IMPORTANTREMINDERSano.2pencilisIMPORTANTREMINDERSano.2pencilisrequiredforthetest.donotuseamechanicalpencilorisaviolationoftestsecurityandFairnesspoliciesandmayresultinyourscoresbeingcanceled.thiscoverisrepresentativeofwhatyou’llseeontestSATSATPracticeTestTHISTESTBOOKMUSTNOTBETAKENFROMTHEROOM.UNAUTHORIZEDREPRODUCTIONORUSEOFANYPARTOFTHISTESTBOOKISPROHIBITED.?2015TheCollegeBoard.CollegeBoard,SAT,andtheacornlogoareregisteredtrademarksoftheCollege任何SAT備考問題，請與老師聯系， Testbeginsonthenext111Reading65MINUTES,52QUESTIONSTurntoSection1ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthiseachpassageorpair,choosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanypanyinggraphics(suchasatableorQuestions1-10arebasedonthefollowingoriginallypublishedin1857.Nomanlikestoacknowledgethathehasmadeamistakeinthechoiceofhisprofession,andeveryLineandtidebeforeheallowshimselftocryout,“I5baffled!”andsubmitstobefloatedpassivelybacktofeltmyoccupationirksome.Thethingitself—theworkofcopyingandtranslatingbusiness-letters—wasadryandtedioustaskenough,buthadthat10all,Ishouldlonghavebornewiththenuisance;Iamnotofanimpatientnature,andinfluencedbythedoubledesireofgettingmylivingandjustifyingtomyselfandotherstheresolutionIhadtakentoeatradesman,Ishouldhaveendured15silencetherustandcrampofmybestfaculties;Ishouldnothavewhispered,eveninwardly,thatIwhichmyheartmighthaveventuredtointimateitsdistressunderthecloseness,smoke,monotony,and20joylesstumultofBigbenClose,anditspantingdesireforfreerandfresherscenes;IshouldhavesetupthesmallbedroomatMrs.King’slodgings,andtheytwoshouldhavebeenmyhouseholdgods,from

25mydarling,mycherished-in-secret,Imagination,thetenderandthemighty,shouldnever,eitherbynotall;theantipathywhichhadsprungupbetweenmyselfandmyemployerstrikingdeeperrootand30spreadingdensershadedaily,excludedmefromfeellikeaplantgrowinginhumiddarknessoutoftheslimywallsofawell.Antipathyistheonlywordwhichcanexpressthe35feelingEdwardCrimsworthhadforme—afeeling,inagreatmeasure,involuntary,andwhichwasliabletobeexcitedbyevery,themosttriflingmovement,look,orwordofmine.Mysouthernaccentannoyedhim;thedegreeofeducationevincedinmylanguage40irritatedhim;mypunctuality,industry,andflavourandpoignantrelishofenvy;hefearedthatItooshouldonedaymakeasuccessfultradesman.HadIbeeninanythinginferiortohim,hewould45havehatedmesothoroughly,butIknewallthatheknew,and,whatwasworse,heedthatIkeptthepadlockofsilenceonmentalwealthinwhichhewasnosharer.Ifhecouldhaveonceplacedmeinaridiculousormortifyingposition,hewouldhavefaculties—Caution,Tact,Observation;andprowlingbafflethelynx-eyesofthese,mynaturalsentinels.Daybydaydidhismalicewatchmytact,hoit55wouldsleep,andpreparedtostealsnake-likeonslumber;buttact,ifitbegenuine,neverUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111Ihadreceivedmyfirstquarter’swages,andwasreturningtomylodgings,possessedheartandsoulwiththepleasantfeelingthatthemasterwhohad60paidmegrudgedeverypennyofthathard?earnedpittance—(Ihadlongceasedtoregardtyrant:thatwasall).Thoughts,notvariedbutstrong,65occupiedmymind;twovoicesspokewithinme;againandagaintheyutteredthesamemonotonousTheother:“Whatcanyoudotoalterit?”Iwalkedfast,foritwasacold,frostynightinJanuary;asI70approachedmylodgings,Iturnedfromageneralwhethermyfirewouldbeout;lookingtowardsthewindowofmysitting-room,Isawnocheeringred11WhichchoicebestsummarizestheAcharacterdescribeshisdislikeforhisnewjobandconsidersthereasonswhy.Twocharactersemployedinthesameofficeeincreasinglycompetitive.Ayoungmanregretsprivayachoicethathedefendspublicly.frustration,andfinallydespair.22ThemainpurposeoftheopeningsentenceofthepassageistoprovidecontextusefulinunderstandingofferasymbolicrepresentationofEdwardCrimsworth’splight.contrastthenarrator’sgoodintentionswithhismaliciousconduct.

33Duringthecourseofthefirstparagraph,recollectionofpastconfidencetoreflectiononhisexpectationsoflifeasatradesmantohisdesireforanotherjob.generalizationaboutjobdissatisfactiontothespecificsofhisownsituation.identificationofalternatives.44ofthefirstparagraphmainlyhavewhicheffect?Theyevokethenarrator’ssenseofTheyreflectthenarrator’ssinisterTheycapturethenarrator’sfearofTheyrevealthenarrator’slongingfor55ThepassageindicatesthatEdwardbehaviorwasmainlycausedbyimpatiencewiththenarrator’shighscornofthenarrator’shumblejealousyofthenarrator’sapparent66CrimsworthasaharmlesssympatheticperceptivedemandingUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE1117979Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines28-31(“theantipathy...Lines38-40(“Mysouthern...irritatedLines54-56(“Day...Lines61-62(“Ihad...

Thepassageindicatesthat,afteralongdayofwork,thenarratorsometimesfoundhislivingquarterstobe88Attheendofthesecondparagraph,thecomparisons qualitiestoalynxandasnakemainlyhavetheeffectofcontrastingtwohypotheticalcoursesofconveyingtheferocityofasuggestingthelikelihoodofan

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines17-21(“Ishould...Lines21-23(“Ishould...Lines64-67(“Thoughts...Lines68-74(“Iwalked...Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111

Questions11-21arebasedonthefollowingpassageandsupplementarymaterial.ThispassageisadaptedfromIainKing,“CanEconomicsBeEthical?”?2013byProspectPublishing.Recentdebatesabouttheeconomyhaverediscoveredthequestion,“isthatright?”,where“right”meansmorethanjustprofitsorSomearguethatbecausethefreemarkets

Thereisyetanotherapproach:insteadofrootingethicsincharacterortheconsequencesofactions,wecanfocusonouractionsthemselves.Fromthissomethingsareright,somewrong—weshouldbuyfairtradegoods,weshouldn’tlliesin50advertisements.Ethics esalistofcommandments,acatalogof“dos”and“don’ts.”Whenafinanceofficialrefusestodevalueacurrencybecausetheyhavepromisednotto,theyare5foralchoice,theyarealreadyethical.Othershaveacceptedtheethicalcritiqueandembracedcorporatesocialresponsibility.Butbeforewecanlabelanymarket eas“immoral,”orsneerateconomistswhotrytoputapriceonbeingethical,10weneedtobeclearonwhatwearetalkingapplywhensomeonemakesaneconomicdecision.ConsiderAdamSmith,widelyregardedasthefounderofmoderneconomics.Hewasamoral15philosopherwhobelievedsympathyforotherswasnowadays).ButoneofhiskeyinsightsinTheWealthcounter-productive—heobservedpeople 20betteroffwhentheyputtheirownempathyaside,andinteractedinaself-interestedway.Smithjustifiesselfishbehaviorbythe e.Wheneverplannersusecost-benefitysistojustifyanewrailwayline,orsomeoneretrainstoboosthisorherearning25power,orashopperbuysonetogetonefree,theyaresomeone,andseekingan theyareempathizingwithmaybethemselvesinthe30Insteadofjudgingconsequences,Aristotlesaidethicswasabouthavingtherightcharacter—displayingvirtueslikecourageandhonesty.Itisaviewputintopractice35businessleadersarechosenfortheirgoodcharacter.Butitisahardphilosophytoteach—justhowmuchlosingmoney?Showtoolittleandyou’rea“greedisgood”corporateraider;toomuchandyou’rewasting40moneyonunproductivecapital.Aristotlethoughttherewasagoldenmeanbetweenthetwoextremes,andfindingitwasamatteroffinejudgment.Butifethicsisaboutcharacter,it’snotclearwhatthosecharacteristicsshouldbe.

ethicsthisway.Accordingtothis55devaluationcanstillbebad,evenifitwouldmakeeverybodybetteroff.versionspullindifferentdirectionsbutclashesarenotinevitable.Takefairtradecoffee(coffeethat60soldwithacertificationthatindicatesthefarmersforexample:buyingitmighthavegoodconsequences,bevirtuous,andalsobetherightwaytoactinaflawedmarket.Commongroundlikethis65suggeststhat,evenwithoutagreementonwhereWheneverwefeelqueasyabout“perfect”competitivemarkets,theproblemisoftenrootedinaphonyconceptionofpeople.Themodelofman70whichclassicaleconomicsisbased—anentirelyJohnStuartMill,thephilosopherwhopioneeredthemodel,accepted.Mostpeople—eveneconomists—nowacceptthatthis“economicman”isafiction.75Webehavelikeaherd;wefearlossesmorethanwehopeforgains;rarelycanourbrainsprocessalltherelevantfacts.Thesehumanquirksmeanwecannevermake80economists,aidedbyneuroscientists,istryingtounderstandourpsychology,bothaloneandingroups,sotheycananticipateourdecisionsinthemarketplacemoreaccuray.Butpsychologycanalsohelpusunderstandwhywereactindisgust85economicinjustice,oracceptamorallawasuniversal.Whichmeansthattherelativelynewscienceofhumanbehaviormightalsodefineethicsoneoftheleastlikelyplaces:economistsUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111RegularCoffeeProfitsProfitsinTanzaniaAmount(USAmount(UScentsper0

regularAdaptedfromtheFairTradeVancouverThemainpurposeofthepassageiscost-benefitysis.arguethatthefreemarketprohibitsethical

Inthepassage,theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowingobjectionstocriticizingtheethicsoffreeSmith’sassociationoffreemarketswithethicalbehaviorstillappliestoday.Freemarketsarethebestwaytogeneratehighprofits,soethicsareasecondaryconsideration.Freemarketsareethicalbecausetheyaremadepossiblebydevaluedcurrency.individualstomakechoices.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines4-5(“Some...Lines7-10(“But...Lines21-22(“Smith... Lines52-54(“When...Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111Asusedinline6,“embraced”mostnearlylovinglyreadilyeagerlyreluctantlyThemainpurposeofthefifthparagraph(lines45-56)istodevelopacounterargumenttotheclaimthatgreedisvidesupportfortheideathatethicsisaboutdescribeathirdapproachtodefiningethicalillustratethatone’sactionsarearesultofAsusedinline58,“clashes”mostnearlyA)Whichchoicebestsupportstheauthor’sclaimthatthereiscommongroundsharedbythedifferentapproachestoethicsdescribedinthepassage?Lines11-12(“There...Lines47-50(“From...Lines59-64(“Take...Lines75-77(“We...

Themainideaofthefinalparagraphishumanquirksmakeitdifficulttopeople’sethicaldecisionsaccurawitheconomicinjustice.defineethicsineconomics.reformingthefreemarket.Datainthegraphaboutper-poundcoffeeprofitsinfollowingstatements?profitsthanregularcoffeeearned.TheprofitsearnedfromregularcoffeedidnotFfitsby2008.Datainthegraphindicatethatthegreatestdifferencebetweenper-poundprofitsfromfairtradecoffeeandthosefromregularcoffeeoccurredduringwhich2000to2002to2004to2006toUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111Datainthegraphprovidemostdirectsupportforwhichideainthepassage?ActingonempathycanbeEthicaleconomicsisdefinedbyEthicaleconomicsisstillPeoplefearlossesmorethantheyhopefor

Questions22-32arebasedonthefollowingPassage1isadaptedfromNicholasCarr,NicholasCarr:TheWebShattersFocus,Rewires?2010byCondéNast.Passage2isfromStevenPinker,“MindoverMassMedia.”?2010byTheNewYorkTimesPassageThementalconsequencesofouronlineinfo-crunchingarenotuniversallybad.CertaincognitiveskillsarestrengthenedbyourLineofcomputersandtheNet.Thesetendto5moreprimitivementalfunctions,suchashand-eyecoordination,reflexresponse,andtheprocessingofvisualcues.Onemuch-citedstudyofgamingrevealedthatafterjust10daysofplayingactiongamesoncomputers,agroupofyoungpeoplehad10significantlyboostedthespeedwithwhichtheycouldshifttheirvisualfocusbetweenvariousimagesandbrainfunctionsrelatedtofast-pacedproblempatternsinawelterofdata.ABritishstudyofthewaywomensearchformedicalinformationonlineindicatedthatanexperiencedInternetusercan,atleastinsomecases,assessthetrustworthiness20probablevalueofaWebpageinamatterofseconds.Themorewepracticesurfingandscanning,themoreadeptourbrain esatthosetasks.ButitwouldbeaseriousmistaketolooknarrowlyatsuchbenefitsandconcludethattheWebis25ussmarter.InaSciencearticlepublishedinearly2009,prominentdevelopmentalpsychologistPatriciaGreenfieldreviewedmorethan40studiesoftheeffectsofvarioustypesofmediaoninligenceandlearningability.Sheconcludedthat“everymedium30developssomecognitiveskillsattheexpenseofothers.”OurgrowinguseoftheNetandotherscreen-basedtechnologies,shewrote,hasledtothevisual-spatialskills.”Butthosegainsgohandin35withaweakeningofourcapacityforthekindof“deepprocessing”thatunderpins“mindfulknowledgeacquisition,inductiveysis,criticalthinking,imagination,andreflection.”Weknowthatthehumanbrainis40plastic;neuronsandsynapseschangecircumstanceschange.Whenweadaptto newculturalphenomenon,includingtheuseofaUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111MichaelMerzenich,apioneerofthefieldof45neuroplasticity.Thatmeansouronlinehabitscontinuetoreverberateintheworkingsofourbrainexercisingtheneuralcircuitsdevotedtoskimmingandmultitaskingwhileignoringthoseusedfor50readingandthinkingPassageCriticsofnewmediasometimesusescienceitselftopresstheircase,citingresearchthatshowshow“experiencecanchangethebrain.”Butcognitiveneuroscientistsrolltheireyesatsuchtalk.Yes,55timewelearnafactorskillthewiringofthebrainchanges;it’snotasiftheinformationisstoredinthepancreas.Buttheexistenceofneuralplasticitydoesnotmeanthebrainisablobofclaypoundedintoshapebyexperience.60Experiencedoesnotrevampthebasicinformation-processingcapacitiesofthethat,buttheverdictwasrenderedbyWoodyAllenafterhereadLeoTolstoy’sfamouslylongnovel65WarandPeaceinonesitting:“ItwasaboutGenuinemultitasking,too,hasbeenexposedasamyth,notjustbylaboratorystudiesbutbythefamiliarsightofanSUVundulatingbetweenlanesasthedrivercutsdealsonhiscellphone. Moreover,theeffectsofexperiencearehighlyspecifictotheexperiencesthemselves.Ifyoutrainpeopletodoonething(recognizeshapes,solvemathpuzzles,findhiddenwords),theygetbetteratngthatthing,butalmostnothingelse.Musicdoesn’t75makeyoubetteratmath,conjugatingLatinmakeyoumorelogical,brain-traininggamesdon’tmakeyousmarter. uptheirbrainswithinlectualcalisthenics;theyimmersethemselvesintheirfields.Novelists80lotsofnovels,scientistsreadlotsofTheeffectsofconsumingelectronicmediaarelikelytobefarmorelimitedthanthepanicimplies.Mediacriticswriteasifthebraintakesonthe85equivalentof“youarewhatyoueat.”Aswithancientthemfierce,theyassumethatwatchingquickcutsinrocksturnsyourmentallifeintoquickcutsorthatreadingbulletpointsandonlinepostingsturns

TheauthorofPassage1indicateswhichoftheItshouldbethoroughlyItmakesthebrainincreasinglyItshouldbewidelyWhichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines3-4(“Certain...Lines23-25(“But...Lines25-29(“Ina...Lines29-31(“She...TheauthorofPassage1indicatesthat adeptatusingtheInternetcanunderminetheabilitytothinkincreasepeople’ssocialimprovepeople’sself-90yourthoughtsintobulletpointsandonlineAsusedinline40,“plastic”mostnearly

Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis

CONTINUE111TheauthorofPassage2referstothenovelWoodyAllendidnotlikeTolstoy’swritingcouldnotcomprehendthenovelbyspeed-readingit. equiteskilledatregrettedhavingreadsuchalongAccordingtotheauthorofPassage2,whatdonovelistsandscientistshaveincommon?TheytakeriskswhentheypursueTheyareeagertoimprovetheirTheyarecuriousaboutother eabsorbedintheirownTheogyinthefinalsentenceofPassage2hasprimarilywhicheffect?Itemployshumortosoftenasevereopinionofhumanbehavior.ItalludestothepasttoevokeanostalgicThemainpurposeofeachpassageiscomparebrainfunctioninthosewhoplaygamesontheInternetandthosewhobrowseonit.reportontheproblem-solvingskillsoftakeapositiononincreasingfinancialsupportforstudiesrelatedtotechnologyandinligence.

makeanargumentabouttheeffectsofelectronicmediauseonthebrain.Whichchoicebestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthetwopassages?Passage2relatesfirst-handexperiencesthatcontrastwiththeclinicalapproachinPassage1.Passage2critiquestheconclusionsdrawnfromtheresearchdiscussedinPassage1.Passage2takesahigh-levelviewofathatthefindingsdiscussedinPassage1mightproduce.Onwhichofthefollowingpointswouldtheauthorsofbothpassagesmostlikelyagree?Computer-savvychildrentendtodemonstratebetterhand-eyecoordinationthandotheir

Thosewhocriticizeconsumersofelectronicmediatendtooverreactintheircriticism.toimprovedskillsinotherareas.onscreentexttoreadingactualbooks.WhichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencethatthetheclaimattributedtoMichaelMerzenichinlines41-43,Passage1?Lines51-53(“Critics...Lines54-56(“Yes...Lines57-59(“But...Lines83-84(“Media...Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111Questions33-42arebasedonthefollowingThispassageisadaptedfromElizabethCadyStanton’saddresstothe1869WomanSuffrageConventioninWashington,DC.Iurgeasixteenthamendment,because“manhoodsuffrage,”oraman’sernment,iscivil,religious,andsocialdisorganization.ThemaleelementisaLinedestructiveforce,stern,selfish,aggrandizing,5war,,conquest,acquisition,breedinginthematerialandmoralworldalikediscord,disorder,disease,anddeath.Seewhatarecordofbloodandcrueltythepagesofhistoryreveal!Throughwhatslavery,slaughter,andsacrifice,throughwhat10inquisitionsandimprisonments,painsandpersecutions,blackcodesandgloomycreeds,thesoulofhumanityhasstruggledforthecenturies,beendeadaliketoloveandhope! Themaleelementhasheldhighcarnivalthusfar;ithasfairlyrunriotfromthebeginning,nature,untilweknowbutlittleoftruemanhood20womanhood,ofthelattercomparativelynothing,forithasscarcebeenrecognizedasapoweruntilwithinthelastcentury.Societyisbutthereflectionofmanhimself,untemperedbywoman’sthought;thehardironrulewefeelalikeinthechurch,thestate,and25home.Nooneneedwonderatthedisorganization,atthefragmentaryconditionofeverything,whenwerememberthatman,whorepresentsbuthalfasubject,hasundertakentheabsolutecontrolofall30sublunaryPeopleobjecttothedemandsofthosewhomtheychoosetocallthestrong-minded,becausetheysaymasculine.”Thatisjustthedifficultyinwhichwe35involvedtoday.Thoughdisfranchised,wehavefewwomeninthebestsense;wehavesimplysomanyreflections,varieties,anddilutionsofthemasculinegender.Thestrong,naturalcharacteristicsofwomanhoodarerepressedandignoredin

40dependence,forsolongasmanfeedswomanshewilltrytopleasethegiverandadaptherselftohiscondition.Tokeepafootholdinsociety,womanmustbeasnearlikemanaspossible,reflecthisideas,45mustrespecthisstatutes,thoughtheystripherofeveryinalienableright,andwiththathigherlawwrittenbythefingerofGodonherownsoul[M]anhasbeenmoldingwomantohisideasbydirectandpositiveinfluences,whileshe,ifnot50negation,hasusedindirectmeanstocontrolhim,andinmostcasesdevelopedtheverycharacteristicsAndnowmanhimselfstandsappalledattheresultsofhisownexcesses,andmournsinbitterness55falsehood,selfishness,andarethelawofTheneedofthishourisnotterritory,goldmines,railroads,orspeciepaymentsbutanewevangelofwomanhood,toexaltpurity,virtue,morality,truereligion,toliftmanupintothehigherreaof60thoughtandWeaskwoman’senfranchisement,asthefirststeptowardtherecognitionofthatessentialelementinernmentthatcanonlysecurethehealth,strength,andprosperityofthenation.Whateverisdonetolift65womantohertruepositionwillhelptousherinanewdayofpeaceandperfectionfortherace.Inspeakingofthemasculineelement,Idonotwishtobeunderstoodtosaythatallmenarehard,selfish,andbrutal,formanyofthemostbeautiful70spiritstheworldhasknownhavebeenclothedwithmanhood;butIrefertothosecharacteristics,thoughoftenmarkedinwoman,thatdistinguishwhatis75civilization,whenexpendedontheearth,thesea,theelements,therichesandforcesofnature,arepowersofdestructionwhenusedtosubjugateonemantoanotherortosacrificenationstoambition.Herethatgreatconservatorofwoman’slove,80permittedtoassertitself,asitnaturallywouldinwouldholdallthesedestructiveforcesincheck,forwomanknowsthecostoflifebetterthanmandoes,andnotwithherconsentwouldonedropofblood85everbeshed,onelifesacrificedinUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111ThecentralproblemthatStantondescribesinthepassageisthatwomenhavebeenhaskeptthemfromreachingtheirpotential.onmen,whichhasledtosocietalbreakdown.preventedfromvoting,whichhasresultedinpoorcandidateswinningimportantelections.blockedbymenfromservingaslegislators,Stantonusesthephrase“highcarnival”(line15)mainlytoemphasizewhatsheseesastheutterdominationofwomenbyfreewheelingspiritofthescandalousdeclineinmoralgrowingpowerofwomenin

Asusedinline24,“rule”mostnearlyrefersageneralacontrollinganestablishedaproceduralItcanreasonablybeinferredthatstrong-minded”(line32)wasatermgenerallyintendedtoidentifywomenwhodemonstrateinlectualcondemnwomenwhoagitateforthevotefortheirsex. StantonclaimsthatwhichofthefollowingwasaThecontrolofsocietybyThespreadofwarandThedominationofdomesticlifebyTheacknowledgmentofwomen’strue

Asusedinline36,“best”mostnearlyWhichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines3-7(“Themale...Lines15-22(“Themale...Lines22-25(“Society...Lines48-52(“[M]an...

Stantoncontendsthatthesituationshedescribesinthepassagehas esodirethatevenmenhavebeguntolamenttheproblemstheyhavejointhecallforwomanconsiderwomentheirsocialaskwomenhowtoimprovecivicUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines25-30(“Noone...Lines53-55(“Andnow...Lines56-60(“Theneed...Lines61-64(“Weask...

concernedwithestablishingacontrastmenandthespiritualworldandthematerialmenandmasculineUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111Questions43-52arebasedonthefollowingpassageandsupplementarymaterial.ThispassageisadaptedfromGeoffreyGiller,“LongaMystery,How500-Meter-HighUnderseaWavesFormIsRevealed.”?2014byScientificAmerican.nearlyimpossibletosee.Unlikeotherlargewaves,theserollers,calledinternalwaves,donotridetheLineoceansurface.Instead,theymove5undetectablewithouttheuseofsaliteimageryorsophisticatedmonitoringequipment.Despitetheirhiddennature,internalwavesarefundamentalpartsofoceanwaterdynamics,transferringheattothe10Andtheycanreachstaggeringheights—someastallasskyscrapers.andthusthetransferofheat,understandingthemiscrucialtoglobalclimatemodeling,saysTom15Peacock,aresearcherattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Mostmodelsfailtotakeinternalwavesintoaccount.“Ifwewanttohavemoreandmoreaccurateclimatemodels,wehavetobeableto Peacockandhiscolleaguestriedtodojustthat.Theirstudy,publishedinNovemberinGeophysicalResearchLetters,focusedoninternalwavesgeneratedintheLuzonStrait,whichseparatesandthePhilippines.Internalwavesinthisregion,thoughtto25besomeofthelargestintheworld,canreachabout500metershigh.“That’sthesameheightastheFreedomTowerthat’sjustbeenbuiltinNewYork,”Peacocksays.Althoughscientistsknewofthisphenomenon30theSouthChinaSeaand,theydidn’tknowexactlyhowinternalwavesformed.Tofindout,PeacockandateamofresearchersfromM.I.T.andWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutionworkedwithFrance’sNationalCenterforScientificResearch35usingagiantfacilitytherecalledtheCoriolisPlatform.Therotatingplatform,about15meterscansimulateEarth’srotation.Italsohaswalls,which40accurate,large-scalesimulationsofvariousoceanographicscenarios.

Peacockandhisteambuiltacarbon-fiberresinscalemodeloftheLuzonStrait,includingtheislandsandsurroundingoceanfloortopography.Thenthey45filledtheplatformwithwaterofvaryingsalinitytowithdenser,saltierwaterbelowandlighter,lesssolutionandilluminatedwithlightsfrombelowin50ordertotrackhowtheliquidmoved.Finally,theytheinternalwavesthemselvesformed.distinctdouble-ridgeshape,turnsouttobe55responsibleforgeneratingtheunderwaterwaves.AsthetiderisesandfallsandwatermovesthroughThisactionresultsinbumpsofcolderwatertrailed60bywarmerwaterthatgenerateaninternalwave.Asthesewavesmovetowardland,they steeper—muchthesamewaywavesatthebeachetallerbeforetheyhittheshore—untiltheybreakonacontinentalshelf. Theresearcherswerealsoabletodeviseaandformationofthesewaves.WhereasthemodelspecifictotheLuzonStrait,itcanstillhelpresearchersunderstandhowinternalwavesareEventually,thisinformationwillbeincorporatedinto“It’sveryclear,withinthecontextofthese[globalclimate]models,thatinternalwavesplayarolein75drivingoceancirculations,”PeacockUnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111CHANGESINDEPTHOFTime0DepthBelowDepthBelow *BandsofwaterofconstantAdaptedfromJustinSmalletal.,“InternalSolitonsintheOcean:PredictionfromSAR.”?1998byOceanography,DefenceEvaluationandResearchThefirstparagraphservesmainlyexplainhowascientificdeviceisnoteacommonmisconceptionaboutan

AccordingtoPeacock,theabilitytomonitorinternalwavesissignificantprimarilybecauseheightofsuchwaves.itwillallowresearcherstoshifttheirfocustoimprovingthequalityofsaliteimages.predictandpreventcoastaldamage.developmentofkeyscientificmodels.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines1-2(“Some...Lines4-6(“they...Lines17-19(“If...Lines24-26(“Internal...Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageis CONTINUE111Asusedinline65,“devise”mostnearlyBasedoninformationinthepassage,itcanreasonablybeinferredthatallinternalreachapproximaythesameheighteventhoughthelocationsanddepthsofcontinentalshelvesvary.influencedbythedistincttopographiesofdifferentregions.canbetracedtoinconsistenciesinthetidalpatternsofdeepoceanwaterlocatednearoverarelativelyflatsectionoftheoceanfloor.

Inthegraph,whichisothermdisplaysanincreaseindepthbelowthesurfaceduringtheperiod19:12toWhichconceptissupportedbythepassageandbytheinformationinthegraph?tomix.lessdensewater.bandsofwarmerwater.InternalwavesdonotrisetobreaktheWhichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines29-31(“Although...Lines56-58(“Asthe...Lines61-64(“Asthese...Lines67-70(“Whereas...

Howdoesthegraphsupporttheauthor’spointthatItdemonstratesthatwavemovementforcesItrevealsthedegreetowhichaninternalwaveItillustratesthechangeinsurfacetemperatureItshowsthatmultiplewavesrisingnearthesurfaceoftheoceandisrupttheflowofnormalIfyoufinishbeforetimeiscalled,youmaycheckyourworkonthissectionDonotturntoany