書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)鴻德學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe‘‘how’’,thequestionof“forwhom”isputasideonceagain.

Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.

Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As“futures”aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves—so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.

CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.Europe,orJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.

Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransitionalcorporationsmaybenefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestof（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactdevelopingcountries?

4.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis（

）.

問題1選項

A.therichcountries

B.scientificdevelopment

C.theelite

D.theworldeconomy

問題2選項

A.internationaltradeshouldbeexpanded

B.theinternationalofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsideration

C.theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased

D.communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized

問題3選項

A.Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.

B.Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries

C.Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.

D.Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.

問題4選項

A.hindertheirindustrialproduction

B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade

C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports

D.costthemtheireconomicindependence

問題5選項

A.positive

B.ritical

C.indifferent

D.tolerant

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國家加強對全球市場的控制，而對貧困國家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，高科技的發(fā)展意味著富裕國家的利益不斷增加，選項A符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第一段提到對于那些看得見未來的人來說，計算機、電視和電話將永遠(yuǎn)改變我們的生活；但是卻很少有人關(guān)注這些科技的發(fā)展對窮人的影響（forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor），由此可知貧困國家的利益并沒有得到重視，選項B符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國家加強對全球市場的控制，而對貧困國家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，由于電子經(jīng)濟(jì)會使得全球市場掌控在富裕國家手中，因而貧窮國家的利益將會受到損害，選項A符題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第三段主要講述了通信技術(shù)對發(fā)展中國家的影響。文章提到發(fā)展中國家對自己命運的掌控越來越少，為了重新獲得控制權(quán)，它們會考慮通信現(xiàn)代化（“developmentcommunications”modernization），但是這樣做的后果是會導(dǎo)致長期依賴和對本國經(jīng)濟(jì)永久地制約（Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies），由此可知選項D“付出了經(jīng)濟(jì)獨立的代價”符合題意。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。文章討論的主要內(nèi)容是通信技術(shù)對發(fā)展中國家的負(fù)面影響，作者對此是持否定態(tài)度的，因此，選項B“批判的”符合題意。

2.單選題

ATIMEcolumnistbearswitnesstoanoperationtohelptripletswithcerebralpalsywalklikeotherboys.

CindyHickmannearlybledtodeaththedayshegavebirth—threemonthsprematurely—tohertripletsons.Weighinglessthan2lbseach,herbabieswerealive，butbarely.TheyclungsotenuouslytolifethatherdoctorsrecommendedshenamethemA,BandC.Then,afterayearofheroicinterventions—brainshunts，tracheotomies,skullremodeling—oftenrequiringemergencyhelicopterridestothehospitalnearesttheirruralTennesseehome,theHickmanlearnedthattheirtripletshadcerebralpalsy.

Fifteenyearsagotherewasn’tmuchthatcouldbedoneaboutcerebralpalsy，adisordercausedbydamagetothemotorcentersofthebrain.Butpediatricmedicinehascomealongwaysincethen,bothininterventionbeforebirth,withbetterprenatalcareandvarioustechniquestopostponedelivery，andsurgicalinterventionsafterbirthtocorrectphysicaldeficiencies.Soalthoughtheincidenceofcerebralpalsyseemstobeincreasing(becausetheoddsofpreemiessurvivingaresomuchbetter),sotooarethenumberofsuccessstories.

Thisisoneofthem.Lane,CodieandWyatt(astheHickmanboysarecalled)havespasticcerebralpalsy,themostcommonform,accountingfornearly80%o￡cases.“Wefirstnoticedthattheyweren’twalkingwhentheyshould，”Cindyrecalls.“Insteadtheywereonlydoingthecombatcrawl.”Theirbrainsseemedtobedevelopingageappropriately,buttheirmuscleswereunnaturallystiff，makingwalkingdifficultifnotimpossible.

Happily,spasticcerebralpalsyisalsothemosttreatableformofCP,largelythankstoaprocedureknownasselectivedorsalrhizotomy,inwhichthenerverootsthatarecausingtheproblemareisolatedandsevered.AmongthefirsttochampionSDRintheU.S.inthelate1980swasDr.T.S.Park,aKorean-bornpediatricneurosurgeonatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,Mo.,whohasperformedmorethan800oftheseoperationsandhopestodoanadditional1,000beforeheretires.

Havingperformedtheoperationmyselfasaresidentinneurosurgery,Iwaseagertoseehowthecountry’smostprolificSDRsurgeondoesit.LastmonthIgotanopportunitytostandbyhissideasheoperatedon3-year-oldLaneHickman.

Peeringthroughamicroscopeandguidedbyanelectricprobe,wewereabletodistinguishbetweenthetwogroupsofnerverootsleavingthespinalcord.Theventralrootssendinformationtothemuscle;thedorsalrootssendinformationbacktothespinalcord.Thedorsalrootscausespasticity,andifjusttherightonesaresevered，thesymptomscanbegreatlyreduced.

NearlyhalfamillionAmericanssufferfromcerebralpalsy.NotallarecandidatesforSDR,butParkestimatesthatasmanyashalfmaybe.Hegetsthebestresultswithchildrenbetweenages2and6whowerebornprematurelyandhavestiffnessonlyintheirlegs.Heisknownforperformingtheoperationveryhighupinthespine，rightwherethenerverootsexitthespinalcord.It’sriskierthatway,buttherecoveryisfaster,andinPark’sskilledhands,thesuccessrateishigher.

CindyandJeremyHickmanwilltestifytothat.Justafewweeksaftertheprocedure，twooftheirsonsarewalkingalmostnormallyandthethirdisrapidlyimproving.

1.Whenthetripletswereborn,_______.

2.Cerebralpalsyis____.

3.Therearemoreandmorecasesofcerebralpalsy_______.

4.Dr.T.S.Park____.

5.SDRisaprocedureof____.

問題1選項

A.boththetripletsandtheirmothernearlydied

B.theydidn’thavecerebralpalsy

C.doctorsdidn’tbelievetheyweregoingtosurvive

D.theyreceivedmedicalinterventionlikebrainshunts

問題2選項

A.deadlydisease

B.akindofbraindisorder

C.nottreatableforchildrenwhoareover6andhavestiffnessintheirlegs

D.tobecuredbyisolatingandcuttingofftherightnerveroots

問題3選項

A.becausetherearemoreandmoretriplets

B.becausemoreandmorebabiesprematurelybornareabletosurvive

C.sotherearemorecasesofsuccessfultreatment

D.sotherearemorecandidatesforSDR

問題4選項

A.isasuccessfulpioneerinadoptingSDRoperationsinCPtreatment

B.isfamousbecauseofhissuccesswiththetripletswhoareverydifficultcases

C.isambitiousbyhopingtodoanother1，000SDRoperations

D.isnotcautiousenoughbytakingriskstoperformtheoperationveryhighupthespine

問題5選項

A.prenatalinterventionusingdeliverypostponingtechniques

B.surgicalinterventionafterbirthtoreducespasticsymptoms

C.isolatingandseveringeitherofthetwogroupsofnerverootsleavingthespinalcord

D.greatriskandhighefficiency

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Then,afterayearofheroicinterventions—brainshunts，tracheotomies,skullremodeling…theHickmanlearnedthattheirtripletshadcerebralpalsy.”，可知三胞胎出生后，他們接受了一系列的醫(yī)療干預(yù)，比如大腦分流術(shù)、氣管切開術(shù)等等，最終得知三胞胎患有腦癱。選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句，“…cerebralpalsy，adisordercausedbydamagetothemotorcentersofthebrain.”，逗號后面是對腦癱這個名詞的解釋。選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句，“Soalthoughtheincidenceofcerebralpalsyseemstobeincreasing(becausetheoddsofpreemiessurvivingaresomuchbetter),sotooarethenumberofsuccessstories.”，括號中由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句就是對上一句的原因解釋，可知腦癱的發(fā)病率似乎在增加的原因是早產(chǎn)兒存活的幾率高。選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句,“AmongthefirsttochampionSDRintheU.S.…whohasperformedmorethan800oftheseoperationsandhopestodoanadditional1,000beforeheretires.”，可知Dr.T.S.Park是美國治療腦癱疾病中，第一批成功采用SDR手術(shù)的人。選項A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句，“Thedorsalrootscausespasticity,andifjusttherightonesaresevered，thesymptomscanbegreatlyreduced.”，上文提到SDR手術(shù)的實施過程和原理，本句是這種手術(shù)的目的和結(jié)果，可知SDR可以大大減少痙攣癥狀。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan’tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.ThepeopleofquakeruinedKobe(神戶)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodsraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtillwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggedbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.So,findingoneall-purposewarningsignisimpossible.Onereason:Quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan’tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults(斷層).Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreasFault(圣安得列斯斷層).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researchersrancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderatesizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake’senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthquakewillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquakeproofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor’sfocusinPara.3ison______.

3.It’simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause______.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe______.

問題1選項

A.Lastweek’squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists’abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled.

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

問題2選項

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures3.It’simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause______.

問題3選項

A.scientistscan’tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it’shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

問題4選項

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingsurviveanyearthquake

C.buildingsinNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe______.

問題5選項

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes:CanWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can’tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關(guān)于神戶，下面哪個陳述是正確的？”。第一段最后一句提到ThepeopleofquakeruinedKobe(神戶)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.（上周遭受地震災(zāi)害的神戶人了解到這個宣稱錯的多么離譜）可知，神戶上周發(fā)生了地震；結(jié)合文章第三段最后一句BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.（神戶地震和1994年的北嶺地震都發(fā)生在小斷層上）可知，A項“上周的地震發(fā)生在小斷層上”正確；B項“那里的人們相信科學(xué)家預(yù)測地震的能力”與原文相反；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后兩句Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.（它們可能會搖晃，但地震也意外地削弱了它們鋼骨架的關(guān)節(jié)。如果搖晃的時間更長或更強烈，建筑物可能會倒塌。）可知，C項“地震導(dǎo)致建筑物搖晃，而不是倒塌”錯誤；由文章最后一句話Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthquakewillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitored（但可以肯定的是，下一次地震將再次證明，不可能每一個斷層都被監(jiān)測到）可知，D項“可以預(yù)測到的是由于更多的研究，每一個斷層都可以監(jiān)測到”表述錯誤。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第三段中作者的重點是……”。根據(jù)第三段第一句Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.（即使發(fā)現(xiàn)了地震前兆，也不可能在所有危險的地震之前警告人類）和第三句Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.（不可能把監(jiān)測儀器都放在小斷層上面）可以推知，想要預(yù)測地震是不可能的，因此B項“預(yù)測地震的不可能性”正確；A項“需要更多的研究”、C項“更強結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計和地震前兆的發(fā)現(xiàn)”和D項“建造完全抗震的結(jié)構(gòu)的不可能性”在該段都沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“在地震中避免損害是不可能的，因為……”。由文章第二段最后一句Quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan’tstudythemdirectly.（地震發(fā)生在地球深處，所以科學(xué)家不能直接研究它們）可知，A項“科學(xué)家不能直接研究發(fā)生在地球深處的地震”正確；由第四段第二句Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures（盡管在過去的10到15年里，地震工程有了顯著的進(jìn)步，但每一次新的地震都揭示出“抗震”結(jié)構(gòu)意想不到的弱點）可知，B項“很難建造完美的抗震結(jié)構(gòu)”正確；由第三段第三句Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.（不可能把監(jiān)測儀器都放在小斷層上面）可知，C項“儀器不能放置在所有的小斷層上”也符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項“以上所有”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示……”。根據(jù)第四段第二句Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures（盡管在過去的10到15年里，地震工程有了顯著的進(jìn)步，但每一次新的地震都揭示出“抗震”結(jié)構(gòu)意想不到的弱點）可知，D項“地震工程已經(jīng)改進(jìn)到足以使結(jié)構(gòu)抵御地震”錯誤；由第五段中的Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.（但此后工程師們在幸存的120座鋼框架建筑中發(fā)現(xiàn)了隱藏的問題。這些結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該隨地球搖擺而不是坍塌。）可知，B項“鋼框架建筑可以在任何地震中存活下來”也錯誤；第五段第一句提到well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse（建造良好的建筑物通常不會倒塌），但是A項“直立很好的結(jié)構(gòu)不會倒塌”沒有提及；由IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse…Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.（另一方面，在北嶺地震中，建造良好的建筑物通常不會倒塌……它們可能會搖晃，但地震也意外地削弱了它們鋼骨架的關(guān)節(jié)。如果搖晃的時間更長或更強烈，建筑物可能會倒塌。）可推斷，C項“北嶺的建筑物可能會在更強的地震中倒塌”符合題意。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是……”。這篇文章主要講的是人類就目前的情況而言無法準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測地震以及無法非常有效的控制地震的問題；A項“自然是人類無法控制的”范圍太大，故不選；C項“預(yù)測和抑制地震的新方法和更強的結(jié)構(gòu)”太片面；D項“難道我們不能預(yù)測地震嗎？”不符合文意，故排除；只有B項“地震：我們能控制它們嗎？”符合文章的主旨大意。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

4.單選題

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefacts,unalloyed,objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemore;itmustsupplyinterpretation,themeaningofthefacts.ThisisthemostimportantassignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalismtomakecleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday,tomakeinternationalnewsasunderstandableascommunitynews,torecognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthing(withthepossibleexceptionofsuchcarelesswritingsassocietyandclubnews)as“l(fā)ocal”news,becauseanyeventintheinternationalareahaslocalreactioninmanpowerdraft,ineconomicstrain,interms,indeed,ofourverywayoflife.

Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyouengageininterpretation,youareenteringroughanddangerouswaters,theswirling(旋動的,混亂的)tidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.

Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterortheeditorshallconfinehimselftothe“facts”.Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions:Whatarethefacts?And:Arethebarefactsenough?

Astothefirstproblem,considerhowaso-called“factual”storycomesabout.Thereportercollects,say,fiftyfacts;outofthesefifty,hisspaceallotment(分配,規(guī)定)beingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallconstitutetheleadofthepiece.(Thisisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph).ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,whereithasalargeimpact,oronpagetwenty-four,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.

Thus,inthepresentationofaso-called“factual”of“objective”story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretation,inwhichthereporterandtheeditor,callingupontheirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir“newsneutralism”,arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.

Thetwoareasofjudgment,presentationofthenewsanditsinterpretation,arebothobjectiveratherthansubjectiveprocesses——asobjective,thatis,asanyhumanbeingcanbe.(Noteinpassing:eventhoughcompleteobjectivitycanneverbeachieved,neverthelesstheidealmustalwaysbetheguidetotheobscurenewschannels).Ifaneditorisintentonslantingthenews,hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatpropuphisparticularplea.Orhecandoitbytheplayhegivesastorypromotingittopageoneordemotingittopagethirty.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

2.Thewriterofanarticleselectstenoutoffiftyavailablefactsbecause（）.

3.Theauthorisimplyingthat（）.

4.Theleadsentenceshouldpresentthemostimportantfactbecause（）.

5.Oftheitemslistedbelow,whichonewouldtheauthorconsiderthemosteffectivewayof“slanting”thenews?

問題1選項

A.InterpretingtheNews

B.EverythingCounts

C.SubjectiveversusObjectiveProcesses

D.ChoosingFacts

問題2選項

A.spaceislimited

B.hiseditorisprejudiced

C.thesubjectisnotimportant

D.hewantstosimplifyacomplexstory

問題3選項

A.Inwritingafactualstory,thewritermustusejudgment

B.thewritershouldlimithimselftothefacts

C.thewritershouldmakethestoryinteresting

D.editorscontrolwhatthereporterswrite

問題4選項

A.itwillinfluencethereadertocontinue

B.somereadersdonotreadbeyondthefirstparagraph

C.itisthebestwaytowrite,accordingtotheschoolsofjournalism

D.itdetailsthegeneralattitudeofthewriter

問題5選項

A.Limitingthelengthofparticularstories.

B.Presentingbarefactswithnoindicationoftheirrealsignificance.

C.Placingthestoryinainconspicuouslocationinthenewspaper.

D.Concentratingon“l(fā)ocal”newsasopposedtoworldnews

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是對新聞的解讀,選擇事實以及主觀和客觀的過程都是屬于解讀新聞的,所以選項A最恰當(dāng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Thereportercollects,say,fiftyfacts;outofthesefifty,hisspaceallotmentbeingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.”可知,選項A符合原文。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,選項A,B,C是記者在原文中明確提及,只有選項D是作者在第四段的時候暗指的。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段“Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallconstitutetheleadofthepiece.(Thisisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph).”這是一個重要的決定,因為許多讀者讀完第一段就不會繼續(xù)讀下去了。選項B與原文表述一致。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句,如果一個編輯想要歪曲新聞,他可以用其他方法,比解讀更有效。他可以通過選擇那些支持他借口的事實來做到這一點。或者,他也可以通過他講述的故事來做到這一點——把它提升到第一頁,或者降低到第三十頁。選項C符合原文。

5.單選題

TheSmithswentintothedepartmentstoretobuythings,leavingtheircar’sengine（）over.

問題1選項

A.ticking

B.tumbling

C.turning

D.running

【答案】C

【解析】tickover進(jìn)展緩慢；tumbleover打翻；turnover發(fā)動；runover復(fù)查。句意：史密斯一家到百貨公司購物，沒有關(guān)掉車的引擎。也就是說車的引擎還發(fā)動著，選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul,thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses;tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive;theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject;thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Accordingtotheauthorsanidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

2.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson

（

）.

問題1選項

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectswithfairnessandobjectivity

D.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

問題2選項

A.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

問題3選項

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership

問題4選項

A.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

問題5選項

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thesecretofabiographer