名校版高考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練含答案Thelifestoryofthehumanspeciesgoesbackamillionyears,andthereisnodoubtthatmancameonlyrecentlytothewesternhemisphere.Noneofthethousandsofsitesofaboriginal（土著的）habitationuncoveredinNorthandSouthAmericahasantiquitycomparabletothatofoldWorldsites.Man'soccupationoftheNewWorldmaydateseveraltensofthousandsofyears,butnoonerationallyarguesthathehasbeenhereeven100,000years.SpeculationastohowmanfoundhiswaytoAmericawaslivelyattheoutset,andtheproposedroutesboxedthecompass.Withoneortwonotableexceptions,however,studentsofAmericananthropologysoonsettledfortheplausibleideathatthefirstimmigrantscamebwayofalandbridgethathadconnectedthenortheastcomerofAsiatothenorthwestcornerofNorthAmericaacrosstheBeringStraitMarinerswereabletosupplythereassuringinformationthatthestraitisnotonlynarrow-itis56mileswide-butalsoshallow,aloweringofthesealevelthereby100feetorsowouldtransformthestrait優(yōu)良療法來治療100多種醫(yī)學(xué)疾病。人們對(duì)針灸安全性的懷疑逐漸減少,而對(duì)它的興趣不斷增加。intoanisthmus（地峽）.WithlittleeelsinthewayofevidencetosustaintheBeringStraitlandbridge,anthropologists（人類學(xué)家）embracedtheideathatmanwalkeddryshod（不濕鞋的）fromAsiatoAmerica.Towardtheendofthelastcentury,however,itbecameapparentthattheWesternHemispherewastheNewWorldnotonlyformanbutalsoforahostofanimalsandplants.ZoologistsandbotanistsshowedthatnumeroussubjectsoftheirrespectivekingdomsmusthaveoriginatedinAsiaandspreadtoAmerica.Thesefindingswereneitherastonishingnorwhollyunexpected.Suchspreadofpopulationsisnottobeenvisionedasanexodusormassmigration,eveninthecaseofanimals.Itis,rather,aspillingintonewterritorythataccompaniesincreaseinnumbers,withmovementinthedirectionofleastpopulationpressureandmostfavorableecologicalconditions.ButtheimmensetrafficinplantandanimaTsformsplacedaheavyburdenontheBeringStraitlandbridgeastheanthropologistsaheadenvisionedit.Whereaspurposefulmencouldmaketheirwayacrossanarrowbridge,theslowdiffusionofplantandanimalswouldrequireanavenueasacontinentandavailableforagesatastretch.l.ThemovementofplantsandanimalsformAsiatoAmericaindicates.A.thattheycouldnothavetraveledacrosstheBeringStraitB.thatAsiaandtheWesternhemispherewereconnectedbyalargelandmassC.thattheBeringSeawasanisthmusatonetimeD.thatmigrationwasintheonedirectiononly2.Theauthorisrefutingthenotionthat.A.lifearoseinAmericaindependentlyoflifeinEuropeB.thefirstsettlersinAmericacameduringthesixteenthcenturyC.alargecontinentonceexistedwhichhasdisappearedD.manwasahosttoanimalsandplants3.Byusingthewords"boxedthecompassz/(inLine7)theauthorimpliesthat.A.themigrationofmankindwasfromWesttoEastB.themigrationofmankindwasfromEasttoWestC.mankindtraveledinalldirections0.mankindwalkedfromAsiatoAmerica4.0nereasonforthemigrationnotmentionedbytheauthoris.A.overcrowdingB.favorableenvironmentalconditionsC.famineD.theexistenceofalandbridge5.Wemayassumethatintheparagraphthatfollowsthispassagetheauthorarguesabout.A.thecontributionsofanthropologistB.thecontributionsofzoologistsandbotanistsC.thecontributionsmadebytheAmericanIndiansD.theexistenceofalargelandmassbetweenAsiaandNorthAmericaBCCCDAcupuncture:magicneedles針灸：神針OneofthemostfamousChinesemedicaltreatmentsistheartof“magicneedles”,orChineseacupuncture.Itwasdevelopedlongago,perhapsasearlyas2000BCE.ThereisevidencethatacupuncturedatesbacktotheStoneAge,whenstonetoolscalledbianwereusedtopressareasofthebody."神針"，或稱中國針灸，是最著名的中醫(yī)療法之一。它源于很久以前，也許早至公元前2000年。有證據(jù)表明針灸始于石器時(shí)代，當(dāng)時(shí)人們用一種叫作"硬"的石器來接壓身體部位。Asacupuncturedeveloped,thesimplebianstoneswerereplacedbystoneneedles.Eventually,metalneedlesbegantoappearandtooktheplaceofstoneneedles.Thesesolidneedlesaremadeofdifferentmetals,suchasgoldandsilver.Someacupuncturiststodaystillusegoldandsilverneedles,butthemajorityhavenowswitchedtostainlesssteelones.Inadditiontothechangesinmaterial,theshapesoftheneedleshavealsochangedovertime.Originally,therewereninedifferentkindsofneedles,withvariationsinshape.Nowadays,thefinesharpneedlesthatmeasureusuallybetween15and75millimetresinlengtharestillused,whilemostoftheothershavebeenreplacedbymorecomplexmedicalinstruments.隨著針灸的發(fā)展，簡單的硬石被石針?biāo)〈Ｗ罱K，金屬開始出現(xiàn)并取代了石針。這些實(shí)心針是由金和銀等不同的金屬制成的。一些針灸師如今仍在使用金針和銀針，但大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)改用不銹鋼了。除了材料的變化，針的形狀和使用方法也隨著時(shí)問的推移而發(fā)生了改變。最初，有九種不同的針，其形狀和用途各不相同。如今，用于針負(fù)的針又細(xì)又尖，長度通常在15到75米之間，而其他大多數(shù)都已被更復(fù)雜的醫(yī)療器械所取代。Sowhathappensduringavisittotheacupunctureclinic?First,theacupuncturistexaminesthepatient,lookingatthepatient1fsskinandtongue,listeningtothesoundofhisorhervoiceandbreathing,andsmellinghisorherbreath.Thentheacupuncturistaskssomequestionsaboutthepatient1sconditionandfeelshisorherpulse.Thisisaparticularlyimportantstepaccordingtotheenergytheorybehindacupuncture.Theacupuncturistcancheckthepulseinthreepositionsoneachwrist,andeveryoneofthemisconnectedwithamajorbodyorgan.Bycheckingallthepositions,theacupuncturistcanfindoutwhichenergychanneldoesnothaveenoughenergy.那么去針灸診所治療的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢？首先，針灸師會(huì)檢查病人，看病人的皮膚和舌象，聽他/地的聲音和氣息，還要聞他/她呼吸的味道。然后針灸師會(huì)問一些關(guān)于病情的問題，并為病人把脈。根據(jù)背后的能量理論，這是一個(gè)特別重要的步驟。針灸師可以在每個(gè)手腕的三個(gè)位置上進(jìn)行把脈，每個(gè)位置都與身體的一個(gè)主要器官相連。通過檢查所有的位置，針負(fù)師可以發(fā)現(xiàn)哪個(gè)能量通道沒有足夠的能量。Accordingtotheresultsofthecheck-up,theacupuncturistthenselectscertainpointsonthebodycalledacupuncturepoints.Needlesarepushedintotheskinatthesepointssothatahealthproblemcanbetreated.Uptonow,morethan360acupuncturepointshavebeenidentified,eachlinkedtoadifferentpartofthebody.Sometimestheneedlesarepushedintopointsnearthebodypartaffectedbyadisease,andsometimesintopointsthatarenotsoclosetoit.接下來，針師根據(jù)把脈結(jié)果，會(huì)在身體上選擇一些被稱作穴位的點(diǎn)。在這些穴位上扎針可以治療健康問題。到目前為止，已有360多個(gè)針刺穴位被確認(rèn)，每一個(gè)穴位都與身體的不同部位相連。有時(shí)針扎的穴位靠近受疾病影響的身體部位，有時(shí)則不然。Overtheyears,acupuncturehasbeenusedtotreatawidevarietyofhealthproblems,includingseverepains,bloodpressureissues,stomachdiscomfort,sportsinjuriesandweightproblems.Andithasbeenusedtotreatmorethanjustphysicalproblems-acupuncturistshavediscoveredthatthetreatmenthelpswithmentalproblemslikedepressionandanxietytoo.Acupuncturehasalsobeenappliedtotreatpeoplewhoabusealcohol,tobaccoordrugs.多年來，針灸被用于治療各種各樣的健康問題，包括嚴(yán)重的疼痛、血壓問題、胃部不適、運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷和肥胖問題。針灸不僅可以用于治療生理疾病，針灸師還發(fā)現(xiàn)針灸對(duì)抑癥和焦慮癥等心理疾病的治療也有幫助。針負(fù)也被用于治療酒、嗜毒、嗜煙的人群。Howacupunctureactuallyworksisnotclearlyunderstood.Forexample,therearedifferenttheoriestryingtoexplainhowiteasespain,butnoagreementhasbeenreached.Onetheoryexplainingthisphenomenonsuggeststhatacupunctureblockspainsignalsfromreachingthebrain.Anothertheoryrelatesacupuncturetotheproductionofasubstanceinthebodywhichcanreducepain.針灸的實(shí)際工作原理尚不清楚。有不同的理論試圖解釋針灸如何減輕痛苦，但眾說紛紜。一種解釋這一現(xiàn)的理論認(rèn)為，針灸阻止了疼痛信號(hào)到達(dá)大腦。另種理論認(rèn)為，針灸讓人體產(chǎn)生了一種能減輕疼痛的物質(zhì)。Despitetheuncertaintyaboutitsmedicalbasis