。最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),來自不同文化的音樂，還是有著很多共通之處。難詞探意bop/n.博普舞會ethnographic/adj.人種志的vocal/adj.嗓音的;發(fā)聲的annotate/v.給加評注notation/n.（數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)和音樂中的）符號;記號anthropologist/n.人類學(xué)家algorithmn.算法預(yù)讀思考DoyouknowthestorybetweenLiuZhengfengandQuYanginJinYongsnovelTheLegendarySwordsman（《笑傲江湖》）?Whydidtheydevelopdeepfriendship?Whatisamusicalgrammarlikelytomeaninthetext?Nomatterwhereyouare,abopisabop.Whetheramelodymakespeoplegetupanddance,comfortstheirhearts,orcalmsthemdowntosleep,similarrhythmsandtonesmakemusicauniversallanguage.Now,theremightbesciencetobackitup.Ateamofresearchersfindthatnotonlyismusicuniversal,butalsothatsimilarsongsareusedinsimilarcontextsaroundtheworld,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScience.Tobetterunderstandthesimilaritiesinmusicthatcouldprovideinsightintoitsbiologicalroots,theresearchersfocusedonmusicwithlyrics.Theystartedbylookingatethnographicdescriptionsofmusicin315culturesworldwide,allofwhichfeaturedvocalmusic,beforeanalyzingmusicalrecordingsfrom60well?Documentedcultures.Theteamusedacombinationofmethods,includingmachinelearning,expertmusicologistsand30,000amateurlistenersfromtheUnitedStatesandIndia,toanalyzeapublicdatabaseofmusic.Inonepartofthestudy,onlineamateurlistenerswereaskedtocategorizerandommusicsamplesaslullabies,dancesongs,healingsongs,folksongs,orlovesongs.Dancesongsweretheeasiesttocatch.Inotherpartsofthestudy,themusicsampleswereannotatedbylistenersandtranslatedintoamusicalstaff,whichisaformofmusicalnotationinWesterncultures.Whenthisdatawasfedtoacomputer,itwasabletotelldifferentkindsofsongsapartatleasttwo?Thirdsofthetime."Basically,theteamfoundthathumanssharea'musicalgrammar,"explainsthestudy'sleadauthorSamuelMehr,apsychologistatHarvardUniversity.uMusicisbuiltfromsimilar,simplebuildingblockstheworldover,"hesays.“MusicissomethingthathasconfusedanthropologistsandbiologistssinceDarwin,nsaysLukeGlowacki,ananthropologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityandacoauthoronthepaper."Iftherewerenounderlyingprinciplesofthehumanmind,therewouldnotbetheseregularities.CriticshavequestionedtheuseofmachinelearningalgorithmsandWesternnotationbecauseofthebiasesthatcomewithboth.EthnomusicologistElizabethTolbertofJohnHopkinsPeabodyInstitute,whowasn'tinvolvedinthestudy,saysthattheresearchteam“maybeover?Interpretingtheirresults^bysearchingforcommonpatternsinsuchadiversevarietyofmusic.CoauthorMaierSingh,acognitiveandevolutionaryanthropologistatHarvardUniversity,saysthatthemusicdatabaseisopen?Access."Wedbegladforanyonetotestourconclusionsusinganalternativemethod,“hesays.閱讀自測Whatmakesmusicauniversallanguageaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Thefunctionofmusic.B.Themelodyofmusic.C.Similarrhythmsandtones.D.Touchinglyricsandvoices.Whatisthefunctionoftheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3?A.Toprovidemoreinformation.B.Toexploremoreaboutmusic.C.Todescribetheprocessvividly.D.Tomaketheresearchconvincing.Whatkindofsongsareeasiesttounderstandintheresearch?A.Folksongs.B.Lovesongs.C.Dancesongs.D.Healingsongs.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheresearchaccordingtoparagraph8?A.Creative.B.Doubtful.C.Beneficial.D.Thoughtful.文本探究探究視角1:語言學(xué)習(xí)I.文本填空Now,theremightbesciencetoit(證明;證實).Ateamofresearchersfindthatnotonlyismusicuniversalbutalsothatsimilarsongs(use)insimilarcontextsaroundtheworld,accordingtoastudy(publish)inthejournalScience.Tobetterunderstandthesimilaritiesmusicthatcouldprovideinsightitsbiologicalroots,theresearchersfocusedmusicwithlyrics.Theteamuseda(combine)ofmethods,includingmachinelearning,expertmusicologistsand30,000amateurlistenersfromtheUnitedStatesandIndia,(analyze)apublicdatabaseofmusic.Inotherpartsofthestudy,themusicsampleswereannotatedbylistenersandtranslatedintoamusicalstaff,isaformofmusicalnotationinWesterncultures.Ifthere(be)nounderlyingprinciplesofthehumanmind,therewouldnotbetheseregularities.EthnomusicologistElizabethTolbertofJohnHopkinsPeabodyInstitute,whowasn't(involve)inthestudy,saysthattheresearchteam“maybeover?Interpretingtheirresults15bysearchingforcommonpatternsinsuchadiversevarietyofmusic.We'dbegladforanyonetotestourconclusions(use)analternativemethod.II.與“音樂”相關(guān)的表達(dá)bop博普舞會melody旋律comfortsbshearts撫慰/心靈calmsbdown使人平靜下來similarrhythmsandtones相似的節(jié)奏和音調(diào)auniversallanguage通用語言beusedinsimilarcontextsaroundtheworld在世界各地類似的情況下使用focusonmusicwithlyrics關(guān)注有歌詞的音樂featurevocalmusic以聲樂為特色musicalrecordings音樂t己錄onlineamateurlisteners線上的業(yè)余聽眾dancesongs舞曲healingsongs治愈系歌曲folksongs民歌lovesongs情歌aformofmusicalnotation一種音樂符號的形式buildingblock組成局部amusicalgrammar音樂語法underlyingprinciplesofthehumanmind人類思想的潛原那么adiversevarietyofmusic多種多樣的音樂探究視角2：語篇分析音樂是人類的共同語言，世界各地的音樂風(fēng)格不同，但都能撫慰心靈，解去疲乏，振作精神。音樂具有這些共同功能的原因是什么呢？科學(xué)家們又對此進(jìn)行了哪些研究?他們的研究有什么新的發(fā)現(xiàn)呢？能被廣為接受嗎？本文是一篇說明文，文章對音樂能成為人類共同語言這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了說明。說明時，采用研究案例來說明和解釋文章的主題，使用研究案例時，文章先給出了研究結(jié)果，緊接著介紹研究的過程，結(jié)果和引起的質(zhì)疑。探究視角3：文化拓展《呂氏春秋?本味》中記載了伯牙與鐘子期的故事：“伯牙善鼓琴，鐘子期善聽。伯牙鼓琴，方鼓琴而志在太山，鐘子期日：’善哉乎鼓琴，巍巍乎假設(shè)太山！少選之間，而志在流水，鐘子期又曰：‘善哉乎鼓琴，湯湯乎假設(shè)流水！鐘子期死，伯牙破琴絕弦，終身不復(fù)鼓琴，以為世無足復(fù)為鼓琴者。”高山流水遇知音，伯牙子期千古傳，可見音樂具有神奇的魔力。言語文字可以作偽，可琴簫之音卻是心聲，做不得假。古往今來，音樂作為一門世界語言，得到了人們無限的贊美：Musicisagoodmedicineformentalillness.音樂是醫(yī)治思想疾病的良藥。Hewhounderstandsmusiccanbefreefromallworldlytroubles.領(lǐng)悟音樂的人，能從一切世俗的煩惱中超脫出來。Whenyouarehappy,youlistentomusic.Whenyouaresad,youbegintounderstandthelyrics.快樂的時候，你聽的是音樂。難過的時候，你開始懂得了歌詞。Thosewhoreallylovemusicandappreciatemusicintheirheartsaregoodpeople.真正喜愛音樂且打心里欣賞音樂的人都是好人。Musicdriftedpastmyearslikealetterfromapostmanthatdidntbelongtome.音樂從我耳邊飄過，就像郵差送來一封不屬于我的信。