書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)重慶南方翻譯學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

（

）scientistshaveobservedincreasedpollutioninthewatersupply.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Late

B.Later

C.Latter

D.Lately

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)late“晚的”；B選項(xiàng)later“后來(lái)的，以后，其后”；C選項(xiàng)latter“（剛提及的兩者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D選項(xiàng)lately“最近，近來(lái)”。根據(jù)haveobserved可知句子為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此選D。句意：最近，科學(xué)家們觀察到供水中的污染增加了。

2.單選題

ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830'sthroughtheearly1890's.Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepackinghouses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious.Becausethehistorymaintainsthatconditionswereabovestandardfortheera,thefrequencyoflabordisputes,especiallyinthemid-1880's,isnotaccountedfor.Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880'swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepackinghouseworkers'effectswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.

Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepackinghousesweredangerousplacestowork.ThegovernmentinvestigationcommissionedbyPresidentTheodoreRooseveltwhicheventuallyledtotheadoptionofthe1906MeatInspectionActfoundthepackinghousesunsanitary,whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked.

Thehistorymaybetoooptimisticbecausemostofitsdatadatefromthe1880'satthelatest,andtheinformationprovidedfromthatdecadeisinsufficientlyanalyzed.Conditionsactuallydeclinedinthe1880's,andcontinuedtodeclineafterthe1880's,duetoareorganizationofthepackingprocessandamassiveinfluxofunskilledworkers.Thedeteriorationinworkerstatus,partlyaresultofthenewavailabilityofunskilledandhencecheaplabor,isnotdiscussed.Thoughadetailedaccountofworkinthepacking-housesisattempted,theauthorfailstodistinguishbetweenthewagesandconditionsforskilledworkersandforthoseunskilledlaborerswhocomprisedthemajorityoftheindustry’sworkersfromthe1880'son.Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.

Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory'sfaultygeneralizations.Theprideandcontentmenttheauthorremarksuponwere,arguably,fesstheproductsoftheindustrialworldofthepackers-thegiantyardsandtheintricateplantsthanoftheunityandvibrancyoftheethnicculturesthatformedaviablecommunit3ronChicago’sSouthSide.Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing（

）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdescribingnegativeconditionsinthemeat-packingindustryEXCEPT（

）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthe"socialmovement"(underlined,generatedbyChicago'sSouthSidecommunityprimarilyinorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingconditionsofskilledworkersinthemeat-packingindustryduringthe1880'swereinfluencedby（

）.

5.Theauthorofthepassageusesthesecondparagraphto（

）

6.Thetoneoftheauthorofthepassageindiscussingthemeat-packercommunityonChicago'sSouthSidecanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）.

7.Theinformationinthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorofthehistorydiscussedinthepassagemadewhichofthefollowingerrors?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.howhistoriansoughttoexplaintheoriginsoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

B.whyitisdifficulttodeterminetheactualnatureoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

C.whyaparticularaccountoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustryisinaccurate

D.whatoughttobeincludedinanyaccountoftheChicagomeat-packers'roleinthenationallabormovement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.datafromtheUniversityofChicago

B.arecenthistoryofthemeat-packingindustry

C.socialworkers

D.historicalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcentury

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.informthereaderofeventsthatoccurredinthemeat-packingindustryaftertheperiodoftimecoveredbythehistory

B.suggestthehistory'slimitationsbypointingoutasituationthatthehistoryfailedtoexplainadequately

C.salvagethehistory’spointofviewbysuggestingthattherewerepositivedevelopmentsinthemeat-packingindustryduetoworkerunity

D.introduceanewissuedesignedtoelaborateonthegoodrelationshipbetweenthemeat-packersandChicago’sethniccommunities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theworkers'determinedcomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsoftheirwork

B.theeffortsofsocialworkerstoimprovesanitationinthepackinghouses

C.theworkers’sabilitytoperformtheindustry'scomplextasks

D.improvementsintheindustry’spackingprocessthatoccurredinthe1880’s

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.summarizethemainpointofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

B.explainwhythehistor3tdiscussedinthepassagehasbeendisparagedbycritics

C.evaluatethefindingsofrecentstudiesthatunderlinethepremisesofthehistorydiscussioninthepassage

D.presentevidencethatisintendedtorefutetheargumentofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.appreciationofthecommunity'sabilitytocopewithdifficultconditions

B.admirationforthecommunity'srefusaltocooperatewithlaboragitators

C.indignationatthekindsofsocialconditionsthecommunityfaced

D.annoyanceatthecommunity’sinabilitytoabolishdiscriminationinthemeat-packingindustry

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.FailingtorecognizetheeffectofthediversityoftheSouthSidecommunityonthemeat-packers'effortstoreformtheindustry

B.Attributinggoodworkingconditionsinthemeat-packingindustrytotheeffortsoflaboragitators

C.Overemphasizingtheimportanceoftheavailabilityofunskilledlaborasaninfluenceonconditionsinthemeatpackingindustry

D.Interpretingthemeat-packers*feelingsfortheircommunityasappreciationoftheirindustry

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830’sthroughtheearly189O’s...Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880’swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepackinghouseworkers’effectswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.芝加哥肉類(lèi)加工業(yè)近代史》考察了該工業(yè)從1830年出現(xiàn)到19世紀(jì)90年代初的發(fā)展過(guò)程。這項(xiàng)研究忽略了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí):19世紀(jì)80年代是美國(guó)勞工歷史上的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，而包裝工人的影響是美國(guó)勞工改革運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分。和文章最后一段Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations.作者對(duì)肉類(lèi)包裝工對(duì)他們的工業(yè)社區(qū)的感情的起源的誤解可能是歷史錯(cuò)誤概括的原因。確定A選項(xiàng)‘歷史學(xué)家應(yīng)該如何解釋芝加哥肉類(lèi)加工業(yè)的起源‘正確。

2.文章第二段，提到了芝加哥大學(xué)、社會(huì)工作者以及19世紀(jì)后期的歷史資料。并沒(méi)有將‘包裝業(yè)的歷史‘作為消極條件提起。所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章最后一段，Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations…Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.作者對(duì)肉類(lèi)包裝工對(duì)他們的工業(yè)社區(qū)的感情的起源的誤讀可能解釋了歷史上錯(cuò)誤的概括……事實(shí)上，這個(gè)社區(qū)的力量成功地發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，有效地解決了這個(gè)賴(lài)以為生的工業(yè)的問(wèn)題。由此推斷作者提到socialmovement是為了說(shuō)明肉類(lèi)加工業(yè)的積極因素，C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句：Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.由于熟練工人在復(fù)雜的屠宰、切割和包裝過(guò)程中的戰(zhàn)略重要性，前者的條件可以說(shuō)是可以忍受的(盡管工人經(jīng)常抱怨工作的速度和條件)，而后者的工資和條件卻很糟糕。確定C選項(xiàng)‘工人完成行業(yè)復(fù)雜任務(wù)的能力‘符合題意。

5.文章第一段作者對(duì)包裝工人的工作條件感到滿(mǎn)意，但實(shí)際情況是否這樣。第二段給出了答案，提供了反駁的證據(jù)，所以D選項(xiàng)‘用來(lái)反駁文中所討論的歷史論點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)有證據(jù)‘符合題意。

6.根據(jù)文章最后一句Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.的確，這個(gè)社區(qū)的力量成功地發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，有效地解決了提供其生計(jì)的工業(yè)的問(wèn)題。確定A選項(xiàng)‘贊賞社區(qū)處理困難情況的能力’符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory'sfaultygeneralizations.對(duì)肉類(lèi)包裝工對(duì)他們的工業(yè)社區(qū)的感情起源的誤解可能是歷史錯(cuò)誤概括的原因，確定D選項(xiàng)‘將肉類(lèi)包裝工對(duì)社區(qū)的感受解讀為對(duì)行業(yè)的贊賞’符合題意。

3.單選題

PassageTwo

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.1996.

B.1997.

C.2011.

D.2014.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsbenefitstohealth.

B.Itsimproperuseinsoftdrinks.

C.Theamountofcaffeine.

D.Theconsumptionofenergydrinks.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine.

B.Otheringredientsalsomakeenergydrinksunsafe.

C.Caffeineinbeveragesgreatlyimprovesperformance.

D.Energydrinksareriskyforpeoplewithheartproblems.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheyareinsufficientlyinvestigated.

B.Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.

C.Becausetheyaremorebeneficialthanharmfultokids.

D.Becausetheyarenottheprimarycaffeinesourcesforkids.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Strict.

B.Official.

C.Voluntary.

D.Compulsory.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】Energydrinks—wehearallthetimethatthey’rereallybadforus,especiallyforteens.Wealldrinkthemanyway.Soenergydrinksreallythatbad.First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.Sincethen,energydrinkslikeRedBullhavesky-rocketedinpopularity.Butthingsstartedgettingintensein2011.WhentheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendedthatchildrenshouldneverdrinkenergydrinks.Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.Andthedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.Acupofcoffeeusuallyhasbetween90fiveto,200milligramsofcaffeine.So,foradults,theexpertsrecommendnomorethan400milligramsaday,andforkids,nomorethan100milligrams.Soalittlebitofcaffeine,probablynotthatbad,buthighdosescanbelethal.In2011,apaperpublishedinthejournalpediatricsreviewedtheeffectsofenergydrinksonchildren,adolescence,andyoungadults.Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.Giventheseconcerns,itmaycomeasnosurprisethatsomeplaceshavepushedforcompletelybanningthesalesofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.Asfaraswecantell,thathasn’tpassedlocallyhereintheusbutin2014,Lithuaniabecamethefirstcountrytoactuallybanthesaleofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.

Butnoteveryoneisafanoftheseideas.Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.

26.WhendidenergydrinkfirstappearintheAmericanmarket?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：功能飲料第一次出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)市場(chǎng)是什么時(shí)候？由文中“First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.（首先讓我們回到1997年。當(dāng)‘紅牛’成為第一款功能飲料投入美國(guó)市場(chǎng)）”，可知B選項(xiàng)“1997”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“1996”；C選項(xiàng)“2011”；D選項(xiàng)“2014”不符合原文。

27.Whenitcomestocaffeine,whatseemstobetheissue?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：說(shuō)到咖啡因，問(wèn)題出在哪里？由文中“Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.（他們?nèi)绱藫?dān)心的原因是咖啡因。咖啡因出現(xiàn)在很多東西，比如咖啡、茶、蘇打甚至是巧克力里面）”以及“thedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.（咖啡因的危險(xiǎn)其實(shí)在于我們攝入多少）”，可知C選項(xiàng)“Theamountofcaffeine.（咖啡因的量）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)健康有好處”；B選項(xiàng)“在軟飲料中使用不當(dāng)”；D選項(xiàng)“能量飲料的消耗”不符合原文。

28.Whichofthefollowingfindingsisreportedinthejournalpediatrics?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：以下哪項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)被刊登在《兒科學(xué)》雜志上？由文中“Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，年齡影響身體對(duì)于咖啡因的反應(yīng)，功能飲料對(duì)于孩子特別危險(xiǎn)，可能導(dǎo)致心臟病，ADHB和糖尿病）”，可知A選項(xiàng)“Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine（年齡影響身體對(duì)于咖啡因的反應(yīng)）”符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“其他成分也使能量飲料不安全”；C選項(xiàng)“飲料中的咖啡因大大提高了表現(xiàn)”D選項(xiàng)“能量飲料對(duì)有心臟問(wèn)題的人有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”不符合原文。

29.Whydosomedisagreewiththerestrictionsontheenergydrinkstokids?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：為什么有些人不同意對(duì)兒童能量飲料進(jìn)行限制？由文中“Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?（一些人認(rèn)為這些限制是不合理的。如果你不擔(dān)心向兒童出售咖啡和茶飲料，為什么獨(dú)獨(dú)對(duì)功能飲料不排斥呢？）”，可知B選項(xiàng)“Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.（因?yàn)樗麄儾荒軐⒐δ茱嬃吓c茶和咖啡相提并論）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈儧](méi)有得到充分的調(diào)查”；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈儗?duì)孩子是有益的而不是有害的”；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈儾皇呛⒆拥闹饕Х纫騺?lái)源”不符合原文。

30.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethelabelingguidelinesfromtheAmericanbeverageassociation?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：以下哪一項(xiàng)能最好地描述美國(guó)飲料協(xié)會(huì)的標(biāo)簽指南？由文中“SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.（因此，美國(guó)飲料協(xié)會(huì)—代表功能飲料大多數(shù)企業(yè)的貿(mào)易組織產(chǎn)生了另一個(gè)想法—對(duì)于功能飲料標(biāo)簽自發(fā)制定指導(dǎo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）”，可知美國(guó)飲料協(xié)會(huì)制定的標(biāo)簽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是C選項(xiàng)“voluntary（自發(fā)的）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)格的”；B選項(xiàng)“正式的”；D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)迫的”不符合原文。

4.單選題

His（）brainhasworkedawayontheideaofauniversalcure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rich

B.quick

C.productive

D.fertile

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他腦子很靈,己經(jīng)想出了一個(gè)靠譜的治療方法。

考查形容詞辨析。rich富有的,肥沃的,昂貴的;quick快的,迅速的;productive生產(chǎn)的,多產(chǎn)的,富有成效的；fertile（土地）富饒的，肥沃的；（人的頭腦）主意多，有創(chuàng)造力的；能生育的。

5.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally（）oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】句意:許多旨在反映社會(huì)生活的小說(shuō)本身就是所描述現(xiàn)實(shí)的寫(xiě)照。

考查名詞辨析。reflection反映，表現(xiàn)；demonstration表明，證明；illumination照明，啟發(fā)，闡明;reproduction意為再現(xiàn),復(fù)制。因此A符合句意。

6.單選題

Nowthatspringishere,youcan（

）thesefurcoatstillyouneedthemagainnextwinter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putover

B.putaway

C.putoff

D.putdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。putover“推遲，駛過(guò)”；putaway“放好，把……收好”；putoff“推遲，拖延”；putdown“放下，記下”。句意：春天來(lái)了，你可以把這些皮外套給收起來(lái)，直到來(lái)年冬天再拿出來(lái)。B項(xiàng)符合句意。答案B

7.填空題

After（1）aboutitforseveralweeks,wedecidedtodoourfieldworkinanareaofsoutheasternYunnan（2）alongtheborderwithVietnam.The（3）withourchoicewasthattheareawasclosed,sowehadtoaskforofficial（4）toworkatthesitewehadinmind.（5），theofficialswespokewithwereveryopentoourarguments,afterwe（6）ourreasonsforwantingtodofieldworkneartheborder,theyquicklyapprovedourrequest.Wefinishedourfieldworkin2005.LastmonthIwent（7）totheareaforthefirsttimeanddiscoveredthatthingshavechangedgreatly（8）then.Theareaisnowcompletelyopenandthereisabrisktradeinmanufacturedgoodsinthetownsonsidesoftheborder.

句意:

在開(kāi)始工作幾個(gè)星期后，我們決定去云南東南部一個(gè)沿途與越南接壤的地方進(jìn)行我們的野外作業(yè)。我們選擇存在的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是這個(gè)地方是關(guān)閉的，所以為了去在我們所想的地方作業(yè)，我們不得不去尋求官方的許可。幸運(yùn)的是，與我們談話(huà)的官員們非常樂(lè)意接受我們的推理。在我們解釋完我們選擇在臨近邊境地方做野外工作的原因后，他們很快就同意了我們的請(qǐng)求。

我們?cè)?005年完成了我們的野外工作。上個(gè)月我獨(dú)自第一次去了那個(gè)地方，發(fā)現(xiàn)情況從那時(shí)起己發(fā)生很大變化。這個(gè)區(qū)域現(xiàn)在是完全開(kāi)發(fā)的，邊境兩邊城鎮(zhèn)里的制成品生意很興隆。

【答案】1.setting

2.all

3.problem

4.approval

5.Fortunately

6.explained

7.alone

8.from

【解析】1.固定搭配。Setaboutdoingsth.開(kāi)始著手做某事。

2.固定搭配。Allalong沿途,一路。

3.由后面的theareawasclosed“這個(gè)地方被關(guān)閉了”可推知“我的選擇有問(wèn)題”,根據(jù)“was”推測(cè)此處應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式problem。

4.語(yǔ)義題。句意:在這個(gè)地方工作需要尋求官方的許可。

5.邏輯銜接。本來(lái)以為官方人員不好打交道，幸運(yùn)的是他們比較開(kāi)明。

6.邏輯銜接。說(shuō)明施工原因。

7.邏輯關(guān)系。由關(guān)鍵詞“I我”知這里可用副詞alone獨(dú)自”來(lái)修飾went（動(dòng)詞go“去”的過(guò)去式）。

8.由空格前的“havechanged己發(fā)生變化”為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)及“then那時(shí)”知可填一個(gè)表示“從……起”的介詞，故可填from來(lái)構(gòu)成from…then從那時(shí)起”。

both空格后面為復(fù)數(shù)形式sides,這里填入both表示邊境的兩邊。

8.單選題

NowinBritain,winestakeupfourtimesasmuch（）inthestorehouseasbothbeerandspirits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.block

B.land

C.patch

D.space

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。block“塊，街區(qū)”；land“陸地”；patch“斑點(diǎn)，小塊土地”；space“空間”。句意：如今在英國(guó)，倉(cāng)庫(kù)中的葡萄酒所占的空間比啤酒和烈性酒所占空間的總和還要多三倍。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould（）themostoftheopportunitiesathand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obtain

B.grasp

C.catch

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obtain“獲得；流行”；B選項(xiàng)grasp“抓牢，握緊；試圖抓住；理解，領(lǐng)悟；毫不猶豫地抓住（機(jī)會(huì)）”；C選項(xiàng)catch“趕上；抓住；感染；了解”；D選項(xiàng)make“使得；進(jìn)行；布置，準(zhǔn)備，整理；制造；認(rèn)為；獲得；形成；安排；引起”。seize/grasp/grab/taketheopportunity“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”，句中的themostof修飾theopportunities，可視為shouldgrasp(themostof)theopportunities。句意：為了項(xiàng)目的成功，公司應(yīng)該抓住大部分到手的機(jī)會(huì)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Becausethereisevidenceofseverelyharmfuleffectsfromchemicaldumps,thegovernmenthas_____tougherclean-upmeasures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imposed

B.impulsed

C.implemented

D.incorporated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)imposedv.強(qiáng)加，征稅，以……欺騙；B選項(xiàng)impulsedv.推動(dòng)；C選項(xiàng)implementedv.實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；D選項(xiàng)incorporatedv.吸收，合并，包含。根據(jù)句意可知，有證據(jù)表明化學(xué)排污引起嚴(yán)重危害，因此，政府已經(jīng)實(shí)施了嚴(yán)厲的清理方案。因此，C項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexamplewereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworldmostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".

It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonal-health.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modemmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

1.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois（

）.

2.Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude“beingfat”inAmericansociety

（

）.

3.Thetopicoffatismanyothertaboosubjects

（

）.

4.IntheU.S.,thinis“in”fatis“out”，thismeans

（

）.

5.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise,themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thisis“inside”，fatis“outside”

B.thinis“diligent”，fatis“l(fā)azy”

C.thinis“youthfill”，fatis“spiritless”

D.thinis“fashionable”，fatis“unfashionable”

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theirchangedlife-style

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。關(guān)于taboo的解釋在第一段:Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior(你知道，這樣的行為從某種意義上說(shuō)是不對(duì)的，并且其他人不會(huì)接受)。故選C(社會(huì)認(rèn)為不可接受的行為)。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime。因此文章認(rèn)為一些過(guò)去不被人們認(rèn)同的現(xiàn)象以及一些禁忌，通常在經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間后會(huì)慢慢地被人們接受。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞manyothertaboosubjects定位至第三段:Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly(和其他的禁忌不同，肥胖的話(huà)題是美國(guó)人一直在討論著的)。故選B。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thinis“in”fatis“out”定位至第三段最后一句,這段表明了美國(guó)社會(huì)對(duì)瘦的追求,對(duì)肥胖的貶斥。由此推測(cè)答案選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段可知,美國(guó)人鍛煉身體一方面是為了保持苗條的身材和年輕的外形，另一方面還在于鍛煉身體和保持身體健康之間的關(guān)系。故選B.

12.單選題

Much______IlikedMary,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：我雖然很喜歡安東妮亞，但也很討厭有時(shí)她對(duì)我的傲慢態(tài)度。由此可知空格處應(yīng)填表讓步的詞，排除C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，while相當(dāng)于though／although，則該句語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為：WhileIlikeMaryverymuch...，不符合題意，故排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)的as相當(dāng)于though，但比though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)意更強(qiáng)烈，表現(xiàn)力更強(qiáng)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：副詞或動(dòng)詞原形＋as＋主語(yǔ)……，＋主句。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.填空題

Iwenttoseeamovielastnight.ThefilmwasaBritishcomedythathadbeen（1）tomebyanumberofmyfriends.Itturned（2）tobe

justasfunnyasthey’dsaiditwouldbe.I（3）sohardthattherewere

tearsinmyeyes,especiallyattheclimaxtowardtheend.Thefilmiswithout（4）thefunniestthatI’veeverseen.Whenyougeta（5）,you

shouldseeit（6）.

句意:

昨晚我去看了一部電影。這是一部英國(guó)喜劇電影，由很多我的朋友向我推薦。它證明是如他們所說(shuō)的那樣有趣。我笑得那么厲害，以致我的眼淚都出來(lái)了，尤其是在接近尾聲的高潮時(shí)。這部電影無(wú)疑是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最有趣的電影。如果你有機(jī)會(huì)的話(huà)，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)去看看。

【答案】1.recommended

2.out

3.laughed

4.doubt

5.chance

6.too

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。句意：由很多我的朋友推薦。

2.固定搭配。turnout證明是，原來(lái)是。

3.邏輯銜接。由后面的關(guān)鍵詞“thefunniestthatI’veeverseen是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最有趣的電影。”可推知這里指“笑得厲害到眼淚都出來(lái)了”。

4.固定搭配。withoutdoubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)。

5.邏輯銜接。句意為：若有機(jī)會(huì)，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)去看看。

6.語(yǔ)義題。句意:若有機(jī)會(huì)，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)去看看。

14.翻譯題

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theymaystarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'trememberwhereweputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrainfades,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments”.Whileseeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhaveadamagingimpactonourprofessional,socialandpersonallife.

Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.Itturnsoutthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmentalworkoutscansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitivefunctions.Thinkingisessentiallyaprocessofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Tosomeextent,ourabilitytoexcelinmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.

【答案】隨著許多人步入中年，他們可能會(huì)開(kāi)始注意到，他們的記憶力和思維清晰度已經(jīng)不如從前了。我們突然記不起剛才把鑰匙放在哪里了，或者記不起一個(gè)老相識(shí)的名字，或者記不起一個(gè)我們?cè)?jīng)喜歡過(guò)的老樂(lè)隊(duì)的名字。當(dāng)大腦衰退時(shí)，我們將這些現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為“老年時(shí)刻”，雖然看起來(lái)很無(wú)辜，但這種精神注意力的喪失可能會(huì)對(duì)我們的職業(yè)、社交和個(gè)人生活造成潛在的破壞性影響。

神經(jīng)科學(xué)家，研究神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的專(zhuān)家，越來(lái)越多地表明實(shí)際上有很多事情可以做。事實(shí)證明，大腦和我們的肌肉一樣需要鍛煉，正確的腦力鍛煉可以顯著提高我們的基本認(rèn)知功能。思考本質(zhì)上是在大腦中建立聯(lián)系的過(guò)程。在某種程度上，我們?cè)诮Ⅱ?qū)動(dòng)智力的聯(lián)系方面的卓越能力是遺傳的。

15.單選題

Agoodcitizenisexpectedto（）tothelawofhiscountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confront

B.comply

C.conform

D.confirm

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confront“面對(duì)，遭遇”；B選項(xiàng)comply“遵守，順從”，不及物動(dòng)詞，常和介詞with搭配。例句：Shemustbemadetocomplywiththerules.（必須讓她遵守規(guī)則。）；C選項(xiàng)conform“符合；遵照”，不及物動(dòng)詞，常和介詞to搭配。例句：Thelamphasbeendesignedtoconformtonewsafetystandards.（該燈設(shè)計(jì)得符合新的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）D選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)，確定”。句意：一個(gè)好公民應(yīng)該遵守國(guó)家的法律。由選項(xiàng)意思和介詞搭配可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Rushtooka(n)dogmaticapproachtomedicine,convincedthatalldiseaseshadessentiallythesamecause:fever.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definite

B.confident

C.explicit

D.arbitrary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。dogmatic表示“教條的，武斷的”；A項(xiàng)definite“一定的，確切的”，B項(xiàng)confident“自信的，確信的”，C項(xiàng)explicit“明確的，清楚的，直率的”，D項(xiàng)arbitrary“任意的，武斷的”。句意：拉什對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)采取獨(dú)斷專(zhuān)行的態(tài)度，相信所有的疾病本質(zhì)上都有相同的原因，那就是發(fā)燒。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Youmay（

）earlyasyouhavetocatchanearlytraintomorrow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.reverse

C.retreat

D.retire

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。remain意為“保留”；reverse意為“顛倒，翻轉(zhuǎn)”；retreat意為“撤退，離開(kāi)”；retire意為“退休”。

句意：你可能要早點(diǎn)離開(kāi)了，因?yàn)槟忝髟邕€要去趕火車(chē)。

18.單選題

Hecouldn'tlieconvincinglyenoughtotakeachild（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.down

C.in

D.up

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組搭配。takeaway帶走；takedown取下,記下；takein欺騙；takeup從事。句意:他說(shuō)的謊話(huà)不足以欺騙孩子（他騙不了一個(gè)孩子）。

19.單選題

1.Theprogrammeaimstomakethecountry（

）infoodandtocutenergyimports.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.self-confident

B.self-sufficient

C.self-satisfied

D.self-restrained

【答案】B

【解析】題干中cutenergyimports“減少能源進(jìn)口”可推斷出前文是在糧食上自給自足，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。self-sufficient“自給自足的”；self-confident“自信的”；self-satisfied“自滿(mǎn)的”；self-restrained“自我克制的”。

20.單選題

Activistparentssayschoolkidsaren't_______enoughtounderstandthatafruit-flavoredsoftdrinkdoesn'thavethenutritionalbenefitsofrealfruit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adulterated

B.mingled

C.sophisticated

D.refined

【答案】C

【解析】adulterated摻入次級(jí)品的;mingle（使）混合;sophisticated富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，老練的;refine精煉，改善。句意：一些激進(jìn)的父母說(shuō)，學(xué)校里的孩子還不夠成熟，不能理解水果味的軟飲料并不含有水果中所含的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

21.單選題

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。degrade“降級(jí)，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，喚起”；divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：很多游客都被這個(gè)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

22.單選題

Avirtualanchorite,he（

）tohisself-sufficiency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.confirms

C.conforms

D.admonishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。adhere“堅(jiān)持；依附”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，一般與to構(gòu)成adhereto“堅(jiān)持；粘附”；confirm“確認(rèn)；證實(shí)”，為及物動(dòng)詞；conform“使遵守；使一致”。句意：作為隱士的他堅(jiān)持自給自足。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

23.單選題

Notuntilthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies（）asaunifiedscience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didecologyemerge

B.whenecologyemerged

C.ecologyemerged

D.whendidecologyemerge

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)notuntil放句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意：直到19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初，生態(tài)學(xué)才作為統(tǒng)一的科學(xué)出現(xiàn)。

24.單選題

Allthatdaymyfatherwasin____ashehadlosthiswallet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.greatanxiety

B.ambition

C.illhumor

D.hospi