Unit2Unit2IconicAttractionsReviewusefulstructureslearntheuseofpastparticipleinthepassage;analyzetherelationshipbetweenthelogicsubjectandthepastparticipleverb;findoutmistakesofverbformsinapassagebywhatyoulearnaboutpastparticipleandcorrectthem;usethepastparticipletoexpressideas.1Workingroupsandreadthetextagaintofindasmanyexamplesofpastparticiplesaspossible.Thendiscusswhethereachpastparticiplefunctionsasanattribute,adverbial,predicative,orobjectcomplement.Located

tothesouthoftheequator,belowmanyothercountriesontheglobe,itisofteninformallyreferredtoas“downunder”.(located/adverbial)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Mostoftheirmusicalinstrumentsarereallyjuststicksfoundontheground,amongwhichthereisanamazinginstrumentcalledthedidgeridoo.Askilledplayercanplayforalongtimewithoutstoppingtobreathe.Itriedtolearnhowtoplayit,butaftertryingforhours,IwasconvincedthatIcouldnevermakeamusicalsoundwiththisinstrument!作定語(yǔ)修飾stick作定語(yǔ)修飾instrument作定語(yǔ)修飾player作表語(yǔ)Afterbeinghereforawhile,mybiggestimpressionisthecomplicatedmixofpeoplesandculturesthatmakeupthenation.Althoughthemainculturalinfluencesince1788hasbeenWesternculture,minoritycultureshavealsoplayedapartinshapingtheuniqueAustralianculture,withmanyofthenewcultureinfluencescontributedbyimmigrants.ItissaidthatnownearlyhalfofallAustraliancitizenwereeitherbornoverseasorhaveparentswhowerebornoverseas.作定語(yǔ)修飾mix作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，influences與contribute之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系作定語(yǔ)修飾overseas過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式：“動(dòng)詞原形+ed”部分過(guò)去分詞有特殊形式變化。過(guò)去分詞不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，但可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)(have/had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)中構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(或稱非限定動(dòng)詞)的一種。過(guò)去分詞保留著動(dòng)詞的部分特性，有完成或被動(dòng)含義，可帶狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。在句法功能上，過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))與形容詞或副詞作用類似，在句子中可充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。過(guò)去分詞形式作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且多表示已完成的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞一般位于所修飾的名詞之前。過(guò)分分詞短語(yǔ)通常位于所修飾的名詞之后。egTheinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.

Whenthedelayedflighttakesoffdependsmainlyontheweather.

Canyoutellthedifferencesbetweenspokenlanguageandwrittenlanguage?

Theplayersselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonourinthissummer’sgames.過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞修飾謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式等。分詞作狀語(yǔ)，用于句首比在其他位置更常見。egUnitedwestand,dividedwefall.

Seen

fromthetopoftheTigerHill,thecityofSuzhouwasverybeautiful.

Encouraged

byherEnglishteacher,Lisasooncaughtupwithherclassmates.過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句egPraisedbytheteacher,Judywentredintheface.

→WhenJudywaspraisedbytheteacher,shewentredintheface.

Frightened

bythestory,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.

→Asthegirlwasfrightenedbythestory,shedidn’tdaretosleepalone.Grown

inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.

→Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil,theycangrowfast.Defeated

forasecondtime,theplayerdidn’tgivein.→Althoughtheplayerwasdefeatedforasecondtime,hedidn’tgivein.過(guò)去分詞形式作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞常用于使役動(dòng)詞have,get,make,keep和感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,hear等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面，表達(dá)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)的變化，或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性狀。egWhenspeakingorwritingtosomeone,doyourbesttomakeyourselfunderstood.Owengothisnosehurtwhenheplayedfootballwithhisteammates.Iheardthedoorpulledopen.過(guò)去分詞形式作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞在be,become,get,feel,look,seem等系動(dòng)詞之后，表示主語(yǔ)的特征或性狀。egSheismarried.

Theotherchildrenlookedneglected.

Thequarrelthenightbeforeseemedforgotten.2Fillintheblankswiththehelpofthebeginningletters.Thenrewritethesentenceswithoutusingpastparticiplesandrecognisethedifference.TipsReadthesentencesanddecidethewordtofillinaccordingtothemeaningofthesentences;Thinkoftherelationshipbetweentheverbsandlogicsubject;Decidethestructureofthenewsentences.1D______into32counties,Irelandbringsinhundredsofthousandsofvisitorseachyearduetoitsgolftourism.2CubaisjustsouthofAmerica,s_________fromitonlybytheStraitsofFlorida.Itisacountryk_______foritsexcitingmusicanddancing.ividedeparatednownSinceitisdividedinto32counties,Irelandbringsinhundredsofthousandsofvisitorseachyearduetoitsgolftourism.CubaisjustsouthofAmericaandisseparatedfromitonlybytheStraitsofFlorida.Itisacountryfamousforitsexcitingmusicanddancing.作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)3Withmanypartsoftheworldnotm______yet,researchershavebegunaprojectthatinvolvestravellingaroundtheworldandtakingsamplephotographs.4I__________bythefirstEuropeansettlerstoAustralia,theSundayroastisnowconsideredtypicalAustralianfood.arked作賓補(bǔ)Becausemanypartsoftheworldhavenotmarked,researchershavebegunaprojectthatinvolvestravellingaroundtheworldandtakingsamplephotographs.ThoughitwasintroducedbythefirstEuropeansettlerstoAustralia,theSundayroastisnowconsideredtypicalAustralianfood.作狀語(yǔ)ntroduced5E________tothefreezingweather,manybravetouristsandscientistsstillchoosetovisitAntarctica.6I_________byChineseculture,manycapitalcitiesnowhaveChinatownwhichareinthemselvespopulartouristattractions.xposedThoughtheywillbeexposedtothefreezingweather,manybravetouristsandscientistsstillchoosetovisitAntarctica.BecausetheyareinfluencedbyChineseculture,manycapitalcitiesnowhaveChinatownwhichareinthemselvespopulartouristattractions.nfluenced作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)3BelowisapassageaboutthehistoryoftheEiffelTowerbeforeitwasconsideredaniconicattraction.Thetextcontainsquiteafewverbformmistakes.Correctthemistakesonyourown.Thencompareyourcorrectionswithapartner.TheEiffelToweristhemostfamouslandmarkinFrance,andoneofthemostvisitingmonumentsintheworld.Butitwasn'talwayssopopular.Infact,in1886,justafteritsconstructionwasfirstpropose,manywerestronglyagainstit.Atthattime,itwouldhavebeenthetallestbuildingintheworld,andmanyclaimitwoulddestroytheskylineofParis,orperhapsevendestroysomehistoriclandmarks.被動(dòng)關(guān)系proposed時(shí)態(tài)問題claimedThechiefengineer,GustaveEiffel,repliedsaythatsuchalargemonumentwasnecessarytosymbolisethegreateffortsoftheFrenchpeopleaswellasthegreatadvancementsinmodernengineering,industry,andscience.Thenextyear,Eiffelgainsapprovalandthetowerwasbuiltintimetocelebratethe1889WorldFairinParis.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞saying時(shí)態(tài)問題gainedIfyoulookcarefullyatthetower,youcanstillseethenamesofthe72scientists,engineers,andmathematicianswhohelpinitsconstruction.Originally,thetowerwasplannedtobetakendownafter20years,butitprovedtobetoousefulasacommunicationstower,nottomentionagiantadvertisementboard,beforefinallybecomestheiconicattractionthatweallknowtoday.時(shí)態(tài)問題helped用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.______________________(tell)manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.2.The________(reduce)priceofeggscansaveyouonedollarforeachdozen.3.Herearesomenewcomputerprograms_________(design)forlanguagelearning.4.______________________(leave)aloneinthedarkroom,thelittleboywassofrightenedthathecried.Havingbeentold/Told

reduced

designed

Havingbeenleft/Left5.Myfathermusthavebeenveryangry,forweheardtheglass________(break)onthefloor.6.Myteacherseemedquite________(satisfy)withmyworkandpraisedmeinherclass.7.Theforeignertriedhisbest,buthestillcouldn’tmakehispoint______________(understand).8.Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.brokensatisfied

understood

taken用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。I’mthinkingofawell-knowncityinEurope.TheRhineRiver1.________(run)throughthecenterofthecityisanimportantcommercial(商業(yè)的)waterway.ItflowsnorththroughthecitytotheEnglishChannelwhichisanarmofthe