TranslationDirections：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish．YoushoumwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2．(1)位于中國西南部云南省的麗江古城是中國保存最完整、最具民族特色的古城鎮(zhèn)之一，同時也是享譽(yù)中外的世界級旅游文化名城。麗江地處云南、四川、西藏三省交匯處。公路四通八達(dá)(extendingina|directions)。麗江有多個汽車客運(yùn)站，公路交通極為方便。游客在麗江古城閑逛，步行即可。當(dāng)然也可乘坐出租車，起步價7元，每公里加價1．8元。如果在旅游旺季前往麗江旅行，一定要在出發(fā)前預(yù)定好房間。參考譯文TheOldTownofLijiangatSouthwestChina’sYunnanProvinceisoneoftheancienttownsinChinathatarebestpreservedandhavemostethicalcharacteristics．It’salsoaworld．classtouristattractionwithexcellentfamehomeandabroad．LijiangislocatedattheintersectionofYunnan，SichuanandTibetprovinces，withhighwaysextendinginalldirections．ThereareanumberofbusterminalsinLijiang，withgreatconvenienceofroadtraffic．TouristsmaytakeatouroftheOldTownofLijiangbyeasystrollonfoot．Taxiesarecertainlyavailableaswell，withminimumchargeat7RMBYuan．a(chǎn)ndextral．8RMBYuanforeachadditionallkilometer．IfonevisitsLijiangatpeakseasonoftourism，onemustbookhotelroominadvance．(2)對于每個來北京旅游的游客來說，一定不可錯過的美食無疑是北京烤鴨(Beijingroastduck)。烤鴨是具有世界聲譽(yù)的北京著名菜式，由中國漢族人研制于明朝。在當(dāng)時是宮廷食品。北京烤鴨既美昧又健康，也符合各民族人民的飲食習(xí)慣。2008年北京奧運(yùn)會期間，北京烤鴨與中國水餃一起被納入奧運(yùn)菜單之中，受到了世界各國運(yùn)動員的熱烈追捧。在奧運(yùn)村,平均每天要吃掉700只左右的北京烤鴨。參考譯文ForeverytouristwhocomestoBeijin9，Beijingroastduckisundoubtedlyamust-not-misscuisine．RoastDuckisaworld-renownedBeijingspecialcuisine，developedbyChineseHanpeopleintheMingDynasty，andservedasroyalfoodatthattime．Beijingroastduckisbothdeliciousandgoodforhealth．ItalsomeetstheeatinghabitsofallethnicpeoplesinChina．Duringthetimeof2008BeijingOlympicGames，BeijingRoastDuckandChinesedumplingswereinductedintoChineseOlympicmenu，andmuchlovedbyathletesfromallovertheworld．IntheOlympicVillage，about700BeijingRoastDuckswereconsumedeverydayonaverage．(3)杭州位于中國東南沿海，是中國的“絲綢之府”(theHomeofSiIk)。意大利著名旅行家馬可-波羅贊嘆杭州為“世界上最美麗的華貴之城”。西湖位于杭州西部，以秀麗的湖光山色和眾多的名勝古跡聞名中外。它是為數(shù)不多的免費(fèi)5A景區(qū)。春夏秋冬都有其獨(dú)特的魅力。飯后漫步西湖，看一看音樂噴泉，聽一聽街頭彈奏，是一件愜意的事情。參考譯文Hangzhou，locatedatsoutheastcoastofChina，is“theHomeofSilk”inChina．ThefamousItaliantravelerMarcoPolopraisedHangzhouas“themostbeautifulandluxuriouscityintheworld．”WestLakeinthewestofHangzhou，isfamousallovertheworldforbeautifullakesandmountainsbesidesnumerousrenownedattractions．Itisoneofthefewfree5A-rankscenicspots．WestLakehasitsownuniquecharminallseasons．It’sapleasantrecreationtowalkatthelakeafterdinner,takealookatmusicfountain，orlistentomusicperformanceonstreets．(4)蒙古族是一個富有傳奇色彩的民族，對亞歐歷史進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生過巨大的影響。全球蒙古民族共約有820萬，主要分布在中國、蒙古國、俄羅斯三個國家。蒙古族服飾包括長袍、腰帶、靴子、首飾等，但因地區(qū)不同在樣式上有所差異。中國境內(nèi)的蒙古族主要居住在內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)，全區(qū)現(xiàn)有蒙古族人口約達(dá)380萬。自古以來，蒙古族人善于騎射，素有“馬背上的民族”(thePeopIeonHorseback)之稱。參考譯文MongoliaisalegendarynationthatoncehadhugeimpactonthehistoryofasiaandEurope。Thereareabout8．2millionMongolianpeopleintotalinthewholeworld．TheyaremainlydistributedinthethreecountriesofChina，MongoliaandRussia．Mongoliancostumesincluderobes，belts，boots，jewelry,etc．，thatvaryindifferentstylesindifferentregions．MongolianswholiveintheterritoryofChinamainlyresideinInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion，inwhichtherealeabout3．8millionMongolianpeople．Sinceancienttimes，Mongolianpeoplealegoodatridingandshooting．Theyareknownas“thePeopleonHorseback”．(5)潑水節(jié)(Water-Sprink|ingFestiva|)是傣族最隆重的節(jié)日，也可以稱之為傣族的“新年”。潑水節(jié)已有700多年的歷史，一般在每年的4月13日舉行，持續(xù)3至7天。大家用純凈的清水相互潑灑，祈求洗去過去一年的不順，新的一年帶著美好的愿望再次出發(fā)。人們把第三天視為最美好最吉祥的日子。在這天，人們觀看龍舟競賽，跳孔雀舞。活動內(nèi)容豐富，場面極為熱鬧。除了我國傣族，亞洲其他國家，如泰國，也有慶祝潑水節(jié)的習(xí)俗。參考譯文Water-SprinklingFestival(Songkran)isthemostimportantfestivaloftheDaiEthnicPeople，whichcanbealsocalled‘'NewYear”ofDaiPeople．Songkranhasover700yearsofhistory．It’sgenerallyheldonApril13eachyearandlastsabout3-7days．Peoplesplasheachotherwithpurewater,towashawaythebadluckinthepastyear,soastostartagainwithgoodwishesforthenewyear．Thethirddayistakenasthemostwonderfulandauspiciousday．Onthisday，peoplewatchdragonboatraces，andperformPeacockdances，withabundantactivitiesoffestivalhappiness．InadditiontotheDaipeopleinChina，SongkranFestivalisalsoobservedbyotherAsiancountriesincludingThailand．(6)隨著人口老齡化增長趨勢的日益顯現(xiàn)，空巢老人中存在的問題也逐漸突出，關(guān)愛空巢老人越來越成為人們關(guān)注的話題。空巢老人是指那些孩子不在身邊、獨(dú)自居住的老年人。他們?nèi)鄙偌胰岁P(guān)愛，生活寂寞。因為孩子們長時間不回家，家庭如同空巢一般。這些老人們很容易產(chǎn)生不良情緒。作為子女，即使遠(yuǎn)在異地，也應(yīng)經(jīng)常通過電話與父母進(jìn)行感情和思想的交流。參考譯文Withtheincreasinglyapparenttrendofagingpopulation，empty-nestelderlybecomeincreasingconcernsforpeople．Caringaboutlonelyeldersbecometopicsofincreasingconcern．Eldersofemptynestrefertothoselonelyelderswholivebythemselveswithouttheirchildrennearby．Theylackinfamilyloveandliveinloneliness．Sincetheirchildrenarenotwiththemforlong，theirhomeslooklikeemptynests．Theseeldersareapttohavenegativeemotions．Forthechildrenofelders，thoughlivingfaraway,it’sincumbentforthemtokeepregularcommunicationwiththeirparentsontheirfeelingsandthoughts．(7)外國媒體評選出十大最愛喝酒的國家，英國排在第一位。而中國則排在第二位。不可否認(rèn)，全世界都有酒的文化。在各種社交中，飲酒往往是最常見的一種方式。酒的種類有很多。白酒在我國有著非常久遠(yuǎn)的文化，也是現(xiàn)代人聚會餐桌上不可缺少的東西。適當(dāng)?shù)暮染茖ι眢w有好處，但飲酒過量甚至酗酒，對身體也會造成極大的傷害。參考譯文Foreignmediahaveselectedtop10countriesfondofdrinking，withtheUnitedKingdomrankedfirst，whileChinacominginsecondplace．Undoubtedly,wineculturespreadsallovertheworld．Alcoholdrinkingisoftenoneofthemostcommonwaysinvarioussocialactivities．Therearemanytypesofwine．ChineseliquorhasverylonghistoryinChina．Itisalsoanessentialdrinkattimeofparties．Adequatedrinkingmaybegoodforhealth，butexcessivedrinkingoralcoholismcandogreatharmtoourbody．(8)談起我國的吉祥藝術(shù)。不得不提鼻煙壺(SnuffbottIe)。盡管它的歷史不長，卻濃縮了歷史悠久的中國傳統(tǒng)文化；盡管鼻煙是舶來品，但鼻煙壺經(jīng)過中國能工巧匠的精心打造，很快便成為一個獨(dú)立的、嶄新的工藝術(shù)美術(shù)品種；盡管它很袖珍，但集多種工藝之大成，被廣大收藏愛好者視為珍貴文玩。鼻煙壺所蘊(yùn)含的吉祥文化，不僅在裝飾中表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致，而且還表現(xiàn)在材質(zhì)、造型等方面。參考譯文Snuffbottleisamust-be-mentioneditemintermsofartofmascotinChina．Despiteitsshorthistory,itconcentratesthefeaturesoftraditionalChineseculturewithlonghistory．Snuffbottleoriginatedfromabroad，butitquicklybecameanindependentnewworkofartwithmeticulouseffortsbyChinesecraftsmen．Itlookssmall，butintegratestheculminationofavarietyoftechniques，andisdeemedbymanycollectorstobevaluableartwork．Snuffbottleimpliesauspiciousculture，whichisnotonlyvividlydisplayedindecoration，butalsoinmaterials，shapesandSOon．(9)故宮(Forbiddenoity)是世界上規(guī)模最大、保存最完整的帝王宮殿建筑群。它位于北京的中心，是明清兩朝的皇宮。明朝的十四個皇帝和清朝的十個皇帝曾在這里居住，他們統(tǒng)治中國的時間長達(dá)491年。故宮始建于明朝永樂四年，歷經(jīng)15年方才建成，迄今已有570多年的歷史。它占地72萬多平方米，四周有各類宮殿房屋9900余間。故宮的建筑集中地體現(xiàn)了中國古代建筑藝術(shù)的精湛水平和民族特色。參考譯文ForbiddenCityistheworld’Slargestandbestpreservedimperialpalacecomplex．ItislocatedinthecenterofBeijing，andservedasthePalacefortheMingandQingdynasties．14emperorsoftheMingdynastyand10emperorsoftheQingdynastyoncelivedhere．TheyruledChinaforupto491yearsintotal．ConstructionoftheImperialPalacestartedinthe4thyearofYonglereignofMingDynasty,andittook15yearstofinishtheconstruction．Ithasbeenstandingthereformorethan570yearsbynow．Thecomplexcoversmorethan720，000squaremeters，withmorethan9．900roomsinthesurroundin9．SophisticatedartofancientChinesearchitectureandnationalwisdomisintegratedinthebuildingsoftheImperialPalace．(10)微博，即微型博客(microbIog)，一般長度不超過140字，可以通過電腦或手機(jī)更新內(nèi)容或查看頁面。通過電腦，當(dāng)然，更多地是通過手機(jī)，在等車、散步或者發(fā)呆的時候，人們即可完成與他人的溝通。有網(wǎng)友留言說，在微博上，每個人都是記錄者和關(guān)注者。任何人都可以用網(wǎng)絡(luò)或者手機(jī)，在最短的時間內(nèi)，發(fā)布任何想說的話。微博的流行彌補(bǔ)了被快節(jié)奏的現(xiàn)代生活所撕裂的人際關(guān)系。參考譯文Weibo，namelymicroblog，generallynolongerthan140words，canbeupdatedorvisitedthroughcomputersormobiles．Throughcomputers，orthroughmobilesasdonebymorepeople，communicationisdonebetweenpeoplewhentheyarewaitingforvehicles，walkingorlostintrance．Somenetizenspostthemessagethateverybodyisabloggerandfolloweronmicroblog，AnyonecanusetheInternetormobilephonetopublishwhattheywanttospeakintheshortestpossibletime．Popularizationofmicroblogsmakeupinterpersonalrelationshipsthataretornupbythefastpaceofmodernlife．(11)古代絲綢之路(si|kRoad)曾是中西陸路交通、文化交流的大動脈。遠(yuǎn)在公元前五世紀(jì)，中國絲綢就傳到了希臘等遙遠(yuǎn)的西方國家。中華民族在綿延幾千年為世界人民提供著絢美華貴(beautifu|ande|egant)的絲綢產(chǎn)品，為世界做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。絲綢之路，作為中國大西北的主要旅游路線，經(jīng)過十幾年的開發(fā)和建設(shè)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施正在完善，已經(jīng)成為中國諸多旅游產(chǎn)品中極具吸引力的一條主題線路。參考譯文AncientSilkRoadwasthemainarteryoflandtransportandculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandtheWesternWorld．AsearlyasinthefifthcenturyBC，ChinesesilkspreadtodistantWesterncountriesincludingGreece．Inthousandsofyearsofhistory,Chinesenationprovidebeautifulandelegantsilkproductstotheworld，makingtremendouscontributionstotheworld．Aftermorethantenyearsofdevelopmentandconstruction，SilkRoad，asamaintouristrouteinnorthwestChina，enjoysgreatimprovementofinfrastructure，andhasbecomeoneofmanyattractivetourismthemesinChina．(12)中國高速客運(yùn)鐵路。常被簡稱為“中國高鐵”。它作為現(xiàn)代社會的一種新的運(yùn)輸方式。有著運(yùn)載能力大、運(yùn)輸效率高、運(yùn)行速度快、節(jié)能環(huán)保等特點(diǎn)。在運(yùn)載能力和效率上，一趟列車可以運(yùn)送1000多人，每隔5分鐘就可以開出一趟列車；在運(yùn)行速度上，目前最高設(shè)計最低時速可達(dá)350公里；在節(jié)能環(huán)保上，高速鐵路是綠色交通工具，非常適應(yīng)節(jié)能減排(energy-sayingandemission-reduct；on)的要求。參考譯文ChinaHighSpeedPassengerRailisoftenreferredtoasCRH(“ChinaRailwaysHigh-speed”)．Itisanewmodeoftransportationinmodernsociety，withbigcapacity，hightransportefficiency，fastspeed，energy-savingandenvironment-friendlyfeatures．Intermsofcarryingcapacityandefficiency,onetraincancarrymorethan1,000people，andthere’sonetrainsettingouteveryfiveminutes．Intheaspectofrunningspeed，thehighestspeedisupto350kmperhour．Astoenergy-savingandenvironmentalprotection，high-speedrailisgreentransportwhichwelladaptstotherequirementsofenergy-savingandemission-reduction．(13)當(dāng)今世界，信息技術(shù)革命日新月異(advanceWjtheverypassingday)，對國際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會、軍事等領(lǐng)域發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深刻影響。信息化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化相互促進(jìn)。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)融入社會生活方方面面，深刻改變了人們的生產(chǎn)和生活方式。我國正處在這個大潮之中，受到的影響越來越深。因此，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和信息化也成為事關(guān)國家安全和國家發(fā)展、事關(guān)廣大人民群眾工作生活的重大戰(zhàn)略問題。參考譯文Intoday’sworld，informationtechnologyrevolutionadvanceswitheverypassingday,havingaprofoundimpactonthedevelopmentofpolitics，economy,culture，society,militaryandothersectorsatinternationalarena．Informationtechnologyenjoysmutualpromotionwitheconomicglobalization，withInternetintegratedintoallaspectsofsociallife，whichprofoundlychangespeople’sproductionandlife．Chinaisinthebigwaveofthetide，beingaffectedmoreandmoredeeply．Therefore，networksecurityandinformationtechnologyhasbecomeamajorstrategicissuerelatedtonationalsecurityandnationaldevelopment，besidestheworkandlivingconditionsofthebroadmasses．(14)雄居于我國東海岸中部的上海是長江三角洲的門戶(gateway)，也是我國交通運(yùn)輸和國際貿(mào)易交易的重要樞紐(hub)。它地處南北海岸線中心，長江由此入海。交通便利，腹地寬闊，地理位置優(yōu)越。黃浦江是上海的天然隔離帶。把上海分割成了東、西兩部分。浦西是上海的中心，也曾經(jīng)是上海的驕傲，而浦東的開發(fā)越來越吸引全球的目光，已成為世人矚目的焦點(diǎn)。參考譯文InthemiddleoftheeastcoastofChina，ShanghaiisthegatewaytotheYangtzeRiverDelta，beinganimportanthuboftransportationandinternationaltrade．Itislocatedatthecenterofthenorth．southcoastline，withYangtzeRiverrunningintotheseaforgreatconvenienceoftransportation，besidesgeographicadvantageswithvastspaceofhinterland．HuangpuRiverisanaturalpartitionforShanghai，withShanghaidividedintoeasternandwesternparts．Puxi(theWestofHuangpuRiver)isthecenterofShanghai，andwasoncetheprideofShanghai，whilethedevelopmentofPudong(theEastofofHuangpuRiver)increasinglyattractsworldwideattention，becomesthefocusoftheglobe．(15)每年農(nóng)歷的正月十五日，春節(jié)剛過，迎來的就是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——元宵節(jié)(LanternFestivaI)。按中國民間的傳統(tǒng)，在這天皓月高懸的夜晚，人們要點(diǎn)起彩燈萬盞，以示慶賀。民間過元宵節(jié)還有吃元宵的習(xí)俗。元宵由糯米制成，或?qū)嵭模驇юW。元宵也被稱作湯圓(G|utinousRiceBa||s，orGatheringRiceBa||s)，象征全家人團(tuán)團(tuán)圓圓，和睦幸福，人們也以此懷念離別的親人，寄托了對未來生活的美好愿望。參考譯文OnlunarJanuaryl5thofeachyear，withSpringFestivaljustended，comestraditionalChinesefestival--LanternFestival．BytraditionamongChinesefolkpeople，dozensofthousandsoflanternsarelightedupatthisfull-moonilluminatednightforcelebrations．Amongfolkpeople，there’satraditiontoeatglutinousriceballs．Thericeballsaremadeofstickyrice，withsolidricestuffingorwithotherstuffin9．ThericeballsarealsocalledTangYuan(GatheringRiceBalls)，whichsymbolizehappygatheringofthewholefamilywithpeaceandprosperity．Peoplemayalsousethisfestivaltocherishgoodmemoriesoftheirlovedonesfaraway,andnourishtheirgoodwishesforthefuture．(16)中秋節(jié)(Mid-AutumnFestiva|)源自于人們對月亮的崇拜。我國是古老的農(nóng)業(yè)國家，古人經(jīng)長期觀察認(rèn)為，月亮的運(yùn)行同農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和季節(jié)變化有很大關(guān)系，因此祭月就成了祈禱國家長治久安的一項重要祭祀活動。在長期的歷史進(jìn)程中，人們在祭月拜月的同時，又出現(xiàn)了賞月的習(xí)俗。中秋節(jié)成為固定的節(jié)日，大約是在唐代。北宋時期，中秋節(jié)已經(jīng)成為普遍的民俗節(jié)日。參考譯文Mid-AutumnFestivaloriginatedfrompeople’sworshiponthemoon．Chinaisanancientagriculturalcountry．Afterlong-termobservation，ancientChinesebelievedthatmovementofthemoonhasmajorinfluenceonagriculturalproductionandseasonalchanges，soworshiponthemoonbecameanimportantactivitywithsacrificeofferedtothemoon，toprayfortong-termprosperityofthecountry．Inlong-termprogressofhistory,peopledevelopedthecustomofcelebratingthemoonwhileholdingworshipactivities．Mid-AutumnFestivalbecameafixedfestivalapproximatelyinTangDynasty．InNorthemSongDynasty,Mid-AutumnFestivalhadbecomeapopularfolkfestivalnationwide．(17)每年農(nóng)歷七月初七這一天是我國漢族的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日七夕節(jié)(Doub|eSeventhFestiva|)。此日活動的主要參與者是少女，而節(jié)日活動的內(nèi)容又是以乞巧(cuItivatingfemininewisdom)為主，故而人們稱這天為“乞巧節(jié)”或“少女節(jié)”。七夕節(jié)是我國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個節(jié)日，也是過去姑娘們最為重視的日子。2006年5月20日，七夕節(jié)被國務(wù)院列入第一批國家非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。現(xiàn)又被認(rèn)為是“中國情人節(jié)”。參考譯文LunarJuly7theachyearisthetraditionalDoubleSeventhFestivalforHanpeopleinChina．Themainparticipantsofthisfestivalactivityaregirls．Theactivityfocusesoncultivatingfemininewisdom．Sopeoplecallthisholidayas“FeminineFestivalfqiqiaoFestival)”or“Girl’sFestival”．DoubleSeventhFestivalisthemostromanticholidayamongalltraditionalChinesefestivals，andwasoncethemostimportantholidayforgirls．OnMay20，2006，DoubleSeventhFestivalwasinductedintothefirstlotofnationalintangibleculturalheritagebytheStateCouncilofChina．Nowitisconsideredtobe“ChineseValentine’sDay”．(18)在中國歷史文明中，慶祝春節(jié)的習(xí)俗很多，至今在民間保存最廣的習(xí)俗之一則是貼春聯(lián)(SpringFestjva|coup|ets)。春聯(lián)以工整、對偶、簡潔、精巧的文字描繪時代背景，抒發(fā)美好愿望，是我國特有的文學(xué)形式。每逢春節(jié)，無論城市還是農(nóng)村，家家戶戶都要精選一幅大紅春聯(lián)貼于門上，為節(jié)日增加喜慶氣氛。這一習(xí)俗起于宋代，在明代開始盛行，到了清代，春聯(lián)的思想性和藝術(shù)性都有了很大的提高。參考譯文InthehistoryofChinesecivilization，therearemanytraditionalcustomstocelebrateChineseNewYear，amongwhichthemostwidely-observedactivityisSpringFestivalcouplets．SpringFestivalcoupletstakeadvantageofneatly-organized，dually-pairing，simple，energeticanddelicateChinesecharacterstodescribethebackgroundoftimeandexpressgoodwishes．It’saspecialliteraryactivityinChina．UponSpringFestival，everyhousehold，whetherurbanorrural，willchooseapairofredcoupletstobepostedonthedoor，whichaddstothefestivalatmosphere．ThispracticeoriginatedinSongDynasty,andbegantoprevailinMingDynasty．TheideologicalandartisticfeaturesofSpringFestivalcoupletsweregreatlyimprovedinQingDynasty．(19)舞獅子(Liondance)，是我國優(yōu)秀的民間藝術(shù)。每逢元宵佳節(jié)或集會慶典，民間都以獅舞前來助興。這一習(xí)俗起源于三國時期，南北朝時開始流行，至今已有一千多年的歷史。獅子為百獸之尊，形象雄偉俊武，給人以威嚴(yán)、勇猛之感。古人將它當(dāng)作勇敢和力量的象征。認(rèn)為它能驅(qū)邪鎮(zhèn)妖、保佑人畜平安。所以人們逐漸形成了在元宵節(jié)時及其他重大活動里舞獅子的習(xí)俗，以祈望生活吉祥如意，事事平安。參考譯文LiondanceisanoutstandingperformanceartamongChinesefolkpeople．OnLanternFestivalorpartycelebrations，liondanceisheldtoaddtothehappyatmosphere．ThiscustomoriginatedintheThreeKingdomsperiod，andbecamepopularduringtheSouthernandNorthemDynasties．Uptodate，ithasmorethan1，000yearsofhistory．Lion，thekingofanimals，lookingmajesticandpowerful，impressespeoplewithstatelyandvigorouspresence．Peopleatancienttimetookitasasymbolofcourageandstrength，andbelievedthatitcandriveoutthedevils，andblesslivestockandpeopleforsafetyandpeace．SopeoplegraduallyformedthecustomofcelebratingwithliondanceonLanternFestivalorothermajorevents，inordertoprayforgoodluck，peaceandprosperity．(20)中國被譽(yù)為陶瓷之國，景德鎮(zhèn)被稱為陶瓷之都(theCityofceramics)。瓷器最早出現(xiàn)于商代中晚期。距今已有八千多年的悠久歷史。隨著時代的發(fā)展，瓷器的用途越來越多，既可以用來盛放東西，也可以作裝飾之用。多姿多彩的瓷器是中國古代的偉大發(fā)明之一。“瓷器”與“中國”在英文中同為一詞。充分說明中國瓷器的精美絕倫完全可以作為中國的代表。參考譯文Chinaisknownasthecountryofceramics，whileJingdezhen(JingdeTown)isknownasthecityofceramics．CeramicsandporcelainwarefirstappearedinthemiddleandlateeraofShangDynasty,datingbackovereightthousandyearsofhistory．Withthedevelopmentoftimes，porcelainwareisusedmoreandmorewidely．Itsnotonlyusedtoholdorcanthings，butalsousedfordecorationpurposes．ColorfulporcelainisoneofthegreatinventionsofancientChina．Theword“china”forporcelainisofthesamewordforthecountryof“China”：misclearlyshowsthatexquisiteporcelainwareofchinacanbeusedastherepresentativeofChina．(21)中國是世界上發(fā)現(xiàn)與使用蠶絲最早的國家，人們在四五千年前就已經(jīng)開始養(yǎng)蠶了。隨著蠶絲的使用，刺繡工藝也逐漸興起。宋代時期，崇尚刺繡服裝的風(fēng)氣已逐漸在民間廣泛流行，這也促使了中國刺繡工藝(ChineseEmbrojdery)的發(fā)展。刺繡的用途廣泛，包括生活和藝術(shù)裝飾等。刺繡作為中國優(yōu)秀的民族傳統(tǒng)工藝，在國外也享有很高的聲譽(yù)，是中國文化藝術(shù)的杰出代表之一。參考譯文Chinaisthefirstcountryintheworldthatdiscoveredsilkandusedit．Peoplestartedsericultureaboutfourorfivethousandyearsago．Withtheuseofsilk，embroiderygraduallyemerged．IntheperiodofSongDynasty，theculturefashiononembroideredclothingbecamewidelypopularamongthefolkpeople，whichalsocontributedtothedevelopmentofChineseEmbroidery．Embroideryiswidelyused，includingdailyuseandartofdecoration．AsanoutstandingtraditionalChinesecrafts，embroideryalsoenjoyshighreputationinforeigncountries．ItisoneoftheoutstandingrepresentativesofChinesecultureandarts．(22)在全球變暖的大背景下，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)(|ow-carboneconomy)受到越來越多國家的關(guān)注。低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)是以減少溫室氣體排放為目標(biāo)，以低能耗、低污染為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式。近些年來，科學(xué)界以及各國政府已基本達(dá)成一致，推行低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)是避免氣候發(fā)生災(zāi)難性變化、保持人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效方法之一。以公眾的消費(fèi)選擇引導(dǎo)和鼓勵企業(yè)開發(fā)低碳產(chǎn)品技術(shù)，向低碳生產(chǎn)模式轉(zhuǎn)變，最終達(dá)到減少全球溫室氣體的效果。參考譯文Inthecontextofglobalwarming，low-carboneconomybecomestheinterestofmoreandmorecountries．Low-carboneconomyisbasedonthegoalofreducingemissionsofgreenhousegas，pursuinglowenergyconsumptionandlowpollutioninthecourseofeconomicdevelopment．Inrecentyears，thescientificcommunityandgovernmentshavebasicallyagreedthatit’soneoftheeffectivemethodstoavoidcatastrophicclimatechangeandtomaintainsustainabledevelopmentforhumanbeingsbypromotinglow-carboneconomy．Byguidingpublicconsumptionandencouragingenterprisestodeveloplow-carbontechnologyproducts，transformationtolow-carbonproductionismadeSOastoachievetheultimategoalofreducinggreenhousegasintheglobe．(23)“上海藝術(shù)影像展”(PhotoShanghaiExposition)是中國首個專注于藝術(shù)影像的國際博覽會，也是亞太地區(qū)級別最高的藝術(shù)影像博覽會。展會為了響應(yīng)亞太地區(qū)日益繁榮的攝影市場而創(chuàng)辦的。將于2014年9月于上海市地標(biāo)上海展覽中心舉行。屆時，來自全球的將近70家全球領(lǐng)先攝影畫廊和藝術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)將齊聚上海。其中包括許多歐美攝影藝術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)。展會將重點(diǎn)推出亞洲當(dāng)代攝影作品。參考譯文“PhotoShanghaiExposition”isthefirstinternationalexpositionheldbyChinawithfocusonphotoarts，whichisalsothetop-rankexhibitionofphotoartgalleryinAsia-Pacificregion．TheexhibitionisfoundedforthegrowingprosperityofphotographyinAsia-Pacificregion，andtheeventwillbecarriedoutinSeptember，2014atShanghaiExhibitionCentre，alandmarkinShanghai．Atthattime，nearly70leadingphotographygalleriesandartinstitutionsfromaroundtheworldwillgatherinShanghai，amongwhichtherearemanyEuropeanandAmericanartphotographyagencies．TheexhibitionwillfocusonlaunchofcontemporaryAsianphotography．(24)寺廟文化完整地保存了我國各個朝代的歷史文物，在國家公布的全國文物保護(hù)單位中。寺廟及相關(guān)設(shè)施占一半，不愧稱之為“歷史文物的保險庫”(SafeTreasuryofCultura|Heritage)。寺廟建筑與傳統(tǒng)宮殿建筑形式相結(jié)合，具有鮮明的民族風(fēng)格和民俗特色。同時，寺廟文化已滲透到我們生活的各個方面：如天文、地理、書法、雕刻等。各地一年一度的廟會如火如荼，不僅豐富了各地的文化氛圍，同時促進(jìn)了地方旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。參考譯文HistoricalrelicsofvariousdynastiesinChinaarewellpreservedintempleculture．Amongtheprotectednationalculturalrelicsaspublishedbygovernment，morethan50％aretemplesandrelevantfacilities，whichfullydeservethetitle“SafeTreasuryofCulturalHeritage”．Templearchitectureiscombinedwithtraditionalarchitectureofimperialpalaces，displayingdistinctivenationalstyleandfolkcharacteristics．Meanwhile．templeculturehaspenetratedintoeveryaspectofourlives，suchasastronomy,geography,calligraphy,sculptureandsoon．Annualfestivalactivitiesarebustlingintemplesalloverthecountry,whichnotonlyenrichlocalculturalatmosphere，butalsopromotethedevelopmentoflocaltourism．(25)世界文化遺產(chǎn)——龍門石窟(LongmenGrottoes)，是我國三大佛教石窟藝術(shù)寶庫之一。龍門石窟自北魏孝文帝遷都洛陽開始動工，歷經(jīng)400多年的雕刻，現(xiàn)存窟龕2300多個，雕像10萬余尊，碑刻題記30多萬字。龍門石窟以大量的實物形象和文字資料從不同側(cè)面反映了中國古代政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、宗教、文化等許多領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展變化，對中國石窟藝術(shù)的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。參考譯文AsWorldHeritage，LongmenGrottoesareoneofthethreemajortreasuresofBuddhistartgrottoesinChina．ConstructionofLongmen’GrottoesbeganatthetimeEmperorXiaowenmovedthecapitalofNorthemWeiDynastytoLuoyangcity，andthecarvingworktookmorethan400years．Amongexistingrelics，therearemorethan2，300niches，morethan100，000statuesandover300，000charactersofinscriptions．Byusingalotofphysicalimagesandtextdescriptions，LongmenGrottoesdisplaythehistoryofvarioussectorsinancientChinaincludingpolitics．economy,religionandcultureetc，makingsignificantcontributiontoChinesegrottoart．(26)麻將是中國人主要的休閑娛樂之一。它起源于中國，其歷史可追溯到三四千年以前。麻將原是皇家和王公貴族們的游戲，在長期的歷史演變過程中，逐步從宮廷流傳到民間，到清朝中期基本定型。麻將自1920年傳入美國后。受歡迎的程度并不比在中國遜色。在南加州就常常舉辦麻將比賽。有人說，麻將之所以在國外那么受歡迎，正是源于外國人對中國古老文化的認(rèn)知和認(rèn)同(recognitionandacceptance)。參考譯文MahjongisoneofthemajorleisureandentertainmentactivitiesforChinesepeople．ItoriginatedinChina，datingbackto3，000or4，000yearsago．Mahjongwasoriginallyagameplayedbyroyalfamiliesandnobilities．Inthelonghistoryofevolution，itgraduallyspreadfrompalacetothepublic．Atthetimeofmid-QingDynasty,thestyleofgamewasbasicallyfixed．Afterit’sintroducedintotheUnitedStatesin1920，MahjongenjoyedsamepopularitytherejustasinChina．MahjonggamesareoftenheldinSouthernCalifornia．Somepeoplebelievethatthefactthatmahjongissopopularinforeigncountriesderivesfromforeigners’recognitionandacceptanceofancientChineseculture．(27)新疆民族工藝品和地方土特產(chǎn)歷史悠久，品種繁多，具有獨(dú)特的民族風(fēng)格，深受中外游客的喜愛。新疆和田玉(Hotanjade)石中華民族的瑰寶，曾幾次提名要作為中國的“國石”。早在新石器時代(NeoIithicAge)，昆侖山下的祖先們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了和田玉，并作為瑰寶和友誼媒介向東西方運(yùn)送和交流，形成了我國最古老的和田玉運(yùn)輸通道“玉石之路”，即后來的“絲綢之路”的前身。參考譯文Xinjianghasvarietiesofethnichandicraftsandspeciallocalproducts，whichhavelonghistory,featuringuniqueethnicstyle，andarelovedbybothChineseandforeigntourists．HotanjadeofXinjiangisthetreasureofChinesenation，andwasnominatedasChina’S“nationaljade”onseveraloccasions．AsearlyasintheNeolithicAge，ChineseancestorslivingatthefootofKunlunmountainsdiscoveredHotanJade，andtookitastreasureofgiftsforfriendship，spreadingittobotheastandwest，whichshapedupthe“JadeRoad“thatistheoldestroadtotransportHotanJade，isalsothepredecessorof“SilkRoad”．(28)如今，如果你告訴別人你會聯(lián)系對方，他或她可能不會問你什么時候聯(lián)系，但是會問以什么方式聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)代科技已經(jīng)極大的改變了我們的溝通方式，它提供給我們在任何時候都能保持聯(lián)系的多種方式。對于小型或是中型企業(yè)，這意味著對于競爭力的保持來說是巨大的機(jī)會，他們了解技術(shù)發(fā)展的趨勢并且能很好地應(yīng)用自身的優(yōu)勢(appIYtheirownadvantages)。參考譯文Nowadays，ifyoutellsomeoneyouwillcontacthimorher，heorshemaynotaskyouwhattimetocontact，butwillaskinwhatwayforcommunication．Modemtechnologyhasgreatlychangedthewaywecommunicate，whichmakesitpossibleforustocommunicateinmanywaysatanytime．Forsmallormedium-sizedenterprises，itmeanshugeopportunitytokeepcompetitive．Theymaylearnthetrendoftechnologicaldevelopmentandapplytheirownadvantages．(29)在如今的信息化時代，網(wǎng)絡(luò)團(tuán)購(On|iRegroup-buying)作為一種新的銷售方式，以其價格便宜、形式新穎靈活，深受年輕人以及時尚人士的追捧。截止到2011年7月，全國團(tuán)購網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)超過5000家。但是。消費(fèi)者在享受網(wǎng)絡(luò)團(tuán)購帶來的實惠時也出現(xiàn)了一些問題，如假冒名牌產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)縮水、價格欺詐等現(xiàn)象。據(jù)消費(fèi)者協(xié)會調(diào)查，近期接到的有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)團(tuán)購的投訴呈上升趨勢。消費(fèi)者們在購物時應(yīng)保持清醒的頭腦。參考譯文Atthisinformationage，onlinegroup-buyinghasemergedasanewwayofsales，whichisfeaturedwithlowpriceandflexiblewayofoperation，andispopularforyoungpeopleandfashionfollowers．AsofJuly2011，therearemorethan5，0009roup.buyingwebsitesinChina．However，whenconsumersenjoythebenefitsbroughtbyonlinegroup-buying，problemsalsooccur，suchasproductsoffakebrand，cut-downofservices，fraudonpriceandotherphenomena．AccordingtosurveybyChinaConsumers’Association，there’sanincreasingtrendinthenumberofcomplaintsaboutonlinegroup-buying．Consumersshouldkeepclearmindattimeofshopping．(30)長江發(fā)源于“世界屋脊”——青藏高原的唐古拉山脈(TanggulaMountairlsorDangIaMountainRange)。全長6300余千米，比黃河長800余千米，長度僅次于非洲的尼羅河和南美洲的亞馬孫河，居世界第三位。長江自然風(fēng)光優(yōu)美，歷史積淀深厚，也是中國主要的旅游景點(diǎn)，在那里，你可以欣賞到壯麗的三峽和宏偉的三峽大壩。約占全國面積五分之一的長江流域養(yǎng)育了全國三分之一的人口。長江的開發(fā)與保護(hù)是影響全國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的大事。參考譯文YangtzeRiveroriginatesfromTanggulaMountainsofQinghai-TibetPlateau，the“roofoftheworld”．Itstotallengthis6，300km，beinglongerthantheYellowRiverbymorethan800kilometers，closelybehindNileinAfricaandAmazoninSouthAmerica．a(chǎn)ndisthe3rdlongestriverintheworld．Withbeautifulnaturalsceneryandlonghistory,YangtzeRiverisalsooneofthemaiortouristattractionsinChina．TherearemagnificentThreeGorgeswithmajesticThreeGorgesDam．ThedrainageareaofYangtzeRivercoversaboutonefiflhofChina’slandarea，andsupportsaboutonethirdofChina’spopulation．DevelopmentandprotectionoftheYangtzeRiverisofgreatsignificancethathastheimpactonnationalsocio-economicdevelopment．(31)黃河是我國第二長河，世界第五長河，源于青海巴顏喀拉山，干流貫穿九個省區(qū)。早在80萬年前的舊石器時代，中華民族的祖先就在黃河流域過著狩獵、采集的生活。在中國歷史上，黃河及沿岸流域給人類文明帶來了巨大的影響，是中華民族最主要的發(fā)源地之一。人們常說黃河是中華民族的搖籃，稱之為“母親河”。而如今黃河污染形勢十分嚴(yán)峻，保護(hù)黃河是每個人不可推卸的責(zé)任(incumbentobIigat；oll)。參考譯文YellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina，andfifthlongestriverintheworld．ItsoriginisatBayankalaMountainofQinghaiprovince，withthemainstreamrunningthrough9provinces．Asearlyas800，000yearsagoatthePaleolithicage，ancestorsofChinesenationlivedatYellowRivervalleybyhuntingandcollectin9．InthehistoryofChina，YellowRiverandthevalleysnearbYhavetremendousimpactonhumancivilization．TheyareoneofthemostimportantbirthplacesofChinesenation．PeopleoftencallYellowRiverasthecradleofChinesenation．whichisknownasthe“MotherRiver．“ButnowadayspollutionofYellowRiverisveryserious．ProtectionofYellowRiveristheincumbentobligationofeveryChinese．(32)納米技術(shù)(nanotechnoIogy)是近年來出現(xiàn)的一門高新技術(shù)。將納米技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的納米材料加入到普通的金屬、塑料中，會呈現(xiàn)許多普通材料無法比擬的特性。納米是一種度量單位，一納米等于百萬分之一毫米。納米技術(shù)使人們認(rèn)識、改造微觀世界的水平提到了一個新的高度。世界許多國家的科學(xué)家不約而同地斷言：納米技術(shù)將推進(jìn)人類科學(xué)技術(shù)步入一個新的時代——納米科技時代(theeraofnanotechno|ogy)。參考譯文Nanotechnologyisanemerginghigh-techinrecentyears．Byaddingnanomaterialsproducedbynanotechnologyintoordinarymetalsandplastics，somespecialfeaturescanbeachieved，whichareunmatchedinmanycommonmaterials．Nanometerisaunitofmeasure，withonenanometerequaltoonemillionthofamillimeter．Nanotechnologyhelpsimprovepeople’srecognitionofthemicroscopicworldtoanewheight．Scientistsinmanycountries