書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京電影學(xué)院現(xiàn)代創(chuàng)意媒體學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

人類(lèi)文明——任何形式的人類(lèi)文明，都可以說(shuō)是一種大的信息系統(tǒng)。第一個(gè)階段是語(yǔ)言，有了語(yǔ)言才能共同占有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，才能集體記憶，才能集體積累知識(shí)。然后便是記寫(xiě)，記寫(xiě)提供了一種不太容易消失的、更容易傳遞的記憶形式。之后便出現(xiàn)了印刷，從而使信息傳播大大增加。

現(xiàn)代電子學(xué)正在為我們提供嶄新而功能更強(qiáng)的方法，來(lái)收集、加工、處理和傳遞。正是這種發(fā)展的一個(gè)非凡特征，才使得能力的巨大提高卻沒(méi)有給能源或稀少的材料造成負(fù)擔(dān)。相反，設(shè)備變得越來(lái)越小，甚至在同樣的工作性能情況下，價(jià)格越來(lái)越便宜。只需要看袖珍計(jì)算器，微型計(jì)算機(jī)，電子表和電子游戲機(jī)，便可知道確實(shí)是如此。

【答案】Itcanbesaidthatanyformofhumancivilizationisalargeinformationsystem.Thefirststageislanguage.Onlywithlanguagecanweshareexperienceandhavecollectivememoryaswellasaccumulateknowledgecollectively.Thesecondstepistowritedown.Writinghasofferedaformofmemorythatislesslikelytodisappearandmoreeasilytransmitted.Thenprintinggreatlyhasincreasedthedisseminationofinformation.

Modernelectronicsisprovidinguswithnewandmorepowerfulwaystocollect,process,processanddeliver.Itisaremarkablefeatureofthisdevelopmentthatgreatlyincreasesabilitywithoutposingburdenonenergyorscarcematerials.Rather,devicesaregettingsmallerandevencheaperunderthesameperformanceconditions,whichisprovedbypocketcalculator,microcomputer,electronicwatchandelectronicgamemachine.

2.單選題

Aircraftandrocketcanbeusedtocollectradioactivedebris,whilehigh-altitudesatellitescarrydetectorsforgammaraysandotheremissions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diffusion

B.remains

C.glitter

D.transfer

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。debris表示“碎片，殘骸”。A項(xiàng)diffusion“擴(kuò)散，傳播”，B項(xiàng)remain“遺留，殘骸”，C項(xiàng)glitter“閃光，燦爛”，D項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：飛機(jī)和火箭可以用來(lái)收集放射性碎片，而高空衛(wèi)星攜帶探測(cè)伽馬射線(xiàn)和其他輻射的探測(cè)器。根據(jù)句意，該題選B正確。

3.單選題

Thecar,atleastasweknowit,isonthewayout,becauseitsexhaust（

）athreattotheenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originates

B.poses

C.offends

D.paralyzes

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。originate起源，發(fā)源；pose造成問(wèn)題等；offend冒犯，進(jìn)攻；paralyze使麻痹。句意：至少就我們所知，汽車(chē)正在被淘汰，因?yàn)樗膹U氣對(duì)環(huán)境造成了威脅。poseathreatto為固定搭配，表示“對(duì)...造成威脅”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.單選題

Ifthesun（）theplayerscouldhavefinishedthegame.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadshine

B.didshine

C.wereshining

D.hadshone

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這是個(gè)虛擬條件句，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，句意：如果太陽(yáng)照耀著，隊(duì)員們本可以完成比賽，說(shuō)明比賽未完成，這個(gè)事情已經(jīng)是既成事實(shí)了，ifIhaddone…Iwouldhavedone…因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Manysocialservicesareprovidedby（

）societiesandorganizationsthatdonotexpectanymaterialpayment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.voluntary

C.helpful

D.spiritual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。wealthy“富有的；充分的”；voluntary“自愿的”；helpful“有幫助的；有益的”；spiritual“精神的；心靈的”。句意：很多社團(tuán)自愿組織提供很多社會(huì)福利事業(yè)，并不期望任何物質(zhì)報(bào)酬。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Somepeoplecriticizefamilydoctorsfor（）toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prescribing

B.ordering

C.advising

D.delivering

【答案】A

【解析】prescribing規(guī)定,開(kāi)藥；ordering訂購(gòu)；advising建議；delivering發(fā)表,投遞。句意：有些人批評(píng)家庭醫(yī)生為小病開(kāi)的藥過(guò)多。

7.單選題

TheMedalofNationalScienceis[A]thehighest[B]awardscientificthatcanbe[C]givento[D]anyindividualintheUnitedStates.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thehighest

B.awardscientific

C.given

D.any

【答案】B

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞語(yǔ)序。

【解題思路】award是名詞，scientific是形容詞，形容詞應(yīng)該放在名詞前面，所以正確語(yǔ)序是scientificaward（科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)）。該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【句意】國(guó)家科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?wù)率敲绹?guó)授予任何個(gè)人的最高科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

8.單選題

（）he（）asynopsisofastory（）hewouldsummonacrowdofhisfriends

tohishouseandreaditaloudtothem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nosoonerdid...have...than

B.Assoonas...hadthen

C.Nosoonerdid...have...that

D.Nosooner...had...than

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他剛有了一個(gè)故事的概要，就把一群朋友們叫到家聽(tīng)他朗讀。

語(yǔ)法題。考查倒裝。“Nosoonerdid（had）...than...”表示“一…就…”。此固定結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)吋間狀語(yǔ)從句，位于句首，需要部分倒裝。因此只有A正確。

9.單選題

Theideathatboysandgirlshavedifferentlearningstylesseemstobelosingground，buttherearestillmany（）supportersofsingle-sexeducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compulsory

B.pervasive

C.critical

D.passionate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，強(qiáng)制的”，B選項(xiàng)pervasive“遍布的，普遍的”，C選項(xiàng)critical“批判性的，關(guān)鍵的”，D選項(xiàng)passionate“狂熱的，熱情的”，句意：認(rèn)為男孩和女孩有不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式的觀(guān)點(diǎn)似乎正在失勢(shì)，但仍有許多普遍支持男女分校教育的人。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

To（

）people’shungerforadventures,theycameupwithmanyhigh-techvideogames.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhance

B.beautify

C.appease

D.nullify

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Enhance“加強(qiáng)”；beautify“美化”；appease“使平息，使?jié)M足”；nullify“使無(wú)效，作廢”。句意：為了滿(mǎn)足人們對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)的渴望，他們想出了許多高科技電子游戲。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora"teach-in"honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfhearted-andanothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon'thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennial,in1909,thatyear,Lincoln'slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury.Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lectures,andmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfiilnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenLong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI'mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto"reassess"thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict-nosurprise-wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-fellyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed-byhisadmirers,remember-as“nonjudgmental.”“Unmoralistic.”“Comfortablewithambiguity”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall’

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic-approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,

Compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

HishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We'vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincolntheemancipatorandtheracistthestoicphilosopher,theChristian.Theatheist-LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What'softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializesfromacenturyago—andthroughthem.Lincolnhimself-haveleftusahintofwheretofindhim.

TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe'veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

1.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebrationisinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentfromthisyear's?

3.Intheauthor'sopinionthecounter-conference（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled.

B.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued.

C.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen.

D.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars.

B.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective.

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions.

D.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.conformstotraditionalimages.

B.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship.

C.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln.

D.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

B.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段,接下來(lái)一段將今年的慶祝活動(dòng)與1909年100年紀(jì)念的時(shí)候相比較”。也就是200周年的紀(jì)念一點(diǎn)都比不上1909年的。A和B項(xiàng)都含在了D項(xiàng)中，C項(xiàng)不客觀(guān)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。今年和1909年紀(jì)念活動(dòng)的區(qū)別深層次的原因，出現(xiàn)在第四、第五段中：第4段第一句：thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday;第5段第一句：ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore.可以看出現(xiàn)今的人所缺少的inspirations和somethingmore即A選項(xiàng)中提到的“對(duì)偉人和他們的影響的尊敬”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第8段:令作者更加失望的是隨后針對(duì)該批判會(huì)展開(kāi)的學(xué)者會(huì)議。這一會(huì)議把林肯描述成了“不急于下判斷、不道德、模棱兩可”。

4.推斷題。倒數(shù)第二段中指出:writershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage(各路作家們呈現(xiàn)出了以他們的想法創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的林肯),因此D項(xiàng)(林肯在人們心目中各不相同)正確。

5.推斷題。在倒數(shù)第二段中列出了林肯在世人的各種形象后，作者說(shuō)缺少一個(gè)timelessLincoln（永恒的林肯）,因此推測(cè)A項(xiàng)Lincoln'sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime(林肯的偉大不隨著時(shí)間的消逝而消失)比較符合作者暗含的意思。

12.單選題

Certainspeciesdisappearedorbecame（）asnewformsarosethatwerebetteradaptedtotheEarth’schangingenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.feeble

B.extinct

C.massive

D.extinguished

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)feeble“微弱的，無(wú)力的”，B項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的，絕種的”，C項(xiàng)massive“大量的，巨大的”，D項(xiàng)extinguished“熄滅的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞species（物種），可猜測(cè)空格部分應(yīng)該表示“滅絕”。句意：隨著更能適應(yīng)地球環(huán)境變化的新物種的出現(xiàn)，某些物種消失或滅絕。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

ThehistoryofLi’scareertookitsspecialcoursebecauseitoccurredattheendofimperialtimes,wheninstitutionalproblemsoftraditionalChinesehistorybecame（）newelementsbroughtinbytheimpactoftheWest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.together

B.separated

C.united

D.mergedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義以及固定搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)together“新潮的，情緒穩(wěn)定的”；B選項(xiàng)separated“分開(kāi)的，分居”；C選項(xiàng)united“一致的，統(tǒng)一的”；D選項(xiàng)mergedwith“與……結(jié)合；與……聯(lián)合”。mergedwith與……融合，結(jié)合，由題干可知，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)以及西方新元素會(huì)產(chǎn)生融合。排除A選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)；空格處前是become，后面是newelements，賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，不能直接在空格處加入形容詞，代入C選項(xiàng)無(wú)法組成完整的句子，不符合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處填入的詞應(yīng)和become一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。句意：當(dāng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)歷史的體制問(wèn)題與在西方影響下引入的新元素相……時(shí)，由于處于帝國(guó)時(shí)期的末期，李的職業(yè)歷史便走向了一條特殊的道路。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Safetydevices（

）inpreventingaccidentsintheworkshop.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assist

B.assure

C.assemble

D.contribute

【答案】A

【解析】句意:安全設(shè)備有助于防止車(chē)間出事故。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Assist幫助,促進(jìn),assistindoingsth.協(xié)助做某事;assure保證,擔(dān)保;assemble集合,聚集,裝配;contribute貢獻(xiàn),出力。因此A符合句意。

15.單選題

Forsometimenow,therehasbeena（）positionamonghigh-levelpolicymakerscallingforevidence-basedpracticesintheUnitedStatesandoverseas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.widedisseminating

B.widedisseminated

C.widelydisseminating

D.widelydisseminated

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)題意，空格應(yīng)該為名詞position“工作”的定語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閐isseminate和position之前存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示“被傳播的工作”，所以選用-ed分詞作定語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，所以選用widely“廣泛地”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Thespeaker______uswithtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.detour

B.offset

C.tantalized

D.ushered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.detour繞行，繞道B.offset抵消，彌補(bǔ)；襯托出

C.tantalized逗弄；令人干著急D.ushered引導(dǎo)；招待；迎接

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)withtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure（講述異國(guó)風(fēng)情和埋藏寶藏的故事）可知，這個(gè)演講者是通過(guò)講故事來(lái)逗樂(lè)我們，C項(xiàng)詞義符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】演講者講了許多關(guān)于異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)和埋藏寶藏的故事，把我們逗樂(lè)了。

17.單選題

Studentswhogetveryhighmarkswillbe（）fromthefinalexamination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expelled

B.banished

C.absolved

D.ousted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。expel“驅(qū)逐，開(kāi)除”；banish“流放，放逐”；absolve“宣布免除”；oust“剝奪，取代，驅(qū)逐”。句意：得高分的學(xué)生可免除期末考試。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.單選題

Despitealmostuniversal_______ofthevitalimportanceofwomen’sliteracy,educationremainsadreamformanywomeninfartoomanycountriesoftheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confession

B.identification

C.acknowledgement

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。confession“坦白，供認(rèn)”；identification“鑒定；身份證”；acknowledgement“承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)”；compliment“贊美”。句意：盡管女性文化的重要性成為統(tǒng)一承認(rèn)的事情，但是在世界的許多國(guó)家，教育仍然是許多女性的夢(mèng)想。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（

）toviolenceinordertoescape.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。proceed“開(kāi)始”；appeal“呼吁，請(qǐng)求”；resort“訴諸”；incline“傾向”。句意：通常，動(dòng)物只有在他們受困想要逃跑的情況下才會(huì)采取攻擊行為。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

SincetheGreatDepressionof1929mostcountries（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasmakingasuccessfulrecovery

B.hadmadeasuccessfulrecovery

C.hasmadeasuccessfulrecovery

D.havemadeasuccessfulrecovery

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。since表示“自從”時(shí)，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。句意：自1929年的大蕭條以來(lái)，大多數(shù)國(guó)家都成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了復(fù)蘇。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

21.單選題

Journalistsusuallyrefertowhattheywriteasstories.Notarticlesorreports,occasionallypieces,butstories.Thisdoesnotapplyonlytoreportersbuttoeverybodyintheeditorialchain,fromdeskeditors,copyeditors,specialistandsportswriterstotheeditorhimorherself.Wordspublishedinnewspapers,onairoronlinearestories.

Storiessoundinteresting;reportssounddull.Tosome,storiesmeanfiction:"Tellmeastory,mummy”.Storiesaretallandshort,madeupandtrue.Truestoriesareaboutwhathappened.Wetellstoriesinconversation,recountingexperiencesandeventsinwhichwetookpartorobserve.Thecrucialthingaboutastoryisthatotherpeoplewanttohearit,becauseitisinterestingorentertaining.Otherwisethestorytellerisabore.

Sojournalistswritestoriesfortheirreaderstotellthemwhatisgoingon,toinformthem,engagethem,entertainthem,shockthem,amusethem,disturbthem,upliftthem.Thesubjectmatterwillvaryaccordingtothenatureofthepublicationandtheintendedaudience.Thegoodnewspapereditorwillhaveaclearideaofthesortofpeoplewhoarereadingit,andcatertotheirinterestsandpreoccupations,sometimestheirprejudices.Andthepaperwillincludethatvitalingredientserendipity-thestoryyoudidn’texpect,the"justfancythat",theabsurditiesaswellasthetravailsofthehumancondition.

Journalismisbasicallyasimplegame.Itisaboutfindingthingsoutandtellingotherpeopleaboutthem.Thefindingoutrequiresavarietyofskillsbecausethoseinpoweroftenpreferthatweknowonlysomuch.Journalismisaboutholdingsuchpeopletoaccount,exposingtheirhumbugandhypocrisy,theabuseoftheirpower.Thisincludesthecontrolitgivesthemovertheflowofinformation,theabilitytoburythebadnews,tospinandobfuscate.Goodjournalistsmustasktheawkwardquestionsandquestiontheanswers,mustdigtounearthandthenexplain,makingcomprehensiblethatwhichauthority,byintentorverbalinadequacy,hasleftconfused,incompleteorplainmendacious.Incomprehensiblejournalismisquitesimplybadjournalism,andthereforepointless.

Ultimatelythereisonlyonepurpose:tomakethereaderreadthestory.Iftheydon't,whatwasthepointoffindingitoutandtellingit?Thisbookletpicksupthestorywhenthereaderhasreachedthestageofdecidingtoaddressthestory.Thatisnotthesameasreadingit,orevenreadingacertainamountofit.Theyhavejustreachedthefirstword,perhapsattractedbythepicture,theextractedquote,oranyoftheotherpresentationaldevicesusedtodragthereadertothestory.Wehavereachedthestagewherethereaderisgoingtosubjectthestorytothefinaltest,readingsomeorallofin.Thisisaboutwriting.

Newspaperreadingisdifferentfromreadingabook.Itisselective,doesnotinvolvecommitmenttothewhole.Relativelylittletimeisspentreadingadailynewspaper.Thenewspaperreader,unlikethereaderofthemoreliterarynovel,doesnotexpecttoinvesteffortintheendeavour.Heorshewillnotreadasentenceorparagraphasecondtimetobeclearaboutwhatisbeingsaid.Confusion,moreoftenthannot,willmeanabandoningthestoryaltogetherandmovingon.Manynewspaperreadersskim,sampleorgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough.

Sojournalisticwritingisdifferentfromcreativewriting.Manyyoungpeoplethinktheywouldliketobejournalistsbecausetheyhave"alwayslovedwriting”orstartedwritingpoemswhentheywereeight.Itiscertainlynotenoughandmaywellbeabarriertosuccessinjournalism.ThelateNicholasTomalinfamouslywrotethat"theonlyqualitiesessentialforrealsuccessinjournalismarerat-likecunning,aplausiblemanner,andalittleliteraryability."Heincludedwriting,butheplaceditthirdandprefaceditwithadiminutive.Thewritingmatters;butdon'tthinkofitasart.Thinkofitasworkingwriting,writingdoingajob,writingthatputsacrossinformationinawaythatmakesreaderswanttoabsorbit.

Atatimewhenthevastmajorityofentrantstojournalismhavedegrees—welcomebecausejournalisminacomplexworldisanintellectualpursuititisworthpointingoutthatwritingfornewspapersisalsoverydifferentfromtheacademicwritingofstudentessays.Notimetoproducearoutemapfortheessayandreachthepointsomewhereneartheend;thejournalistmustgrabtheattentionatonce.

Itisdifficulttowritesimplyandengagingly,sothatreaderswillkeepreading;toexplainsothatallthereadersunderstand,andwantto.Thisisthetaskthewritingjournalisthas.

1.Whichofthefollowingismostlyusedbyjournaliststodescribethepiecestheywrite?

2.Whatshouldagoodnewspapereditordoaccordingtothetext?

3.ThequoteofNicholasTomalinisusedtoexpressthat（）

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadifferencebetweennewspaperreadingandbookreading?

5.Whatisthefinalpurposeforjournalisticwritingaccordingtothetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Reports.

B.Stories.

C.Articles.

D.Pieces.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Findthingsoutandtellreadersaboutthem.

B.Grabtheattentionatonce.

C.Catertoreaders’interestsandpreoccupations.

D.Controltheflowofinformation.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Journalisticwritingisdifferentfromwritingasanart.

B.Itisdifficulttowritesimplyandengaginglyforreaderstokeepreading.

C.Newspaperreadingisdifferentfromreadingabook.

D.Journalismisbasicallyasimplegame.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Contentsareselectedinnewspapers.

B.Lesstimeisspentreadinganewspaper.

C.Newspaperreadersareexpectedtoinvesteffortintheendeavour.

D.Newspaperreadersgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Makingreadersspendmoretimereadinganewspaper.

B.Connectingreaderswithgovernments.

C.Makingreadersreadthestory.

D.Explaininginawaysothatallthereadersunderstand.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出“Notarticlesorreports,occasionallypieces,butstories”，不是文章或報(bào)告，偶爾的作品是故事。由此可知B項(xiàng)“故事”正確。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段“Thegoodnewspapereditorwillhaveaclearideaofthesortofpeoplewhoarereadingit,andcatertotheirinterestsandpreoccupations,sometimestheirprejudices”，一位好的報(bào)紙編輯要有明確的概念，即：什么樣的人會(huì)讀報(bào)紙，要迎合讀者的興趣，抓住讀者的注意力，有時(shí)可能要關(guān)注他們的偏見(jiàn)。因此C項(xiàng)“迎合讀者的興趣，抓住讀者的注意力”正確。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。對(duì)NicholasTomalin所述的引用在第七段，第七段的主題句是“Sojournalisticwritingisdifferentfromcreativewriting”，所以新聞寫(xiě)作不同于創(chuàng)意寫(xiě)作。此后的每句都是在論證這一主題句，因此A項(xiàng)“新聞寫(xiě)作不同于創(chuàng)意寫(xiě)作”正確。

第4題:4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A:報(bào)紙上的內(nèi)容是選擇性的。第六段指出“Itisselective”，它是選擇性的，因此A項(xiàng)正確。B：讀報(bào)所花的時(shí)間更少。根據(jù)“Relativelylittletimeisspentreadingadailynewspaper”可知B項(xiàng)正確。C：報(bào)紙讀者應(yīng)該在這方面努力。根據(jù)“Thenewspaperreader,doesnotexpecttoinvesteffortintheendeavour”，看報(bào)的人并不需要投入太多的精力，因此C項(xiàng)與原文不符。D：報(bào)紙讀者偏愛(ài)故事，而不喜歡從頭到尾讀。根據(jù)“Manynewspaperreadersskim,sampleorgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough”，許多讀報(bào)者只是略讀，僅僅粗略看看故事而不是精讀，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章講述了新聞寫(xiě)作的特點(diǎn)與要求。因?yàn)榭磮?bào)者通常會(huì)花較少的時(shí)間瀏覽報(bào)紙各版面，所以新聞作品要迎合讀者口味，吸引他們的注意力。故本題選A項(xiàng)“讓讀者花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間去閱讀報(bào)紙”。

22.單選題

Thecarpetlooksbeautifulbutcannot（）thewearandtearofcontinualuse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standupfor

B.standupto

C.standwellwith

D.standupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)standupfor“支持，堅(jiān)持”；B選項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗，勇敢地面對(duì)”；C選項(xiàng)standwellwith“得……寵信；得某人好感，好評(píng)”；D選項(xiàng)standupwith“給……當(dāng)儐相，陪伴”。句意：地毯看起來(lái)很漂亮，但（）不斷使用的磨損。這個(gè)句子要表達(dá)的意思是“但是經(jīng)不起不斷使用的磨損”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Inprotest,blacksand（）whitessatatthecountersoftheserestaurantsandrefusedtomoveuntiltheywereserved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensible

B.indifferent

C.influential

D.sympathetic

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。sensible"明智的,合情理的";indifferent"不關(guān)心的,冷淡的,中立的";influential"有影響的,有權(quán)勢(shì)的";sympathetic"同情的，贊同的"。句意：在抗議活動(dòng)中,黑人和那些支持抗議行為的白人坐在餐館的柜臺(tái)上,拒絕離開(kāi)，直到他們得到服務(wù)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

24.單選題

Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe

notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic

legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence

goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert

Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwins,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibletodistinguishthecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.

Plomin’steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationin

intelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent；byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrenget

older，theybecomebetteratexploitingandmanipulatingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,

andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttofostertheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriends

whoarelike-minded.”ChildrenwithmediumtolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesand

activities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.

Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilitydoesn’t

meanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit，”saysSusanneJaeggi，“Fromourownwork,the

onesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhighergainsaftertraining.’’

Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeingtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.“Myinclinationwouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearcherPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedtosteerkidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”

1.Whatisthecommonnotionthatpeopleholdaboutgenes?

2.ThestudybyPlomin’steamaimstofindout(

)

3.Fromtheexperimentwithtwins,Plomin’steamdrawsaconclusionthat(

).

4.Theword“pattern”inparagraphfourisclosestinmeaningto(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingmightPlomin’steamleastagreeto?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Humanscandolittletochangethegeneticdifferencesbetweenpeople.

B.Geneticinfluencebecomesstrongerwhenpeoplereceiveeducation.

C.Genescontributemoretoone’sintelligencethanenvironmentalfactors.

D.Environmentalfactorslessentheinfluenceofgenesonone’sintelligence.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.whethervariationsinintelligencearecausedbygeneticdifferences

B.howtooverpowergeneticfactorswithneweducationalapproaches

C.whethergeneticcontributiontoone’sintelligencevarieswithage

D.therelationshipbetweenenvironmentandgenes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.geneticcontributionincreaseswhenonegrowsolder

B.geneticinfluencedecreaseswhenageincreases

C.environmenthasmoreimpactonfraternaltwinsthanidenticaltwins

D.itremainsamysteryhowgenesandenvironmentco-influencepeople

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.cognitiveability

B.strongheritability

C.geneticlegacy

D.challengingpastimes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anidenticalcurriculumtoschoolchildren.

B.AdifferentiatedcoursedesigntochildrenwithvariedIQ.

C.MoreeffortdirectedatchildrenwithmediumorlowG.

D.Educationtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：人們對(duì)基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“asweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation”可知大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，“environmentalinfluence環(huán)境影響”將逐漸大于“geneticlegacy基因遺傳”。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：Plomin的研究小組的目的是找出______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Plomin’steam”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage”可知他們的目的是找出基因貢獻(xiàn)是否隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而增加。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：從雙胞胎的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，Plomin的團(tuán)隊(duì)得出了一個(gè)結(jié)論_______。第二段最后提到了雙胞胎實(shí)驗(yàn)，第三段開(kāi)頭講到實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論“Plomin’steamcalculatedthat…”，第三句中“Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage”可推出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論就是基因影響隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而增加。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.詞義推測(cè)題。題干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。定位點(diǎn)在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plomin認(rèn)為G較高的孩子會(huì)利用環(huán)境培養(yǎng)自己的認(rèn)知能力并選擇志同道合的朋友；而G較低的孩子可能會(huì)選擇不那么有挑戰(zhàn)的娛樂(lè)和活動(dòng)，進(jìn)而強(qiáng)化了他們的基因遺傳。可知這里說(shuō)的“pattern”就是孩子們認(rèn)知能力的發(fā)展。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可能是Plomin的團(tuán)隊(duì)最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為應(yīng)該進(jìn)行差異化教育，對(duì)于G中低等的孩子應(yīng)投入更多精力。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

25.單選題

GrandmaMosesisamongthemostcelebratedtwentiethcenturypaintersoftheUnitedStates,yetshehadbarelystartedpaintingbeforeshewasinherlateseventies.Assheoncesaidofherself:“Iwouldneversitbackinarockingchair,waitingforsomeonetohelpme.”Noonecouldhavehadamoreproductiveage.

ShewasbornAnnaMaryRobertsononafarminNewYorkState,oneoffiveboysandfivegirls.(“Wecameinbunches,likeradishes.’’)Attwelveshelefthomeandwasindome