Unit3Artforart’ssake12ThemysteryofGirlswithaPearlEarringHowwelistenText

AboutthepaintingGotothetextLookatthepaintingandanswerthequestions.Text1Howolddoyouthinkthegirlis?2Whatisshewearing?3Isshebeautiful?4Howwouldyoudescribeherexpression?5Whatisthefocusofthepainting?1Howolddoyouthinkthegirlis?

It’shardtosay,butshelooksbetween14and16.2Whatisshewearing?Shehasaheavycoatandshe’swearingascarfwrappedaroundherheadlikeaturban.She’salsogotalargepearlearringonherleftear.3Isshebeautiful?

I

wouldsaythatsheisprettybutnotbeautiful.

However,thereissomethingaboutherlooksand

expressionwhichisattractive.Maybeshehasastrong,interestingcharacterbutwecan’tbesure.Text4Howwouldyoudescribeherexpression?

She’slookingatuswithlargeeyesinanopenanddirectway,andhermouthisslightlyopen.Shelooksabitinnocent,nervousandsurprised,asifsheisabouttosaysomething.Herexpressioncouldbeinterpretedaslongingorinquiring;probablyshewantssomethingverymuchbutwedon’tknowwhatitis.Text5Whatisthefocusofthepainting?

Oureyesaredrawntotheearring.It’snotinthe

centreofthepaintinganditshinesabitinthedark.

But

itisinsideaframeoflightcoloursmadebythediagonallinesofhereyes,hernose,hermouthand

the

verticalyellowscarfandnearlyhorizontalwhitecollar.

TextText1

hepaintingGirlwithaPearlEarringisoneofthegreatestworksbytheDutchpainter

JohannesVermeer,andoneofthebestlovedpaintingsintheworld.Itshowsastrikingyoungwomanwearinganexoticcostumeanda

turban,peeringoverhershoulderstraightoutattheviewer.Setagainstadarkandunspecifiedbackground,oureyesaredrawntoherpearlearring,thefocalpointofthepainting.

ThemysteryofGirlwithaPearlEarringT

Butaftermorethanacenturyofstudy,theworkposessomefascinatingquestions.Whoistheyoungwoman?Isthepaintingaportraitofarealperson,orasitterrepresentingmoregeneralattributesofwomanhood?Howoldisshemeanttobe?Isthepearlreal?What'sthesignificanceoftheturban?Whatisshethinkingasshestaresoutatus?TextText2Ingeneral,verylittleisknownaboutVermeer.Weknowhewasbornin1632,spenthisentirelifeinDelft,anddiedin1675.Weknowhisworkincludespaintingsofreligiousandmythologicalthemes,domesticinteriorsandlandscapes.Heneverseemstohavebeenwealthy,perhapsbecauseheproducedrelativelyfewpaintings.

Hisotherwell-knownworksincludeGirlReadingaLetteratanOpenWindow,andWomanwithWaterJug.Text

3

WealsoknowthatalthoughhecamefromaProtestantfamily,hemarriedaCatholicgirlCatharina,whoinsistedthatheconverttoCatholicismbeforetheymarriedandhad14children.4

AsfarastheGirlwithaPearlEarringisconcerned,itseemsthatitwasn'tmeanttobeaportrait,butastudyofexpressions,facialcharacteristicsorotherinterestingfeatures.It'struethatthegirl'sfacewouldprobablynotbeconsideredbeautifulinaconventionalsense.Ifithadbeenaportrait,apainterwouldhaveworkedhardertoconveythesitter'sbeauty,evenifitmeantslightlydistortingthetruth!ThiskindofstudywaspopularinHollandatthetime,andwouldhavebeeneasytosell.Text

Wedon'tknow,however,ifthispaintingwaseversoldduringVermeer'slifetime.Wedon'tevenknowifitwascommissionedbyVermeer'spatron,vanRuijven.Ifso,themodelmighthavebeenoneofhisdaughterswhowasaboutthesameageasthesitter.WeknowlessabouttheGirlwiththePearlEarringthananyofVermeer'sworks.Indeed,theunexplainablelackofbackgroundinformationmayevencontributetotheworldwidepopularitythepaintingenjoys.Text

5

Withsomuchmystery,thepaintinghas

beenthethemeoffirst,anovelandlater,afilm,bothofwhichattempttoanswersomeofthequestionsaboutthepainting,aswellasone,whichisimmediatelymoreappropriate

tothemediumofthe

novelorthe

film:Areherwideeyesandenigmatichalf-smileinnocentorseductive?Text

6

TracyChevalier'snovel,publishedin1999,tellsusthestoryofGriet,a16-year-oldDutchgirlwhoneedstostartworkinordertosupportherfamily.ShebecomesamaidinVermeer'shousehold,withitsfivechildren,grandmother,along-timeservant,andCatharina,Vermeer'svolatilewife.WhileGrietgoesaboutherduties,sheattractstheattentionnotonlyofabutcher'sboy,Pieter,butalsoofthepainterhimself.

Despitetheirdifferentbackgroundsandclass,heinvitesherintohisstudioandengagesherinhisworld.Text

7AtfirstGrietmerelyrunserrandsandperformstasksforVermeer.Butgradually,hisrelationshipwithherchanges.VermeerrecognizesGrietashavingvisualtalentandartisticpromise,andtakesheronashisstudioassistant.GrietiswaryofherpositionintheVermeerhouseholdbutrevelsinbeingencouragedtodevelopherskills.

Text

HerroleistogrindpaintsanddevelopthecolourswhichVermeerwilluseforhispaintingsandwhenamodelfallsill,shetakesherplace.Catharinahaslongbeenforbiddentoenterthestudio,sotheapprenticeshiptakesplaceinsecret.GrietandVermeergrowcloser,althoughtheirfeelingsareneverstatedexplicitly.Text8ButthenVermeer'spatron,thewealthyvanRuijven,whoisattractedbyGriet,insiststhatthemaidandhebethesubjectsofVermeer'snextcommissionedwork.GrietandVermeerarereluctanttoagreebecauseofherstrictmodestyandthescandalcausedbythelastoccasionvanRuijvenwaspaintedwithayoungwoman.Eventually,VermeercompromisesandagreestopaintGrietonherown,wearingCatharina'spearlearrings.Butwhileheispaintingher,VermeerseesGriet'shair,whichtakessomeofhermodestyawayand,deeplyembarrassed,sherunstoPieterforcomfort.Text

9OnedayVermeer'sdaughterdiscoversthatGriethasbeenmodellingforherfather,andtellshermother.Filledwithjealousy,Catharinastormsintothestudioanddemandstoseethepainting.GrietisembarrassedwhenVermeeraccusesCatharinaofnotunderstandingart,anddecidestoleavetheVermeerhousehold.Text

10TenyearslaterweunderstandthatGriethasmarriedPieter,andhashadchildrenwithhim.Inthemeantime,Vermeerhasdiedandinhiswill,haslefttheearringstoGriet.ShesellsthemtosettlethedebtduetotheVermeersbythebutcher'sshopwhenGrietandPietergotmarried.Text

11TracyChevalier'stalentwastobringtolifeformodernreadersthestoryofayoungwomaninasmallcitymanycenturiesago,andaboveall,tospeculateontheanswerstosomeofthequestionswhichthepaintingprovokes.Text

12Thenovelwasabest-seller,andconsequentlywasmadeintoafilmofthesamenamein2003.VermeerwasplayedbyColinFirth,andGrietbyScarlettJohannson.ThefilmshowsveryeffectivelythetensionbetweenthetwowhenVermeerpiercesGriet'searlobessoshecanwearhiswife'spearlearringsfortheportraitcommissionedbyhispatron.Itendswithascenenotdescribedinthenovel,withthepearlearringsbeing

mysteriouslydeliveredtoGriet,andwe'releftwonderingifsheevermarriesPieter.Text

13ThepaintingcanbefoundintheMauritshuisMuseuminTheHague,Holland.Ithasbeendescribedasthe

MonaLisaofthenorth,preciselybecause,likeLeonardodaVinci'spainting,nowinParis,itappearstobeasimplelikenessofawomanwithanenigmaticsmile,yetwhichcontainslevelsofmeaningsandquestions.Thefactthatasinglepaintingcangenerateathoroughlyrewardingnovelandawell-composedfilmdemonstratesourfascinationinthemysteryoftheGirlwitha

PearlEarring.Words&Phrasespearlexoticturbanviewer

focalportrait

sitterfeatureconvert

CatholicismCatholicProtestantjuginteriorwaryerrand

engagevolatileseductive

enigmaticunexplainablewomanhood

mythologicaldomesticpatron

commission

distortapprenticeshipgrindrevelWords&Phrasesexplicitlymodestyscandaljealousy

meantime

consequently

pierce

earlobe

mysteriouslythoroughlyWords&Phrasesasfarassth.isconcernedrunanerrandtake(sb.)onstorminto/outbringsth.tolife

Words&PhrasesJohannesVermeer

約翰尼斯·維梅爾Delft

代爾夫特（荷蘭城市）Catharina

凱瑟琳娜vanRuijven

范·魯文（人名）TracyChevalier

崔西·雪佛蘭Griet

格里特（人名）Pieter

彼得（人名）ColinFirth

科林·弗思ScarlettJohannson

斯嘉麗·約翰松MauritshuisMuseum莫瑞泰斯皇家美術館Words&PhrasesTheHague海牙MonaLisa《蒙娜·麗莎》

LeonardodaVinci列奧納多·達·芬奇pearln.[C]

asmallroundjewelthatiswhiteandshinyandthatgrowsinsidetheshellofanoyster珍珠e.g.1.

Thepearlsparkledinthemoonlight.

那顆珍珠在月光下閃閃發光。

2.

SingaporeisdescribedasthepearloftheOrient.

新加坡被視為東方明珠。

Words&Phrasesexotica.1)interestingorexcitingbecauseofbeingunusualornotfamiliarorbecauseofbeinginorfromdistantforeigncountries

奇異的；別致的；異乎尋常的；異國情調的e.g.1.

Shelovesexoticclothesandtravellingtheexoticplaces.她喜歡穿奇裝異服，到充滿異國情調的地方去旅游。2)originatinginorcharacteristicofadistantforeigncountry

外（國）來的e.g.TherearesomeexoticwordsinEnglishlanguage.

英語中有一些外來詞。Wordfamily:exotically

ad.Words&Phrasesturbann.[C]alongpieceofclothwrappedaroundthehead,wornespeciallybySikh,Hindu,andMuslimmen(尤指錫克教教徒、印度教教徒和穆斯林男子的）包頭巾，纏頭巾e.g.Alargehandkerchiefofbrightlycoloredsilkorcottonisoftenwornasaturban.一種顏色鮮艷的絲質或棉布大手巾常當作頭巾戴。

Words&Phrasesviewern.[C]1)

someonewholooksatapicture,photograph,or

pieceofart

（圖片、照片或藝術品的）觀賞者e.g.

TheAmericansceneawestheviewerwithbothitsvarietyandsize.

來美國觀光的人無不贊嘆這塊土地幅員廣闊、多姿多彩。2)someonewhowatchestelevision電視觀眾e.g.

Lettersfromviewersexpresstheirdissatisfactionwithcurrentprogrammes.電視觀眾來信表示對當前節目不滿。Wordfamily:view

v.

Words&PhrasesChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.

Thedefenselawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe______ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.(CET4-2005-12-44)A)observersB)witnessesC)audiencesD)viewers

Words&PhrasesBfocal

a.

ofmajorimportance

最重要的；中心的；焦點的e.g.1.

Thefocalpointofourdiscussionwastheneedforaction.我們討論的中心是采取行動的必要性。2.

Televisionhasnowbecomethefocalpointoffamilylifeinmanycountriesintheworld.現在世界上的許多國家看電視已經成為人們家庭生活中的主要消遣。Wordfamily:focus

n.[C]&v.

Words&Phrasesportrait

n.[C]

1)

apainting,drawing,orphotographofsomeone,especiallyoftheirfaceonly（尤指面部的）畫像，照片，肖像e.g.

Theportraitshowsfineeffectsoflightandshade.

這幅肖像畫的濃淡色調表現得很好。2)adescriptionofsomeoneorsomething,forexampleinabook描述；描繪；描寫e.g.ThebookcontainsafascinatingportraitoflifeatthecourtofHenryVIII.該書生動地描寫了亨利八世的宮廷生活。

Words&Phrasessittern.[C]1)

someonewhositsorstandsinaparticularpositionwhileanartistpaintsorphotographsthem（坐著或站著供人畫像或照相的）模特e.g.Thepaintingwasthoughttobenamedafterthesitter.這幅畫被認為是以畫中人的名字命名的。2)(infml)ababysitter（代人照看小孩的）臨時保姆e.g.Iwasluckythatmyfamilyandmybabysittercouldalsorelievemesothatmysonwasneveralone.幸運的是，我的家人和保姆也能減輕我的負擔，所以兒子一直有人陪著。Words&Phraseswomanhood

n.[C]1)

(fml)allwomenconsideredasagroup（總稱）女性e.g.

GraceandcompassionhavecometorepresenttheidealofwomanhoodintheEast.優雅和憐憫共同表現了完美的東方女人氣質。2)thestateofbeingawoman,ortheperiodoftimewhensomeoneisawoman女子成年的狀態；女子成年期e.g.ShewasalittlegirlwhenIlefthome;nowshebudsintowomanhood.我離開家時她還是個小女孩,

現在已經是成年女子了。Words&Phrasesmythologicala.

of

mythology

神話的e.g.Thismasterisrememberedforhishistoricalandmythologicalworks.這位大師以其帶有歷史感和神話色彩的作品而著稱。Wordfamily:

mythology

n.acollectionofancientmyths,especiallythoseofaparticularcountryorreligione.g.

HestudiesGreekandRomanmythology.

他研究希臘和羅馬神話。

Words&Phrasesdomestica.

1)

relatingtothecountrybeingtalkedabout,andnotothercountries

本國的；國內的e.g.

Thenewspaperprovidesmoreforeignnewsthandomesticnews.

這家報紙刊登的國外消息多于國內消息。2)(usubeforenoun)

relatingtopeople’shomesandfamilylife家的；家庭的e.g.

MyhusbandlovesadventurouslifewhileIenjoyamorepeacefuldomesticlife.

我丈夫喜歡冒險的生活，而我則喜歡寧靜的家居生活。Words&Phrases3)adomesticanimalisonethatiskeptasapetoronafarm馴養的；家養的e.g.Dogs,catsandoxenarealldomesticanimals.

狗，貓和牛都是家禽。Words&Phrasesinteriorn.1)

[C](ususing)theinsidepartofsomething,especiallyabuildingorvehicle內部；（尤指）屋內，車內e.g.

1.Theinteriorofthehighbuildingismagnificentandluxurious.大樓內部裝飾得富麗堂皇。2.Theinteriorofthecarwasveryspacious.這部車的內部空間非常寬敞。

Words&Phrases2)(the~)theinnerpartofacountryorregionthatisfurthestawayfromitsbordersorcoasts內地；腹地；內陸e.g.ThepeopleoftheAfricaninteriorbegantooffergoldinexchangeforthegoodstheyneededfromabroad.從此后非洲內地的各族人民開始用黃金交換他們所需要的外國貨物。Antonym:exteriorn.

Words&Phrasesjugn.

[C](BrE)acontainerfromwhichyoupourliquidssuchaswaterormilk.TheusualAmericanwordispitcher罐；壺e.g.1.

Shefilledthejugwithfreshwater.她將水壺注滿了清水。2.Sheputmoreandmorestonesinuntilthewatercameuptothetopofthejug.Soshehadaverylong

drink.

她丟更多的石頭進去直到水滿到瓶口。因此她可以喝一大口的水。

Words&PhrasesProtestant1)

a.

connectedwiththeProtestantChurch新教的e.g.IsheCatholicorProtestant?他是天主教徒還是新教徒？2)n.

[C]

amemberofagroupofChristianchurchesthatseparatedfromtheRomanCatholicChurchinthe

16thcentury

新教徒（16世紀脫離羅馬天主教的基督教教派成員）e.g.

1.AProtestantdeliveredaspeechtothecrowd.一名新教徒向人群發表了演說。2.ThevastmajorityoftheworkershereareProtestants.這里的工人絕大多是新教徒。Words&PhrasesAProtestantisabelieverintheProtestantchurch,

whichdevelopedinthe16thcenturyinEurope.

ProtestantismisthebranchofChristianitywhich

believesintheauthorityoftheBible,andinthe

importanceoffaithinJesusChrist,thesonofGod.Words&PhrasesCatholic1)

a.

connectedwiththeRomanCatholicChurch

天主教的e.g.ThePopeisthesupremeleaderoftheRomanCatholicChurch.教皇是羅馬天主教的最高領袖。2)n.

[C]

amemberoftheRomanCatholicChurch

天主教徒e.g.Shewasadevoutcatholic.她曾是個虔誠的天主教徒。ACatholicisabelieverintheRomanCatholicchurch,whoseleaderisthePope.CatholicismisthebranchofChristianitywhichmaintainsthatbelieversshouldshowtheirloveofGodbyfollowingtheexampleofJesusChrist.Italsoplacesimportanceonconfessingsinsandtheafterlife.Seealso:Catholicism.

Words&PhrasesCatholicismn.[U]thereligionoftheRomanCatholicChurch天主教CatholicismisabroadtermforthebodyoftheCatholicfaith,itstheologiesanddoctrines,itsliturgical,ethical,spiritual,andbehavioralcharacteristics,aswellasareligiouspeopleasawhole.e.g.

1.HehasconvertedfromCatholicismtoJudaism.他已從天主教改信猶太教。2.Catholicismismoreawayoflife.天主教更多只是一種生活方式。Seealso:Catholic.

Words&Phrasesconvertv.

1)

changeyourbeliefs,especiallyyourreligiousbeliefs,

orpersuadesomeonetodothis（使）改變信仰（尤指宗教信仰）；（使）皈依e.g.Hewassentouttoconverttheheathens.他被派去教化那些異教徒。2)changefromonesystem,use,ormethodtoanother,ormakesomethingdothis

（使）轉換；（使）轉變；（使）轉化e.g.Thesolarcellcanconverttheenergyofsunlightintoelectricenergy.太陽能電池能把陽光的能量轉化為電能。

Words&Phrasesfeaturen.[C]

animportantpartoraspectofsomething特點；特征；特色e.g.

1.Hereyesarehermoststrikingfeature.她面部最突出的部分是那雙眼睛。2.WetweatherisafeatureinScotland.潮濕的天氣是蘇格蘭的一個特色。Words&Phrasesdistortvt.

1)

changesth.suchasinformationsothatitisnolongertrueoraccurate歪曲；曲解e.g.Thebiasofareportercaneasilydistortthenews.記者的偏見很容易歪曲新聞的報導。2)changethewaythatsth.looks,sounds,orbehavessothatitbecomesstrangeordifficulttorecognize使變形；使扭曲e.g.Tallbuildingscandistortradiosignals.

高大的建筑物會使無線電信號失真。Wordfamily:distortion

n.

Words&Phrasescommissionvt.

1)

officiallyaskforapieceofworktobedoneforyou

委托制作；委托創作e.g.Themusicianwascommissionedanewsymphonyforthefestival.那位音樂家受托為這個節慶寫一首新的交響樂曲。2)

(usupassive)makesomeoneanofficerinthearmedforces

委任；任命……為軍官e.g.IwascommissionedintotheRAF.

我被授予皇家空軍的軍官軍銜。3)orderorauthorize(apersonororganization)todoorproducesth.授權（或委托）（人，組織）做（或制造）某事物e.g.Myfathercommissionedarealestateagenttosellourhouse.我父親委托了一名房地產經紀人來賣我們的房子。Words&Phrasespatronn.[C]1)

someonewhosupportstheworkofwriters,artists,musiciansetc,especiallybygivingthemmoney（作家、藝術家、音樂家的）資助人，贊助者e.g.Modernartistshavedifficultyinfindingpatrons.現代藝術家們很難找到贊助人。

2)

(fml)someonewhousesaparticularrestaurant,hotel,orotherbusiness（餐館、酒店或其他生意的）主顧，顧客e.g.Thenewmanagementisassuringitspatronofitsbesteffortandhospitality.新的管理組織將保證為顧客提供最優質的服務。Words&Phrasesunexplainablea.

unabletobeexplainedorunderstood不可解釋的；無法說明的；費解的e.g.Aphobiaisanirrationalandoftenunexplainablefearthatcausesanuncontrollablephysicalreaction.恐懼癥是一種不理性及通常很難解釋的恐懼，它會引起一種無法自我控制的生理反應。Antonym:explainableWordfamily:explainv.explanationn.

Words&Phrasesenigmatica.

mysteriousanddifficulttounderstand謎一般的；神秘莫測的；難以捉摸的TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:Thefocusofthepaintingistheattractive,gentlebutenigmaticsmileonthefaceofMonaLisa.這幅畫的重點是蒙娜·麗莎臉上那迷人、溫柔而又神秘莫測的微笑。Wordfamily:enigmatically

ad.Words&Phrasesseductivea.

1)

sexuallyattractive

性感的；勾引人的e.g.Sheis

averyattractiveandseductivewoman.她是位非常有魅力的、性感的女人。2)attractiveandlikelytopersuadeyoutodosth.youwouldnotusuallydo誘人的；有誘惑力的e.g.Thisofferofahighsalaryandafreehouseisveryseductive.這種高薪加免費住房的條件十分誘人。Wordfamily:seduce

vt.

Words&Phrasesvolatilea.

1)

someonewhoisvolatilecanquicklybecomeangryorviolent（人）暴躁的2)avolatilesituationcansuddenlychangeorbecomemoredangerous易變的；動蕩不定的TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:1.Poetsarehighlynervousandvolatileintemperament.詩人生性神經過敏，喜怒無常。2.Thepoliticalsituationisbecomingmorevolatile.政局變得更加動蕩不定。Words&Phrasesengagevt.

1)

(fml)

starttoemploysomeoneorusetheirservices

雇用；聘用e.g.Herfatherengagedatutortoimprovehermaths.她爸爸請了一位家庭教師給她補習數學。2)attractandkeepsomeone’sinterestorattention吸引住（某人的興趣、注意力）e.g.1.

Thetoydidn’tengagehisinterestforlong.

這個玩具對他的吸引力沒有維持多久。2.Brightcolorsengageababy’sattention.

鮮艷的顏色會引起嬰兒的注意。Wordfamily:engagement

n.

Words&Phraseserrandn.

[C]

asmalljobthatinvolvesgoingtocollectordeliversth.差使；跑腿e.g.1.

Yourerrandwastomailtheletter.你的差事是去寄這封信。2.Thefathersenthimoutonanerrandtothecity.

父親派他進城去辦件事。Seealso:

runanerrand.

Words&Phraseswarya.

(~of)

carefulornervousaboutsomeoneorsomethingbecauseyouthinktheymightcauseaproblem謹慎的；小心翼翼的e.g.Keepawaryeyeontheweatherbeforeyousetsail.

出航前要密切注意天氣。TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:我們一定要教育孩子警惕陌生人。Wemustteachchildrentobewaryofstrangers.Wordfamily:warilyad.Antonym:unwaryWords&Phrasesrevelvi.1)

(~in)

enjoysth.verymuch

陶醉于；著迷于e.g.1.Sheseemstorevelinannoyingherparents.她似乎以惹父母生氣為樂。2.Aletawasblindfrombirth,soshelearnedtoadapttothedarknessandrevelinthesoundsandsmellsoftheforest.

艾麗塔出生時雙目失明，因而她學會了適應黑暗，并沉浸于森林的聲音與氣息。2)engageinlivelyandnoisyfestivities,especiallythosewhichinvolvedrinkinganddancing（尤指飲酒和跳舞）作樂，狂歡e.g.Theyweredrinkingandrevelingallnight.他們整夜喝酒作樂。Words&Phrasesgrindv.

ground/ground1)

overysmallpiecesorpowder,byusingamachineorbycrushingitbetweentwohardsurfaces

磨碎；把……磨成粉狀e.g.1.

Wegrindupthewheattomakeflour.

我們把小麥磨成面粉。2.Wouldyoupleasegrindapoundofcoffeeforme?請給我磨一磅咖啡好嗎?2)

presssth.downontoasurfaceusingalotofforce用力壓e.g.

Hegroundouthiscigaretteonthewindowledge.

他在窗臺上把香煙按滅。

Words&Phrasesapprenticeshipn.

[C,U]

employmentasanapprentice;thepositionofapprentice

當學徒；學徒的身份e.g.1.Heservedhisapprenticeshipwithatailor.

他曾跟一個裁縫當過學徒。2.Apprenticeshipisthemosttraditionalwayofvocationaleducation.學徒制度是世界上最古老的職業教育形式。3.AfterhisapprenticeshipheworkedforJoeManton,thegreatestgunsmithinEnglandandalegendinhisownlifetime.學徒期滿后，詹姆士為英國最偉大的造槍巨子及其所在時代的一個傳奇人物喬曼頓工作。Wordfamily:apprenticen.[C]

學徒，徒弟Words&Phrasesexplicitlyad.

inanexplicitmanner

清楚地；明白地；無可懷疑地

Wordfamily:explicit

a.saidorexplainedinanextremelyclearway,sothatyoucannotdoubtwhatismeant清楚明確的；直截了當的e.g.1.

Hegavemeexplicitdirectionsonhowtogetthere.他清清楚楚地告訴我怎樣到達那里。

2.

Heexplicitlysaidthathewouldn'tberetiringfromthematch.

他已明確表示不會退出比賽。Words&Phrasesmodestyn.[U]

1)unwillingnesstoshowyourbodyordoanythingthatmayattractsexualinterest羞怯；靦腆；端莊

2)

thetendencynottotalkaboutyourself,yourachievements,oryourabilitiesevenifyouaresuccessful

謙遜；謙虛Wordfamily:modest

a.Words&PhrasesFigureoutthemeaningsof“modesty”inthefollowingsentences.Matchitsusagewiththemeaning1羞怯；靦腆；端莊

or2謙遜；謙虛andtranslatethemintoChinese.1.

Onelosesbyprideandgainsbymodesty.()滿招損，謙受益。2.Asconceitmakesonelagbehind,somodestyhelpsonemakeprogress.()

驕傲使人落后，謙虛使人進步。

3.Hermodestypreventedherfrommakingherrealfeelingsknowntohim.()

她由于羞怯未曾向他吐露真情實意。Words&Phrases212scandaln.

[C,U]

asituationinwhichimportantpeoplebehaveinadishonestorimmoralwaythatshockspeople丑聞；丑行；丑事e.g.1.

Scandalandgossiparemeatanddrinktothem.各種丑聞和流言蜚語是他們最感興趣的事。2.Hesufferedalossofprestigewhenthescandalwaspublicized.這件丑事公開后他便威信掃地。Words&Phrasesjealousyn.

[U]

anunhappyfeelingbecausesomeonehassth.thatyouwouldlikeorcandosth.thatyouwouldliketodo妒忌e.g.1.Amandrivenbyjealousyiscapableofanything.

嫉妒心可使人什么都做得出來。2.Unfortunately,hersuccessexcitedjealousyinherfriends.不幸的是，她的成功引起了朋友們的妒忌。Wordfamily:jealous

a.Words&Phrasesmeantimen.

[U]

duringthetimebetweentwoeventsorbetweenthepresenttimeandafutureevent在這期間；與此同時e.g.1.Ilikeskiingandinthemeantime,Iknowitisverydangerous.我喜歡滑雪，同時也知道這非常危險。2.Inthemeantimeoftakingcareofhislife,youhavetoinsulateyourselffromhismoods.

在照顧他生活的同時，你必須將你自己隔絕在他的情緒之外。Words&Phrasesconsequentlyad.

asaresult因此；結果e.g.1.

Thecompanywentbankrupt.Consequently,helosthisjob.公司破產，因此他失業了。2.Somepeoplehavenorespectforthespeedlimitandconsequentlyarepunished.有些人全然不顧限速規定，結果受到處罰。Wordfamily:consequent

a.consequencen.Words&Phrasespiercev.

makeaholeinsomethingbypushingasharpobjectintoit（在身體某部位）扎眼，穿孔（以佩戴珠寶）e.g.Ihadmyearspiercedyearsago.多年前我在耳朵上穿了洞眼。TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:1.Thesoftdropsofrainpiercethehardmarble.水滴石穿。2.Awordisnoarrow,butitcanpiercetheheart.言語雖非箭，卻能刺人心。Words&PhrasesChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.Hishandshookalittleashe______thekeyinthelock.(CET4-2005-06-64)A)squeezedB)insertedC)stuffedD)pierced

Words&PhrasesBearloben.

[C]

thesoftpartatthebottomofyourear耳垂e.g.1.

ItisbelievedIfyouhaveabigthickearlobe,thatmeansyouhavealotofluck.人家通常相信如果你的耳垂又大又厚，那就代表你很有福份。2.Jewelrytoornamenttheearisusuallyclippedtotheearlobeorfastenedthroughaholeinthelobe.裝飾耳朵的珠寶通常是夾到耳垂上或是固定在耳洞上。Words&Phrasesmysteriously

ad.inamysteriousmanner難以解釋地；不可思議地；神秘地；保密地；（尤指）故弄玄虛地Wordfamily:mysterious

a.1)notexplainedorunderstood神秘的；難以解釋的2)keepingthingssecret,especiallyinawaythatmakesotherpeoplewanttodiscoverwhattheyare詭秘的，故弄玄虛的

Words&Phrasese.g.1.Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemysteriousdeathsofchildrenatthehospital.

警察正在調查醫院里兒童神秘死亡的原因。2.

Thesenseofhumourismysteriouslyboundupwithnationalcharacteristics.