書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-北京信息職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Understandingisoneofthemostimportant（

）ofahappymarriage.

問題1選項

A.initiatives

B.ingredients

C.proverbs

D.possessions

【答案】B

【解析】initiative主動權,首創精神；ingredients要素,組成部分；proverb諺語,格言；possession擁有,財產。句意:理解是幸福婚姻最重要的因素之一。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Theyhurriedtothetheatre（）thattheplayhadalreadybegun.

問題1選項

A.finding

B.justintime

C.onlytofind

D.rightincase

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。主句使用的是一般過去式hurried，而后面的句子使用的是過去完成時hadbegun，兩者之間存在轉折。句意：他們匆忙趕到劇院，……戲已經開始了。onlytodosth表示“出乎意料的結果”，故選C。

3.單選題

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

問題1選項

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

問題2選項

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

問題3選項

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

問題4選項

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

問題5選項

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一段提到我第一次在倫敦旅行時還是個學生。那時候依依不舍地離開媽媽的懷抱，還提著一個裝滿家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段提到盡管是在戰后艱苦的日子，我們依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象當第一天到達倫敦寓所吃的食物的沮喪心情。所以選項A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位至第三段。作者認為旅店女老板的裝扮非常俗氣，而他的朋友亞瑟在那里待了三天后對倫敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都沒有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪華的接待區和破敗的休息室和餐廳以及閣樓水槽等，并說到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪華的外表下竟是破敗的內在。因此D項“虛有其表”正確。

第4題:作者和他的朋友的房間并不比頂樓大多少，四周是斑駁的墻壁。有一個褪了色的水池，水管整夜響不停，擺放的幾件家具還比不上英國監獄局的。所以選項A符合題意。

第5題:文章倒數第一段提到日常的隱私和平靜可以保護我們不會墮落成瘋狂的兇手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一個人需要休息的場所和喘息的時間。所以選項D符合題意。

4.問答題

DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablish

families.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomen

A

andbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundredyearsofsteady

B

C

decline,producingthe"babyboom."

D

【答案】試題答案：B;high

【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示他們把男女的婚齡降了下來，使出生率達到了20世紀的高峰。height是名詞，一般表示“高度”；high是形容詞，一般表示“很高的”，修飾名詞。

5.單選題

Electronictrash,knownase-waste,ispilingupfasterthaneverinAmericanhomesandbusinesses.Peopledonotknowwhattodowitholdtelevisionsorcomputerssotheythrowtheminthetrash.

NationalSolidWastesManagementAssociationstateprogramsdirectorChazMillersaysthelargeamountofelectronicwasteAmericansgenerateisnotunexpected.“Wehavesomanyelectronicproductsthat“weuse”,saidMiller.“Theyarebeingfarmorewidelydistributedthroughoutthepopulationofthecountryandtheytendtohaverelativelyshortlifespans.Cellphonesthatlasttwoorthreeyears,computersthatlastmaybetwoorthreeyearsbeforetheygetreplaced.”

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.

Forexample,asquicklyasoldelectronicsarriveatarecyclingfacilityinBaltimore,Maryland,theyaretornapartandsortedforusableparts.PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.“Therearealotofvaluablemetalsthatcanberecoveredandreusedasopposedtojustputtingtheminthegarbagedump,andincertaincomponentstherearesomematerialsthatshouldnotreallybedumpedinthegarbagedump,Fannonexplained.Nearly20percentofelectronicwasteisrecyclednationwide.Goingback1.3years,itwasonlyaboutsixpercent.Recyclingratescontinuetoriseasmorecommunitieshavebannedelectronicsfromgarbagedumpsinanefforttokeepe-wastetoxins(毒素，毒質)，likeleadandmercuryoutofgarbagedumps.Manyplaceshavesetupfreedrop-offsiteswherepeoplecanbringolditemsforrecycling.FannonsayssomeitemslikeoldelectroniccircuitboardswillgetshippedtoCanada,while,otherpartswillbeshippedtocountriesinAsia.“Thesewillgooffactuallytoacoppersmelterwhereworkerswillrecovercopperwithinthecircuitboardaswellaspreciousmetalsthatareontheboard’’,addedFannon.“Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’’

ThisyearseveralstateslikeVermontimposedabanonelectronicwasteingarbagedumps.Morecanbedonetoboostelectronicwasterecycling.

WastemanagementanalystssayU.S.facilitiescansafelyrecycleitems.Environmentalistsmaintaintheycanreducetheamountofelectronicwasteingarbagedumpsnowbyraisingconsumerawarenessaboutthebestwaystorecyclee-waste.

1.WhyistheresomuchelectronicwasteinAmerica?

2.AccordingtoEPA,whathelpstoreducethedumpede-waste?

3.WhatistherightwaytorecycletheoldelectronicsaccordingtoFannon?

4.AccordingtoFannon,whatpreciousmetalcanpeoplegetfromusedcircuitboard?

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.Becauseithasnovaluetoberecycled

B.BecauseAmericansdon'tknowhowtorecycleit.

C.BecauseAmericansloveelectronicitemsmorethanothersdo

D.Becauseelectronicitemsarewidelyusedandfallintodisuseeasily

問題2選項

A.Thebanofe-wastefromgarbagedumps

B.ArecyclingfacilityinBaltimore.

C.Theshipmentofe-wastetoothercountries.

D.Anadvancedtechnologytomakee-products

問題3選項

A.Dumpthemintothegarbagedump

B.Tearthemapartathomeforvaluablematerials.

C.Leavetheminfreedrop-offsitesforrecycling

D.Burythemundergrounddirectly

問題4選項

A.Iron

B.Mercury

C.Gold

D.Lead

問題5選項

A.Peopleshouldtrytouseaslesselectronicproductsaspossible

B.Peoplecandealwiththeelectronicwasteinasafeway

C.Thegovernmentcandonearlynothinginfrontoftheelectronicwaste

D.Peoplearehelplessinfrontofelectronicwaste

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據原文第二段的內容可知，美國人產生的大量電子垃圾并不出人意料。我們有很多電子產品在使用，它們在全國人口中分布得更為廣泛，而且電子產品的壽命往往相對較短。由此可推測，之所以有這么多電子垃圾，是因為電子產品被廣泛使用，而且容易廢棄。選項D符合原文。

2.細節事實題。根據關鍵詞“EPA”定位到第三段“TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.美國環境保護局估計，美國每年有4億多件消費電子產品被傾倒，越來越多的州正在推動禁止傾倒垃圾，并建立回收項目。”由此可知，幫助減少電子垃圾傾倒是因為各州推行的禁止傾倒垃圾，選項A符合原文。

3.細節事實題。根據關鍵詞“Fannon”定位到第四段第二句“PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.工廠經理MikeFannon說，這里的電子垃圾被轉售給其他公司，進一步拆分出有價值的組件。”由此可知，選項B符合原文。

4.細節事實題。根據第四段最后一句“‘Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’‘很多材料上都鍍了金，以及銀。所以除了銅以外，所有這些貴重金屬都能被重新找到。’”。所以選項C正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據最后一段的內容“廢物管理分析人士說，美國的設施可以安全地回收物品。環保人士堅持認為，通過提高消費者對電子垃圾回收的最佳方式的認識，可以減少垃圾填埋場中電子垃圾的數量。”由此可以推斷，人們可以用一種安全的方式處理電子垃圾。選項B符合原文。

6.翻譯題

中國是世界文明的發源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中國古代思想史上，涌現出了許許多多杰出的思想家，為中華民族乃至整個人類留下了豐富的思想遺產。這些思想成果獨樹一幟，在漫長的歷史中又不斷地被闡釋、被發展，很多思想對于今天的中國乃至世界而言，仍然歷久彌新，極具生命力。比如，儒家學派創始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不僅在當代中國，在其他亞洲國家也一直備受推崇。

【答案】Chinaisoneofthebirthplacesoftheworldcivilizationwhichhasa5,000-yearhistory.TherearemanyoutstandingideologistsinChineseancientthoughthistorythatleftarichideologicalheritageforourChinaandeventhewholemankind.Theideologicalachievementswereveryuniqueandconstantlyexplainedanddevelopedinthelonghistory.Today,someofthesethoughtsarestilllivelyandfullofvitalityfortoday’sChinaandthewholeworld.Forexample,theidealof“benevolence”andthe“harmony”thoughtofConfuciuswhoistheoriginatorofConfucianschoolhavebeenpraisedhighlybyChinaandotherAsiancountriesatpresent.

7.單選題

—Youforgotyourkeyswhenyoulefthomeinthemorning.

—Goodheavens,（）.

問題1選項

A.sodidI.

B.soIdid.

C.soyoudid.

D.sodidyou.

【答案】B

【解析】句意:早上，你離開家的吋候，忘記拿鑰匙了。天啦，是的！

語法題。考查省略。第一句的you和第二句的I是同一個人。根據句意關系，后句是表示同意上文陳述的內容，而第一句主句的動詞是forgot（過去時），因此“soldid”表示“確實”，符合句意和結構，助動詞需與前文保持時態一致。因此B項正確。

8.單選題

Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely______totheoutsideworld.

問題1選項

A.beinglost

B.havinglost

C.losing

D.lost

【答案】D

【解析】考查伴隨狀語。句意：安娜正在看一部科幻小說，完全迷失在外面的世界里。橫線前后兩部分動作同時進行，表示伴隨狀態，根據固定搭配belostto還原句子為Shewascompletelylosttotheoutsideworld，所以D選項lost符合題意。因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

ThereareafewsmallthingsthatIdon’tlikeaboutmyjob,but（）it’sveryenjoyable.

問題1選項

A.allatonce

B.onceandforall

C.somuchas

D.byandlarge

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項allatonce“突然”；B選項onceandforall“一勞永逸地；徹底地；最后一次”；C選項somuchas“甚至于；連……都不”；D選項byandlarge“大體上，總的來說”。句意：雖然工作上的一些小事情讓我討厭，但是總的來說它是非常令人愉快的。由題干中的“afewsmallthings一些小事情”和表示轉折的“but”可知“byandlarge總的來說”符合語境，因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Ispentmostofmymoneyinthefirstweekand（）hadverylittletoeatduringthelastfewdaysoftheholiday.

問題1選項

A.afterall

B.consequently

C.otherwise

D.anyhow

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。afterall“畢竟”；consequently“因此，結果”；otherwise“否則，不然”；anyhow“無論如何，總之”。句意：我第一周就花掉了大部分的錢，因此在假期的最后幾天只能吃一點點東西。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Menoftenwaitlongertogethelpformedicalproblemsthanwomen,and（

）,womenliveaboutsixyearslongerthanmenonanaverage.

問題1選項

A.insteadof

B.constantly

C.consequently

D.because

【答案】C

【解析】根據句意可知，前后構成因果關系，前面是因，后面是由此產生的結果，所以選項C符合語境。

12.單選題

Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto（

）foreigninvestmentinrealestate.

問題1選項

A.manipulate

B.regulate

C.dominate

D.prevail

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。A選項manipulate“操縱，控制”；B選項regulate“調節，管理”;C選項dominate“控制，支配”；D選項prevail“盛行，戰勝”；空格前的“legislations法規”是這個動詞的邏輯主語，所以跟“法規”搭配應該是B選項。

13.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Sheneedaphysicalexamination.

B.Sheisingoodhealth.

C.It’sgoodtohaveadoctorfriend.

D.It’sgoodtovisitthedoctor.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Whenyouneedahealthcheckup,justcallme.It’stotallyfree.

W:It’sgreathavingadoctoraround.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】細節題。男士說需要體檢時打個電話給他，免費的。女士回答說身邊有個醫生很好。

14.單選題

ThepolicestoppedmetheotherdayasIwasdrivinghome,becauseIwas（）thespeedlimit.

問題1選項

A.transcending

B.exceeding

C.surpassing

D.overtaking

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項transcend“勝過，超越”；B選項exceed“超過，勝過”；C選項surpass“超越，優于”；D選項overtake“趕上，壓倒”。四個選項都有“超過，勝過”的意思，但表示超速只能用exceed。根據句意“那天我開車回家的時候被警察攔住了，因為我超速了。”所以選項B正確。

15.單選題

Heknewthathehadonemoredutytoperformbeforeheallowedhimselftosuccumbtohis______forrest.

問題1選項

A.orientation

B.disgust

C.craving

D.objection

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.orientation方向；目標B.disgust厭惡；憎惡

C.craving強烈的愿望；渴望D.objection反對的理由；反對

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“他知道在他屈服于對休息的______之前，他還有一個任務要完成”可推知，______forrest應該是指對休息的強烈渴望，故該題選擇C項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合句意。

【句意】他知道在他屈服于對休息的渴望之前，他還有一個任務要完成。

16.單選題

Aboutone-thirdoftheadulthomelessare（

）mentallyill,andabouthalfarealcoholicorabusedrugs.

問題1選項

A.chronically

B.sparsely

C.adequately

D.individually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。chronically意為“慢性地，習慣性地，長期地”；sparsely意為“稀疏地，節省地”；adequately意為“足夠地”；individually意為“分別地，單獨地”。

句意：大約三分之一的無家可歸的人患有慢性精神病，而且大約有一半是酗酒或吸毒的。

17.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（）manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】句意:只有通過學習，才能獲得許多處理各種情況的常用方法。

考查動詞辨析。retain保留；gain獲得，贏得（尤指想要的或所需的事物）；resort求助，采取（最后）手段；acquire（靠自己的能力、努力或行為）獲得，得到。該處為一個動詞，賓語為“habitualways常用方式”。因此，D項符合句意。

18.單選題

FormanyyearstheJapanesehave（

）thecarmarket.

問題1選項

A.presided

B.occupied

C.operated

D.dominated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項presided“主持”；B選項occupied“占領”；C選項operated“運轉，操作”D選項dominated“控制，支配”。句意：長久以來，日本人（）汽車市場。結合選項，答案選D，日本人主導著汽車市場；B選項一般指的是戰爭上的占領，不符合提干語境，所以不選。

19.單選題

Fallingsalesandrisingoverheadshaveobligedthecompanytorevieweachcustomer’s（

）limit.

問題1選項

A.credit

B.currency

C.check

D.certificate

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項credit“借貸，貸款，信譽”；B選項currency“貨幣”；C選項check“支票”；D選項certificate“證明，證明書”。根據limit（限制，限額）可知A選項符合語境。句意：銷量下降和管理費用上升迫使公司審查每個客戶的信貸限額。

20.單選題

Wearemakinglittle（）inpollutioncontrol.

問題1選項

A.headway

B.sideway

C.edgeways

D.leeway

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項headway“前進；進步；航行速度；間隔時間”；B選項sideway“人行道；小巷”；C選項edgeways“側著；邊對邊地；在邊上的”；D選項leeway“退路；留有余地；風壓差；余地”。根據固定搭配makelittleheadway“前進的步伐很小；沒什么進展”可知該題選headway。句意：我們在控制污染方面成績甚微。因此A選項正確。

21.單選題

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項exact“準確的，精密的；精確的”；C選項acute“敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；D選項vivid“生動的；鮮明的”。句意：盡管大多數鳥類只有微不足道的嗅覺，但是它們卻有敏銳的視覺。根據句意可知C選項正確。

22.單選題

Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinheterogeneoussocietiesthaninhomogenousones,simplybecausetherearemorediversepointsofviewavailableintheformer.Therearemoreconflictsofinterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationofdifferentpersuasions.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandtoleranceinheterogeneoussocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecisionratherthansubjectingthemtoauthority.Inaquitehomogenoussociety,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoperceivetheneedortheopportunityforchange,becauseeverythingseemstobethesameand,ifnotsatisfactory,atleastcustomaryandundisputed.

Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmorereadily(1)inthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;(2)inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;(3)inthelessbasic,lessemotional,orlesssacredaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites,likereligionorasystemofprestige;(4)inthesimpleelementsratherthaninthecomplexones.(5)Informratherthaninsubstance;and(6)inelementscongenialtothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.

Furthermore,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomesmorereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithsharpdichotomies.ThisisonereasonwhychangehasnotcomemorequicklytoBlackAmericansascomparedtootherAmericanminorities,becauseofthesharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweenahomogenoussocietyandaheterogeneousoneliesin（

）.

2.Theauthorwouldmostprobablyagreethatchangesaremorelikelytobesuccessfulin（

）.

問題1選項

A.thenumberofopportunitiesoffered

B.thenatureofconflictsofinterest

C.theawarenessoftheneedforchange

D.theroleofsocialorganizations

問題2選項

A.productionmethods

B.ideologicalconcept

C.religiousbeliefs

D.socialbehavior

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。由第一段的第一句話后半句“…，simplybecausetherearemorediversepointsofviewavailableintheformer”可以看出在由不同種族組成的社會中會存在更多的不同的觀點，因此要求改變的意識就更強。或者此題也可從反面看出，從第一段的第五句話中“Inaquitehomogeneoussociety,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoperceivetheneedortheopportunityforchange,...”看出由同種族構成的社會中，沒什么情況會讓人們覺察到需要改變，因此從反面可推出由不同種族組成的社會肯定是因為覺得要改變的意識更強，所以才會變化的快。因此C選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據第二段內容尤其是第（5）點Informratherthaninsubstance可推知作者講述了一個社會中六種容易改變的方面，其中第一個方面就是文化中物質的方面比非物質的方面要變化的快些，比如說是科技比價值觀變化的快。A選項中的productionmethods“生產商品的方法”屬于科技，所以A選項正確。

23.單選題

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

問題1選項

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。continuously“繼續地”；unwittingly“不知不覺地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我們原意是打算談論工作的，但是不知不覺就談到了足球。選項B符合題意。

24.單選題

Peoplebuyinsuranceinorderto（）asmall,certain,tolerablelossforalarge,uncertain,catastrophicone.

問題1選項

A.return

B.substitute

C.institute

D.predict

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定詞組搭配。固定搭配substitute...for...表示“用……代替……”。A選項return表示“返回，報答，回擊”；C選項institute表示“實行，授予（學位），提起（訴訟）”；D選項predict表示“預言，預測”。【句意】人們買保險是為了用一個可以確定和容忍的小損失來替代大的、不確定的、災難性的損失。

25.案例題

Asresearcherslearnmoreabouthowchildren'sintelligencedevelops,theyareincreasinglysurprisedbythepowerofparents.Thepoweroftheschoolhasbeenreplacedbythehome.Tobeginwith,ailthefactorswhicharepartofintelligence—thechild'sunderstandingoflanguage,learningpatterns,curiosity—areestablishedwellbeforethechildentersschoolattheageofsix.Studyafterstudyhasshownthatevenafterschoolbegins,children'sachievementshavebeenfarmoreinfluencedbyparentsthanbyteachers.Thisisparticularlytrueaboutlearningthatislanguage-related.Theschoolratherthanthehomeisgivencreditforvariationsinachievementinsubjectssuchasscience.

Inviewoftheirpowerit'ssadtoseesomanyparentsnotmakingthemostoftheirchild'sintelligence.Untilrecentlyparentshadbeenwarnedbyeducatorswhoaskedthemnottoeducatetheirchildren.Manyteachersnowrealizethatchildrencannotbeeducatedonlyatschoolandparentsarebeingaskedtocontributebothbeforeandafterthechildentersschool.

Parentshavebeenparticularlyafraidtoteachreadingathome.Ofcourse,childrenshouldn'tbepushedtoreadbytheirparents,buteducatorshavediscoveredthatreadingisbest[aughtindividually一andtheeasiestplacetodothisisathome.Manyfourandfive-year-oldswhohavebeenshownafewlettersandtaughttheirsoundswillcomposesinglewordsoftheirownwiththemevenbeforetheyhavebeentaughttoread.

1.Whathaveresearchersfoundoutabouttheinfluenceofparentsandtheschoolonchildren'sintelligence?

2.Whatdoresearchersconcludeaboutchildren'slearningpatterns?

3.Inwhichareamayschoolplayamoreimportantrole?

4.Whydidmanyparentsfailtomakethemostoftheirchildren'sintelligence?

5.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthatparentsshouldbeencouragedto.

【答案】1.Parentshavegreaterinfluencethanschool.

2.Theyareestablishedwellattheageofsix.

3.Subjectsuchasscience.

4.Theywerewarnedbyeducatorsnottoeducatetheirchildren.

5.teachreadingathome.

【解析】1.根根據第一段第四句"Studyafterstudyhasshownthatevenafterschoolbegins,children'sachievementshavebeenfarmoreinfluencedbyparentsthanbyteachers."一項又一項研究表明,即使在開學后,孩子們的成績也更多地受到父母的影響,而不是老師的影響。

2.根據第一段第三句"Tobeginwith,allthefactors...areestablishedwellbeforethechildentersschoolattheageofsix."在兒童六歲入學之前,所有與智力相關的因素,如兒童對語言的理解力、學習模式、好奇心都已經確定。

3.根據第一段最后一句"Theschoolratherthanthehomeisgivencreditforvariationsinachievementinsubjectssuchasscience."在諸如科學這類科目中取得成就時,受到稱贊的是學校而非家庭。

4.根據第二段的第二句"Untilrecently,parentshadbeenwarnedbyeducatorswhoaskedthemnottoeducatetheirchildren."直到最近,教育學家還告誡父母不要教育他們的孩子。

5.根據最后一段的第二句"...childrenshouldn'tbe...todothisisathome."當然,父母不應該強迫孩子閱讀,但教育工作者發現,閱讀是最好的個別化教學,而最容易的地方是在家里。作者其實是鼓勵父母在家里教孩子閱讀。

26.單選題

Ifyoustandontopofacliffbookingdownadeepvalley,you’llfeel（）.

問題1選項

A.uncomfortable

B.dizzy

C.sick

D.feeble

【答案】B

【解析】uncomfortable不舒服的；dizzy頭暈目眩的；sick惡心的；feeble虛弱的。句意：如果你站在懸崖頂端往下看深谷，你會感到頭暈目眩。選項B更符合語境。

27.單選題

Khalida’sfathersaysshe’s9ormaybe10.AsmuchasSayedShahloveshis10children,thefunctionallyilliterateAfghanfarmercan’tkeeptrackofalltheirbirthdates.Khalidahuddledathisside,tryingtohidebeneathherchadorandheadscarf.Theybothknowthefamilycan’tkeephermuchlonger.Khalida’sfatherhasspentmuchofhisliferaisingopium,asmenlikehimhavebeendoingfordecadesinthestonyhillsidesofeasternAfghanistanandonthedustysouthernplains.It’stheonlyreliablecashcropmostofthosefarmerseverhad.Evenso,Shahandhisfamilybarelygoby:traffickersmayprosper,butpoorfarmerslikehimonlysubsist.Nowhe’slosingfarmorethanmoney.“IneverimaginedI’dhavetopayforgrowingopiumbygivingupmydaughter,”saysShah.

Thefamily’sheartbreakbeganwhenShahborrowed$2000fromalocaltrafficker,promisingtorepaytheloanwith24kilosofopiumatharvesttime.Latelastspring,justbeforeharvest,agovernmentcrop-eradicationteamappearedatthefamily’slittleplotoflandinLaghmanprovinceanddestroyedShah’sentiretwoandhalfacresofpoppies.Unabletomeethisdebt,ShahfledwithhisfamilytoJalalabad,thecapitalofneighboringNangarharprovince.Thetraffickerfoundthemanywayanddemandedhisopium.SoShahtookhiscasebeforeatribalcouncilinLaghmanandbeggedforleniency.Instead,theeldersunanimouslyruledthatShahwouldhavetoreimbursethetraffickersbygivingKhalidatohiminmarriage.Nowthefamilycanonlywaitforthe45-year-olddrugrunnertocomebackforhisprize.Khalidawantedtobeateachersomeday,butthathasbecomeimpossible.“It’smyfate”thechildsays.

Afghansdisparagingly(貶低的)callthem“loanbrides”—daughtersgiveninmarriagebyfatherswhohavenootherwayoutofdebt.Thepracticebeganwiththedowryabridegroom’sfamilytraditionallypaystothebride’sfatherintribalPashtunsociety.Thesedaystheamountrangesfrom$3,000orsoinpoorerplaceslikeLaghmanandNangarharto$8,000ormoreinHelmand,Afghanistan’sNo1opium-growingprovince.Foradesperatefarmer,thatbridepricecanbesalvation—butatacruelcost.AmongthePashtun,debtmarriageputsalastingstainonthehonorofthebrideandherfamily.Itbringsshameonthecountry,too.PresidentHamidKarzairecentlytoldthenation:“Icallonthepeople(notto)givetheirdaughtersformoney;theyshouldn’tgivethemtooldmen,andtheyshouldn’tgivetheminforcedmarriage.

Allthesame,localfarmerssayamancangetkilledforfailingtorepayaloan.NooneknowshowmanydebtweddingstakeplaceinAfghanistan,where93percentoftheworld’sheroinandotheropiatesoriginate.ButAfghanssaythenumberofloanbrideskeepsrisingaspoppy-eradicationeffortspushfarmersintodefault.“Thiswillbeourdarkestyearsince2000,”saysBazMohammad,65,awhite-beardedformeropiumfarmerinNangarhar.“Evenmoredaughterswillbesoldthisyear.”Theoldmanliveswiththeanguishofsellinghisown13-year-olddaughterin2000,afterTalibanleaderMullahMohammedOmarbannedpopp