［模擬］考研英語閱讀模擬908多項選擇Potash(theoldnameforpotassiumcarbonate)isoneofthetwoalkalis(theotherbeingsoda,sodiumcarbonate)thatwereusedfromremoteantiquityinthemakingofglass,andfromtheearlyMiddleAgesinthemakingofsoap：theformerbeingtheproductofheatingamixtureofalkaliandsand,thelatteraproductofalkaliandvegetableoil.TheirimportanceinthecommunitiesofcolonialNorthAmericaneedhardlybestressed.Potashandsodaarenotinterchangeableforallpurposes,butforglass—orsoap—makingeitherwoulddo.SodawasobtainedlargelyfromtheashesofcertainMediterraneanseaplants,potashfromthoseofinlandvegetation.HencepotashwasmorefamiliartotheearlyEuropeansettlersoftheNorthAmericancontinent.ThesettlementatJamestowninVirginiawasinmanywaysamicrocosmoftheeconomyofcolonialNorthAmerica,andpotashwasoneofitsfirstconcerns.Itwasrequiredfortheglassworks,thefirstfactoryintheBritishcolonies,andwasproducedinsufficientquantitytopermittheinclusionofpotashinthefirstcargoshippedoutofJamestown.ThesecondshiptoarriveinthesettlementfromEnglandincludedamongitspassengersexpertsinpotashmaking.Themethodofmakingpotashwassimpleenough.Logswerepiledupandburnedintheopen,andtheashescollected.Theasheswereplacedinabarrelwithholesinthebottom,andwaterwaspouredoverthem.Thesolutiondrainingfromthebarrelwasboileddowninironkettles.Theresultingmasswasfurtherheatedtofusethemassintowhatwascalledpotash.InNorthAmerica,potashmakingquicklybecameanadjuncttotheclearingoflandforagriculture,foritwasestimatedthatasmuchashalfthecostofclearinglandcouldberecoveredbythesaleofpotash.SomepotashwasexportedfromMaineandNewHampshireintheseventeenthcentury,butthemarketturnedouttobemainlydomestic,consistingmostlyofshipmentsfromthenortherntothesoutherncolonies.FordespitethebeginningofthetradeatJamestownandsuchencouragementsasaseriesofacts“toencouragethemakingofpotash,“beginningin1707inSouthcaroliana,thesoftwoodsintheSouthprovedtobepoorsourcesofthesubstance.注釋potassium(化學)鉀 alkali(化學)堿microcosm微觀世界 barrel圓桶，槍管adjunct附屬物 remote久遠的antiquity古代；古玩，古物第1題：Onwhataspectofpotashdoesthispassagemainlyfocus?itscomponentsitsimportanceintheNorthAmericancolonieshowitismadeitsdifferencesfromsoda參考答案：B答案解析：B全文的中心句在前文我們曾概括過的常見位置——首段末句"TheirimportanceinthecommunitiesofcolonialNorthAmericaneedhardlybestressed."本文屬于結構清晰的說明文本，大體呈總一一分結構，在簡介鉀堿(Potash)的制成品及其歷史后引出中心句，之后幾段則從產地、歷史、制作方法、市場等諸方面將其在北美殖民地的作用加以評述。第2題：Inthemakingofpotash,allofthefollowingareneededExcept.waterfireironwood參考答案：C答案解析：C此題較易，見文章第四段對鉀堿制作方法的介紹，木頭(log)乃是原材料，利用水將木灰加以溶解，而火則更是兩次用到，至于iron則并非材料，只是kettles的質地而已。一般不會混淆。但考生必須做到“題易人易，我不大意。”第3題：WhywaspotashmorefamiliartotheearlyEuropeansettleroftheNorthAmericancontinent?BecauseEuropeansweremorefamiliartopotash.Becausetherewasaseriesofacts“toencouragethemakingofpotash.”Becausetheydidn'tlikethetasteofsoda.Becauseofthegeologicalcircumstancesthere.參考答案：D答案解析：D細節(jié)題，詳閱第二段，蘇打主要是產自某些地中海(Mediterranean)地區(qū)海生植物的灰燼中，而鉀堿則可得自內陸植物，因而北美的自然地理條件而不是其他因素決定了早期殖民對于易于獲取原料的鉀堿更為重要，而對原料難尋的蘇打備感生疏。A項中錯誤認為歐洲人均對potash更為熟悉,B項則因果倒置,C項純屬干擾項。第4題：Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Theinventionofglassisearlierthanthatofsoap.ThecolonialNorthAmericahadalargeabroadpotishmarket.Potashmakingmadetheclearingoflandforagriculturelucrativetosomeextent.AllofthecolonialNorthAmericadidnothaveacapabilitytoproduceasufficientquantityofpotash.參考答案：B答案解析：B細節(jié)題，難度較大。A項，由于玻璃制造始于remoteantiquity,而肥皂業(yè)則是中世紀早期才開始的，因而前者歷史更為悠久；C項，最后一段第一句話講到借助于鉀堿制造可以使農業(yè)中清理土地的費用節(jié)省至少一半；因而從某種意義而言有利可圖了(tosomeextentlucrative)；D項的關鍵在于“all...not…”的理解，意指“并非整個北美殖民地都擁有大量生產鉀堿的能力”；B項錯在與文末的“butthemarketturnedouttobemainlydomestic.(Line4Para5)相矛盾，由于木質偏軟，南部殖民地不具生產能力。第5題：Theword“adjunct”inthefirstlineofthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto.additionactivationalternationassociation參考答案：A答案解析：Aadjunct是“附加品，附屬物，附件”的意思，根據(jù)上下文不難判斷出“鉀堿制造”與“清理土地”間的關系，從而不難選出A。Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalledafootwearforyuppies”.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren，sshoesfortheunder_18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheup-market(高檔消費人群的)retailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany，sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok，sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.(331)LReebok銳步國際公司，是一家國際大型體育用品公司stylish[n.]漂亮的，流行的footwearforyuppies雅皮士們穿的鞋子。雅皮土是美國城市職業(yè)階層中的年輕人士，這個詞由YoungUrbanProfessional首字母縮拼加詞尾而成。appealto投合 的心意；引起 的興趣aerobics[n.]有氧運動法，增氧健身法，多指跑步、游泳等增強心肺循環(huán)功能的運動hikingboots旅游鞋specialty[n.]特制品toimposelimitsonsth.限制 第6題：OnereasonwhyReebok'smanagerialpersonneldon'tliketheirshoestobecalledwfootwearforyuppieswisthattheybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroups.newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoes.”yuppies“usuallyevokesanegativeimage.thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices.參考答案：A答案解析：A事實辨認題。題意是:Reebok經理層不喜歡他們的鞋被稱作雅皮士的鞋的一個原因是什么。文章第一段第二句說：“他們爭辯道，Reebok的鞋適合于不同的消費者，尤其是現(xiàn)代公司生產出籃球鞋和適合于18歲以下孩子穿的鞋以及適合于對健身操和跑步不感興趣的老年人的散步鞋。”故本題選A。B項側重公司的生產策略，故不妥。第7題：Reebok,sviewthatuconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution”(Line5,Para.2)impliesthatthequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingit.thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributors.thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellit.consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhighqualitystores.參考答案：D答案解析：D推斷題。題意是:Reebok認為“消費者根據(jù)銷售商的檔次來判斷品牌的質量”是什么意思、。回答依據(jù)第二段最后一句話：“Reebok鞋將繼續(xù)在上檔次的專賣店、體育用品店及百貨公司銷售，因為公司認為顧客會根據(jù)銷售商的檔次來判斷某種品牌商品的質量。”故本題選D。第8題：ReebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecauseA.itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemand.B.toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofits.thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarket.itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts.參考答案：A答窠解析：A推斷題。題意是:Reebok曾經不得不限制其分銷商的數(shù)量是因為什么。正確回答本題的依據(jù)在第三段的前兩句話：“在過去的幾年中，設在麻省的公司總部對其分銷商的數(shù)量采取了限制措施(另外對提供給商店的鞋的數(shù)量也進行了限制），這其中部分是因為需要的緣故。有時，對Reebok鞋出乎意料的需求會超過市場的供應，公司幾乎滿足不了原有分銷商的訂單要求。”據(jù)此，我們可知A是本題的正確答案。第9題：AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,itdoesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetwork.B.stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores.C.isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproducts.D.stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts.參考答案：C答案解析：C推斷題。題意是“雖然Reebok公司已經解決了供不應求的問題，但是仍然怎么樣”。文章第三段談到公司仍然嚴格挑選著他們的分銷商，因此正好與答案C吻合。題干中的although與短文第三段倒數(shù)第二句的but相呼應。選項C中的isparticularabout與原文第三段中的isstillselectiveabout意思相同，都意為“挑剔的”。第10題：WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike，sdistributionproblems?Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.參考答案：D答案解析：D推斷題。題意是:Reebok公司從Nike的分銷問題上得到了什么教訓。文章最后一段的后半部分指出：通過產品多樣化和市場調查，Reebok希望避免Nike公司幾年以前出現(xiàn)的情況，當時Nike公司錯誤判斷了健身鞋銷售的狂熱而導致最后不得不通過打折店來處理跑步鞋的大量存貨。因此從Nike鞋的分銷問題上可看出一個公司應該正確估計流行熱點對市場的影響力。答案為DoThemosteasilyrecognizablemeteoritesaretheironvariety,althoughtheyonlyrepresentabout5percentofallmeteoritefalls.Theyarecomposedofironandnickelalongwithsulfur,carbon,andtracesofotherelements.TheircompositionisthoughttobesimilartothatofEarth,sironcore,andindeedtheymighthaveoncemadeupthecoreofalargeplanetoidthatdisintegratedlongago.Duetotheirdensestructure,ironmeteoriteshavethebestchanceofsurvivinganimpact,andmostarefoundbyfarmersplowingtheirfields.

OneofthebesthuntinggroundsformeteoritesisontheglaciersofAntarctica,wherethedarkstonesstandoutin[stark]contrasttothewhitesnowandice.Whenmeteoritesfallonthecontinent,theyareembeddedinthemovingicesheets.Atplaceswheretheglaciersmoveupwardagainstmountainranges,meteoritesareleftexposedonthesurface.SomeofthemeteoritesthathavelandedinAntarcticaarebelievedtohavecomefromtheMoonandevenasfarawayasMars,whenlargeimpactsblastedoutchunksofmaterialandhurledthemtowardEarth.Perhapstheworld，slargestsourceofmeteoritesistheNullarborPlain,anareaoflimestonethatstretchesfor400milesalongthesoutherncoastofWesternandSouthAustralia.Thepale,smoothdesertplainprovidesaperfectbackdropforspottingmeteorites,whichareusuallydarkbrownofblack.Sinceverylittleerosiontakesplace,themeteoritesarewellpreservedandarefoundjustwheretheylanded.Over1,000fragmentsfrom150meteoritesthatfellduringthelast20000yearshavebeenrecovered.Onelargeironmeteorite,calledtheMundrabillameteorite,weighedmorethan11tons.Stonymeteorites,calledchondrites,arethemostcommontypeandmakeupmorethan90percentofallfalls.ButbecausetheyaresimilartoEarthmaterialsandthereforeerodeeasily,theyareoftendifficulttofind.AmongthemostancientbodiesinthesolarsystemarethecarbonaceouschondritesthatalsocontaincarboncompoundsthatmighthavebeentheprecursorsoflifeonEarth.注釋recognizable注釋recognizable可辨認的nickel銀planetoid小行星glacier冰川blast吹；摧毀hurl投，擲backdrop背景erode侵蝕，腐蝕carbonaceous碳的；含碳的precursor先驅；前兆；前輩meteorite隕石；流星

sulfur硫磺disintegrate風化；瓦解embed埋入，嵌于chunk厚木頭；矮胖之人limestone石灰石erosion侵蝕；腐蝕solar太陽的compound使混合；增加第11題：whatisthemainpointofthispassage?A.TheprecursorsoflifeonEarth.FindingmeteoritesonEarth，ssurface.ThemysteriousAntarcticaandtheNullarborPlain.ThecompositionofMeteorites.參考答案：B答案解析：B考查主題，本文先講到鐵質隕石的有關情況，然后在二、三段分別論及地球上探研（鐵質）隕石的兩大理想去處一一南極洲與澳大利亞Nullarbor平原，最后提及石質隕石特質及其在生命起源研究中的意義。綜觀全文，可見B項精確地點出了文章主旨。第12題：Underlinedinthesecondline,secondparagraph,theword“stark”canbestbereplacedby.vividmeaningfulinterestingvague參考答案：A答案解析：Astark指clearlyobvioustotheeyeorthemind,指“顯而易見,鮮明的,明擺著的"，與vivid最為接近。instarkcontrast為固定搭配“成鮮明對比”.這里指黝黑的隕石與白色的冰川、雪堆構成的對比，擁有一定詞匯量并結合上下文則不難選出。第13題:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?Chondritesarelesslikelytobediscoveredthanironmeteorites.TheMundrabillameteoriteistheheaviestmeteoriteeverfallentotheEarth.Maybetheworld，slargestsourceofmeteoritesistheNullarborPlain,Antarctic.Theironvarietyaremosteasilyrecognizablemeteoritesbecausetheymakeupthelargestpartofallfalls.參考答案：A答案解析：A細節(jié)題較難，A項正確，見最后一段“ButbecausetheyaresimiliartoEarthmaterialsandthereforeerodeeasily,theyareoftendifficulttofind.”而文章開門見山即指出鐵質隕石雖僅占隕石總量約5%,都是"themosteasilyrecognizablemeteorites,”據(jù)此也不難排除D,B項，文中從未提及Mundrabilla是世界上現(xiàn)存最重的隕石。C項則錯在最后一詞"Antarctic"上。因而做細節(jié)題須倍加細心！第14題：Whydoestheauthormentioncarbonaceouschondrites(Line4,Para4)?Theyaremostlikelytobefoundwhole.Theycomefromouterspace,evenoutofthesolarsysterm.TheymayberelatedtotheoriginsoflifeonEarth.Theymighthavemadeupthecoreofaplanetoid.參考答案：C答案解析：C見文章最后一句話:“Amongthemostancientbodies。??thatmighthavebeentheprecursorsoflifeonEarth.w"precursorw指"前驅、先驅、前輩”，依構詞法"pre-"及關鍵詞"lifeonEarth"不難選出正確答案。第15?：Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedtoberesponsibleforthepoorperservationofmeteoritesthatfalltoEarth?ErosionImpactC.SunkintoseaD.Temperature參考答案：D答案解析：D細節(jié)題，較難。A項erosion實為隕石得以保存之最大敵人，絕大部分石質隕石因為腐蝕難以找尋（最后一段）；B項（撞擊）見第一段第6行"havethebestchanceofsurvivinganimpactw若碎塊太小則不易發(fā)現(xiàn);C項最具干擾性，事實上，降落到地球表面的絕大多數(shù)隕石均降入海洋（因為其面積的巨大優(yōu)勢，在文中第三段南極洲一節(jié)也有過微弱暗示：“Whenmeteoritesfallonthecontinent...w；D項“溫度”全文未有提及。Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox“hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar（1861-1865）,asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.Butasearlyas1803,aningeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,Mooreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproductscool.注釋rudimentary初步的；基本的 premium保險費，額外費用insulation隔離,絕緣 refrigerator冰箱commensense常識 tub小圓桶butter黃油第16題：What，sthepassagemainlytalkingabout?theuseoficeintheunitedstatestheorigineoftheword“icebox”thedevelopmentofrefrigerationin19thcenturyhowtomakeanefficienticebox參考答案：C答案解析：C這里考查考生對篇章整體內容的把握，文章由“icebox”一詞引出“ice”在美國人生活中用途的擴展概況，也交待了在現(xiàn)代“efficienticebox”出現(xiàn)前的冷藏技術，但限于19世紀。比較各選項，可知C較切合。第17題：Inthefirstparagraph,someiceawenttofamiliesfortheirownuse”,what'sthesentenceusedfor?Itbegantoaffectthedietofthefamilies.It，susedtorefrigeratorfreightgoods.C.It'susedforhouseholduse.D.It'susedtokeeptheirproductscool.參考答案：C答案解析：C細節(jié)題。在原文中，該句的前一句說"italsocameintohouseholduse.”，而后面又解釋成為可能的原因是“anewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox...hadbeeninvented.D項過于具體，并不全面。A、B與原文不符，C項是正確的。第18題：In19thcentury,makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose,themainreasonwas.theknowledgeofthephysicsofheatwasinadequate.thecommonsensenotionofthebesticeboxwaswrong.earlyeffortswenttoawrongdirection.themanof19thcenturywasnotascleveraswearenow.參考答案：A答案解析：A這實際上也是對原文細節(jié)的解釋，原文中說："theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whicewasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.關鍵就在于"rudimentaryv這個詞，其意思是初步的，未發(fā)展的，這正是原因所在，B、C不如說是結果，D項本身有問題。第19題：Accordingtothepassage,theprecursorofthemodernrefrigeratorfirstcameoutin.1803mid-nineteenthcenturyC.1865-1880D.theendofnineteenthcentury參考答案：C答案解析：C這是一道時間方面的推斷題，文中雖無明文，但據(jù)上下文可以得到答案。A項迷惑性較強，但文中說冰塊1865后(Afterthecivilwar)才開始進入家用，在1880年以前就有相當部分的冰塊在用于此途，而這成為可能是因為“icebox”的發(fā)明，它正是現(xiàn)代冰箱的先驅。第20題：Fromthispassagewecouldsaythat.A.theingeniousfarmerThomasMoore,wastheinventoroficebox,whichwasaprecursorofmodernrefrigeratorB.onadvantageofhisicebox,ThomasMoorecouldmonopolythebuttermarket.byusingicebox,ThomasMooredefeatedallhiscompetitors.theeffecttodevelopanefficienticeboxistomeettheneedofrefrigeration.參考答案：D答案解析：D這是一道推斷題，要依據(jù)原文又不限于原文。A項與第4題呼應，構成較大迷惑性，但它不合文中事實，B和C文中不曾提到，因此不能肯定，D可以說是一項基本規(guī)律，也是通Itistheyear2050,andAprilblizzardshavegrippedsouthernEnglandforthethirdsuccessiveyearwhileviolentstormsbattertheNorthSeacoast.TheGulfStream,whosewarmingwatersonceheatedourshores,haslongsincedisappeared,destroyedbyadelugepouringsouthfromthemeltingArcticicecap.IntheUnitedStates,muchofAlaskahasturnedintoaquagmireaspermafrostandglaciersdisintegrate.InColorado,chairliftpylonsstandrustinginthewarmdrizzle,remindersthatthenationoncesupportedabilliondollarskiindustry,whiletheremnantsofFloridaaredeclaredAmerica，ssecondislandstate.Africaisfaringbadly.ItscoastlinefromCairotoLagosiscompletelyfoldedandmanyofthemajorcitieshavebeenabandoned.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtofleeandarestrugglingtosurviveinaparched,waterlessinterior.InAsiathereissimilar,terrifyingpicture.BangladeshisalmosttotallyinundatedandtheEastIndieshavebeenreducedtoafewscrappyislands.Tensofmillionsstandonthebrinkofdeath.Itisastartlingscenarioworthyofasciencefictiondisasterfilm.Anditwouldbeeasytodismiss,wereitnotfortheuncomfortablefactthatthesevisionsaretheresultofrigorousscientificanalysisbysomeoftheworld，smostdistinguishedclimatologists.AstheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)pointsoutinitsrecentClimateChange2001report,globalwarmingislikelytotriggeracascadeofunpleasanteffects:elderlypeoplewillsufferanddieinsmoggy,pollutedcities；cropswillfail；andwildlifeandlivestockwillperishonascorchedandmiserableplanet.Thatreportwasthecombinedworkofseveralthousandoftheworld，sleadingmeteorologicalexpertsandscientistswhoseviewsGeorgeBushhasnowdismissedas“questionable”andwhoseworkincreatingtheKyotoprotocolhasbeenutterlyundone.TheUSdecisiontopulloutoftheinternationalaccordonclimatechangehascausedpredictableinternationalalarm.Kyotomerelypledgeddevelopedcountriestorestricttheirindustrialoutput.aItwasanexcellentfirststeptowardsreversingclimatechange,“accordingtoSouthamptonUniversity，sprofessorNigelArnell.Kyotowas,ineffect,astatementofintent.Theindustrialnationswhichhad,afterall,initiatedtheproblemofglobalwarming,wouldshowtheircommitmentbymakingthefirstcrucial,self-sacrificingmoves.ThentheThirdWorldcouldbedrawnin,andthefirstdecreasesincarbondioxideemissionsagreedoverthenextfewyears."Bushhasnowmadetheattainmentofthesenextcrucialstepsmuchmoredifficult,“saysArnell.Infact,mostexpertsbelievehehasmadethemimpossible.IftheWestwon，tact,whyshouldtherestoftheworld?（447）blizzards［n.］暴風雪deluge［nJ洪水，暴雨［v.］使泛濫，淹，浸，壓倒quagmire［n.］沼澤，濕地permafrost［n.］［地］永久凍結帶chairlift送滑雪人上山的升降椅pylons［n.］塔門，路標塔rust［vt.］（使）生銹remnants［n.］殘余,剩余,零料,殘跡［adj.］剩余的,殘留的inundate［v.］淹沒scrappy［adj.］細小的,碎屑的，（看似）零散的；雜亂無章的scenario［n.］想定cascade［n.］小瀑布，噴流fare［vi.］遭遇，進展，進步，經營，過活Kyotoprotocol《京都議定書》第21題：Whatisincorrectaccordingtoparagraph1?TheblizzardshavegrippedsouthernEnglandfor3years.TheblizzardswilltakeplaceinApril2050.ViolentstormsbattertheNorthSeacoastinApril2050.TheGulfStreamhasbeendestroyedbytheyear2050.參考答案：B答案解析：B推斷題。從文章第一段的內容可知其余三項都是對的。唯一沒有提到的就是暴風雪何時開始爆發(fā)的。故選擇B。第22題：Wecaninferfromthepassagethatin2050FloridawillbecomeAmerica，ssecondislandstate.floodswilldestroythewholeAfricatensofmillionsofpeoplewilldiein2050.globalwarmingwillleadtoacatastropheforthewholehumanworld.參考答案：D答案解析：D推斷題。備選答案A、B、C在文中都是直接描述的，從這些可以推斷出環(huán)境的破壞都是由全球變暖引起的，全球變暖會導致人類世界的災難。故選擇D。第23題：Whatthefollowingstatementiscorrectaccordingtoparagraphfive?A.Thesituationmentionedaboveisjustastartlingscenarioofadisasterfilm.Itisunnecessarytopaymuchattentiontotheimaginaryscenario.Weshouldtreatthescenarioseriouslybecauseittheannalisticresultoftheworld，smostdistinguishedclimatologists.Theclimatologistswouldliketoproduceadisasterfilmaccordingtotheirannalisticresult.參考答案：C答案解析：C推斷題。第5段的"Anditwouldbeeasytodismiss,wereitnotfortheuncomfortablefactthat---v是虛擬句，意思是：要不是這些情形是世界最著名的一些氣候學家經過嚴格的科學分析得出的結果，人們會很輕易的對它不屑一顧。故選擇C。第24題：Concerningtheglobalclimate,theIPCCdidNOT.workoutaClimateChange2001reportpointoutalotofunpleasanteffectsledbyglobalwarminginthereportplantocreatetheKyotoprotocolallthinkGeorgeBushshoulddismisstheirviews參考答案：D答案解析：D細節(jié)題。文章中提到政府間氣候變化研究小組提交了《2001年氣候變化》的報告，指出全球變暖可能會引發(fā)一些令人不快的結果，他們還著手創(chuàng)設《京都議定書》，但喬治?布什認為科學家們的觀點有問題，因而不予考慮，而科學家們創(chuàng)設《京都議定書》的工作也已被全部取消。此題考察考生對whose引導的定語結構的理解是否正確。第25題：WhichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrectaboutKyotoprotocol?Itisthefirstmovetowardsreversingclimatechange.Itsuggeststhedevelopedcountriestaketheinitiativetosolvetheproblemofglobalwarming.Itismerelyconfinedtopoorcountries.ItintentstorestrictdevelopedcountriesemissionsofexhaustgasfirstandthentodrawtheThirdWorldintoprotecttheenvironment.參考答案：C答案解析：c 推斷題。《京都議定書》是一份意向聲明，主要是想讓發(fā)達國家先對環(huán)境保護采取行動，然后第三世界國家加入。故選擇C。CanyouimaginethereactionofEuropeanexplorerstotheNativeAmericanpeoplesandculturestheyencounteredonfirstreachingtheNewWorld?Andviceversa?ChristopherColumbusrecordedhisimpressionsinhisdiary,remarkingthatthefirstlocalshemetwere"sopeaceful***theylovetheirneighborsasthemselves；andtheirdiscourseiseversweetandgentle,andaccompaniedbyasmile.”EuropeansfoundthemusicoftheactiveAmericansquiteforeigntotheirears,notingthehighlyrepetitiousnatureoftheirsongs,theuseofvocables(sungsyllablesthatlackliteralmeaning),andthesometimeshigh,piercingvocalquality(sungbymalesinfalsetto,atechniquebywhichtheycansingabovetheirnormalvocalrange).TheEnglishexplorerCaptainJohnSmith(1580-1630)describedtheinstrumentshesawamongthelocalsofeasternVirginia.Fortheirmusicke,theyuseathickecane,onwhichtheypipeasonaRecorder.Fortheirwarres,theyhaveagreatdeepplatterofwood.Theycoverthemouththereofwithaskin???thattheymaybeatuponadrumme,ButthierchiefeinstrumentsareRattelsmadeofsmallgourdsorPumpion[pumpkin]shels.OfthesetheyhaveBase,Tenor,Countertenor,MeaneandTrible.Thusthisparticulartribehadflute—orwhistle-likeinstruments(oftheaerophonecategory)fashionedfromcane,drumsmadefromhollowedtreesoverwhichanimalskinswerestretched(membranophones),andrattlesofwidelyvaryingsizesmadefromgourdsoranimalhorns(idiophones).TheuseofthelattertwocategoriesofinstrumentstypifiedthemusicsofmanyNativeAmericannations.TherewerefrequentoccasionsformusicmakingamongtheNativeAmericans.Theirsongstoldofloveandwar,theharvestandthehunt,birth,marriage,death,anddeities.Forexample,themusicoftheIroquoiantribes(ofsoutheasternCanadaandthenortheasternUnitedStates)wasorganizedaroundtheiragriculturalyear；onesong,theCornDance,wassungtothefemalecornspirittoencouragethegrowthoftheirmostimportantcrop.ThePlainstribeswelcomedthesummercropswiththeSunDance,whilethePacificCoasttribesperformedaMysteryDancetohonortheregenerationofnatureinspring.Smithhadtheopportunitytoobserveceremonialritualsofone

tribeinVirginia:"TheirdevotionwasmostinsongsinwhichthechiefePriestbeginnethandtherestfollowedhim."Thiscal1-and-responseexchange,muchliketheresponsorialsiningwehavenotedinearlychurchmusic,isastylethathasdevelopedinthemusicsofmanyworldcultures.Unlikesomeencounterswewillobserve,relativelylittlecrossinfluenceofstylestookplacebetweenNativeAmericansandEuropeansduringtheseventeenthcentury,perhapsbecausethetwoculturesweresoprofoundlydifferent.ThemusicofNativeAmericanshasbeenpreservedlargelythroughoraltraditionwithintheirindividualcultures.Inourowncentury,therehasbeenalotofstylisticcross-fertilization.owncentury,YoungNativeAmericanslistentothesamerockandcountry/westernmusicasyouthsofEuropean,African,orAsianheritage,whileafewNativeAmericanshavebroughttheirmusictoawideraudience.Forexample,flutistR.CarlosNakai(ofNavaho-Uteheritage)hascombinedhisnativemusicaltraditionswiththoseofEuropeanartmusicandhasmadehauntingrecordingsthatlisteners.注釋repetitivemadehauntingrecordingsthatlisteners.注釋repetitive重復的musicke(古英語)=musictypify代表，作 的典型regeneration新生fertilization施肥havecapturedtheimaginationofmanyfalsetto假聲唱法thicke（古英語）=thick

deity神性；神的地位stylistic文體的，關于文體的第26題：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueconcerningEuropeanexplorers，reactiontotheNativeAmericanpeoplesandculturesandviceversa?TheEuropeanexplorersadmiredthepeacefulnessofthelocalcommunities.Thenativesshowedconsiderablefriendlinesstotheearlysettlers.Therewer