書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南華大學船山學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thedentist’sconfidentmanner（

）methatIwasinsafehands.

問題1選項

A.insured

B.assured

C.ensured

D.secured

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。insure確保，投保；assure保證，擔保；ensure確保，使安全；secure保護，使安全。句意：牙醫自信的態度使我確信我是由可靠的醫生在診治。選項A和D不符合句意；選項Bassuresb.sth.或assuresb.+that從句，意為使某人確信，符合句意；選項C發用法為ensuresth.tosb.，所以選項B正確。

2.單選題

Ourmultimillionnerve-cellcentralnervoussystemhasitsrootsinthescatterednervecellsoftiny,lowlyorganismsthatlivedinwaterhalfabillionyearsago.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates—“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone.Acoelenterate’snervenetworklacksanykindofcentralizedcontrol.Thisprobablybeganwithflatworms--thefirstcreaturetopossessahead.

Specializedsensecellshelpflatwormsrespondmoreflexiblythanseaanemonestooutsidestimuli.Butlikemostanimalswithoutabackbone,flatwormsactalmostbyinstinctandreflex.

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig,complextypesofbrain—thetypeswefindamongthebackbonedanimasorvertebrates.Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect.Butthedevelopmentofafish'sthree-partbrainreflectsthatbeast’sunintellectualpriorities.Muchoftheforebraindealsonlywithsmell.Themidbrainhandlesvisionandthehindbrainbalance.

Withearlymammalsthebraingrewlargerandmorecomplex.Sensecoordinationshiftedfromthemidbraintotheforebrain,adevelopingstructurecappedbyfoldedcerebrumtohandlememoryandlearning.Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements.

Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees,wherevisionmatteredmorethansmell.Accordinglytheoncebig“smell’’partoftheforebraingrewsmaller,whilethepartthathandlesvisiongrewmuchlarger.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Thehydraisakindof（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“tookto”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinsectsdonothave（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstocoordinatethecomplexphysicalactivityofamammal?

問題1選項

A.Thesensoryorgansofinvertebrates.

B.Theanatomyoftinyorganisms

C.Theoriginofthebrainandcentralnervoussystem.

D.Theimportanceofvisionforfishandadvancedanimals.

問題2選項

A.flatworm

B.coelenterate

C.seaanemone

D.nervecell

問題3選項

A.began

B.fledto

C.carriedto

D.becamefriendlytoward

問題4選項

A.brains

B.backbones

C.nervecells

D.reflexes

問題5選項

A.Thecerebellum

B.Theforebrain

C.Thecerebrum

D.Themidbrain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要講中樞神經系統和大腦的起源，因此C項正確。

第2題:細節事實題。根據題干關鍵詞hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone”(諸如水螅和海葵等腔腸動物)。由此可知，B項“腔腸動物”正確。

第3題:詞義題。對于短語“tookto”的理解可參考句子:Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees(先進的哺乳動物，如猴子、猿和人類（靈長類動物）的大腦是由祖先進化而來的，它們…在樹上生活)，taketo本意為“開始從事”。

第4題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect(最微小的魚相比最大的昆蟲有更大的頭腦)。由此可知，A項“大腦”正確。

第5題:細節事實題。題干為:由文章可知，什么有助于協調哺乳動物復雜的身體活動?倒數第二段指出:Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements(同時，后腦獲得了巨大的小腦來協調復雜的運動)。由此可知A項“小腦”正確。

3.單選題

Withprices（）somuch,it’shardtoplanabudget.

問題1選項

A.frustrating

B.fluctuating

C.overloading

D.overflowing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項frustrating“挫敗；使沮喪”；B選項fluctuating“波動；起伏不定”；C選項overloading“超載”；D選項overflowing“溢出；擠滿”。句意：因為價格……太大，所以很難制定預算。開頭使用了with復合結構作狀語表原因，故應該使用動詞的現在分詞形式。價格一般都是易變的，因此B選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Hewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,（

）insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.

問題1選項

A.beingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.havingconsidered

【答案】A

【解析】考查分詞作狀語。空格處在句中作狀語，表示原因，說明主語沒有擔任主席的原因。主語he是動詞consider的承受者，表示被動關系，故排除B、D選項；tobeconsidered是不定式被動式，表示將來或尚未發生的動作，不符合句意，故排除C選項，因此選A。

句意：他沒有被要求擔任協會主席，考慮到他不太受所有成員歡迎。

5.單選題

AWorldWithoutBooksOrMusic

Ifbookshadneverbeendiscovered,manwouldhavefoundsomeotherwayofrecordinghiscommunication.Butthen,forourconsideration,weshouldincludeasbookseverythingthatisawrittenrecord.Thiswouldincludetablets,papyrusandanythingelse一includingcomputerdiskettes.Inthecaseofmusic,itwouldbeimpossibletothinkthatmancanlivewithoutit.Lookingatprimitivecultures,itappearsthatmusicisactuallyapartofthehumanpsyche.Whentwothingsareknockedtogether,musicisproduced.Soforthesakeofourdiscussion,itisintendedtorestrictthemeaningofmusictothepopularlyacceptedconcept.Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.

Thoughitisdifficultto,wecanpretendthatthesethingsneverexisted.Inthiscasewewouldnotmissthemtoday.Tocomparewithrecentinventions,letuslookatradioandtelevision.Thoughwecannotthinkoflifewithoutthemtoday,thisissoonlyfromcomparativelyrecenttimes.Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.Butbooksareadifferentthingbecausethey,orsomethingakintothem,beganthousandsofyearsago.Inthecaseofmusic,itgoesbackevenfurther—perhapstomillionsofyears.Wemaybeabletoimagineaworldwhichneversawbooks,becausebooksareahumaninvention.However,inthecaseofmusicthisdoesnotseempossible.Pleasingsoundsareallaroundus;likethesingingofthebirdsandthewhistlingofthewind.Musicjustseemstobeinborninusandintheworldaroundus.

Ifbooksdidnotexist,theworldwillbeapoorerplaceindeed.GreatphilosophieslikePlato'swouldbecomeunknownandallthepleasuresandlessonswecouldgetfromthemwillbelostforever.ThenthereisliteratureliketheworksofthegreatmasterslikeShakespeare,DickensandJaneAusten.Whatasombre,miserableworlditwillbewithoutthepleasuresofreading.Sincetherearesomanyotherthingswhichdependonreading-likeplays,songsandmovies―wecanexpectthemtodisappearalso.Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworldwhereknowledgeisnotpropagated;wheretherearenobookstoderivepleasurefrom.

Inthecaseofmusic:Withoutittheworldwillbebleakandcoldindeed.Itwouldbeaterribleworldwithnocheerytunes,nosongstosingandnogreatmusictoloseourselvesin.AworldwhichdoesnotlistentothemusicofthegreatmasterslikeChopinandBeethovenwouldbeaverysorryworld.Therewillnotbesomanysmilesonfacesanymore.Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.Withmusic,connectedactivitieslikedancingwillbelosttoo.AworldwithoutmusicanddancingwillbringusbacktotheStoneAge.

Unlikeradio,television,telephonesandcomputers,readingandmusicarenotmereconveniencesthatwecanlivewithout.Readingiscrucialforself-expressionandforpassingonrecordsandknowledgetofuturegenerations.Musicispartofourverysoul.Aworldwithoutthesewillnotbetheworldasweknowit.Infact,manyofuswouldnotwanttoliveinsuchaworld.

1.Musicispartofthehumanpsychebecause().

2.Accordingtothepassage,lifewithouttelevisionandradiowouldbe()..

3.Itisimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutmusicbecause().

4.Aworldwithoutbookswouldbe()..

5.Whyismusicsomethingthatwecannotlivewithout?

問題1選項

A.itispartofprimitiveculture

B.itissomethingweliketolistento

C.italwaysstrikesachordwithus

D.ithasbeenproducedsinceancienttimes

問題2選項

A.essentiallythesame

B.verydifferent

C.quiteboring

D.spirituallymoresatisfying

問題3選項

A.musiclikebooksisahumaninvention

B.itiscrucialforself-expression

C.enjoyablesoundsexistinourenvironment

D.plays,songsandmoviesdependonit

問題4選項

A.bleakandcold

B.averysorryworld

C.dreadfullyunsatisfying

D.darkanddull

問題5選項

A.BecauseitisaconvenienceliketheInternet.

B.Becausewewillloseadeeppartofourselves.

C.Becausewewon'thavesmilesonourfacesanymore.

D.BecausephilosophieslikePlato'swouldnotexist.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據第一段的最后一句“Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.”音樂是我們喜歡聽的令人愉悅的所有聲音。選項B符合原文。

2.根據第二段的五六七句“Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.”我們中有許多人曾經歷過一段沒有電視的日子。他們會告訴我們,生活并沒有多大的不同。收音機可能也是如此。所以選項A正確。

3.根據第二段的倒數二三句“However,inthecaseofmusic...thewhistlingofthewind.”我們無法想象一個沒有音樂的世界,因為我們無時無刻不被像鳥兒的歌唱和風的呼嘯這樣悅耳的聲音環繞著。也就是說我們的環境中存在著令人愉快的聲音。選項C符合原文。

4.根據第三段的最后一句“Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworld...derivepleasurefrom.”沒有知識的傳播，沒有讀書帶來的樂趣，這將是一個黑暗并且不令人滿意的世界。bleakandcold陰暗寒冷；averysorryworld悲慘的世界；dreadfullyunsatisfying令人極度不滿意的；darkanddull黑暗沉悶的。選項C更接近原文。

5.根據第四段的倒數第三句“Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.”當我們失去了音樂，我們也失去了內心深處的一種表達——來自靈魂的表達。選項B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

6.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

問題1選項

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:寫作是一個緩慢的過程，需要進行大的思考，耗費大量的吋間并付出巨大努力。

考查形容詞辨析。significant有重大意義的，顯著的；enormous巨大的，龐大的：considerable相當多（或大、重要等）的；numerous眾多的，許多的,—般用來修飾可數名詞。故選C。

7.單選題

Scienceandtechnologyactuallyhelpto（）theusefulandpleasantpartsoftraditionalculture.

問題1選項

A.preserve

B.prevail

C.reserve

D.precede

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意:科學技術實際上有助于保存傳統文化中有用的和討人喜歡的部分。選項中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve強調保護東西完好無損;reserve指保存儲備留作后用。根據句意可知，選項A更符合語境。

8.單選題

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan____thesoundfromtheradio.

問題1選項

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.intensify（使）加強；增強；加劇B.amplify放大；增強（聲音等）

C.enlarge擴大；擴充D.reinforce加固

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：把這個旋鈕向右轉，你就可以……收音機的聲音。對比選項，此處應該是放大收音機的聲音。B選項指放大聲音，符合語境，因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項intensify“（使）加強；增強；加劇”，指在程度或深度上增強，而句中指的是放大聲音，并不是增強聲音，該選項不符合語境；

C選項enlarge“擴大；擴充”，指使……變大，該處強調放大聲音，C選項并沒有特指放大聲音。而B選項強調聲音的放大，對比選項，B選項更合適；

D選項reinforce“加固”，指使堅固，尤指通過添加另一種材料使結構或材料更堅固，該選項不符合語境。

【句意】把這個旋鈕向右轉，你就可以放大收音機的聲音。

9.單選題

HelenKeller'sworkgavecomfortandencouragementtootherhandicappedpeoplewho（）mighthaveledahopelesslife.

問題1選項

A.therefore

B.thus

C.or

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯關系。句意：海倫?凱勒的工作是給其他殘疾人以安慰和鼓勵,否則他們可能會過著絕望的生活。前后構成轉折關系,選項D正確。

10.填空題

Lookingatthosestars,Igrasped,forthefirsttimeinmylife,theawesomeconceptof_______.(finite)

【答案】infinity

【解析】【考查點】名詞。

【解題思路】conceptof_______是名詞所有格，橫線處應該是名詞，結合在看星星的語境，infinity意思為“無限”，符合語境。

【句意】看著那些星星，我生平第一次明白了無限這個令人驚嘆的概念。

11.單選題

HeclaimedthathewouldcompileanEnglishmasterpieceifhecouldfinda(n)______todealwiththelessessentialparts.

問題1選項

A.accomplice

B.collaborator

C.confederate

D.cobber

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項accomplice“同謀者；共犯”，指在犯罪行為中幫助另一個人；B選項collaborator“合作者；協作者；合著者”，指在做好事中幫助另一個人；C選項confederate“同盟國，同盟者；幫兇；美國南部邦聯支持者”，常指國家或政府層面的結盟；D選項cobber“伙伴；朋友”，不常用，屬于澳洲俚語。句意：他聲稱，如果他能找到一位______來處理不太重要的部分，他將編寫一部英語杰作。此處填“合著者”一詞更符合句意，所以B選項正確。

12.單選題

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

1.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat（）.

3.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes（）.

4.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.toreducetheirmentalstress

B.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccess

C.tomakesportslesscompetitive

D.tomakesportsmorechallenging

問題2選項

A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsociety

B.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselves

C.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences

D.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves

問題3選項

A.believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopment

B.withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidence

C.soastomakethemrememberlife’slessons

D.soastoputmorepressureonthem

問題4選項

A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysports

B.helpchildrentowineverygame

C.trainchildrentocopewithstress

D.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports

問題5選項

A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout

B.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism

C.tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildren

D.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節題。根據題干信息定位到第一段的第三句話Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（壓力可以是身體上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，壓力會導致倦怠。）可以看出stress導致burnout，那么防止burnout的有效方法應該是減少stress，因此A選項“減輕他們的精神壓力”正確。sports本身具有競爭性、挑戰性，不在于多或少，問題是怎樣看勝負，所以C選項“降低體育運動的競爭性”和D選項“使運動更具挑戰性”兩項應排除。B項“提高他們獲得成功的意識”正是作者不贊成的。

2.事實細節題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到第二段第二句話Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace（體育活動能為年輕人提供極其有價值的一生都有用的人生經歷。）因此C選項“它可以為他們提供寶貴的經歷”正確。A選項“它可以幫助他們更多地了解社會”定位到第二段andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives（并獲得將終生使用的其他社交技能），可以看出文章只說了可以學到社交技能，而不是更多的了解社會；B選項“它能讓他們發現自己的缺點”定位到第二段Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（年輕人可能會把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發現自己的缺點。）但是這個并不是題干所問的“運動的積極影響”；D選項“它教會他們如何為自己設定現實的目標”，這是文章中沒有提及的。

3.事實細節題。根據題干信息定位到第二段Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教練和父母應該時刻意識到，他們對青少年的反饋會極大地影響他們的孩子。年輕人可能會把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發現自己的缺點。）因此換句話說就是B選項“沒有意識到批評可能會摧毀他們的自信”正確。A選項“相信批評對他們的早期發展是有益的”；C選項“讓他們記住生活的教訓”；D選項“為了給他們更多的壓力”這三個都不是作者認為教練和家長平常所認為的。

4.推理判斷題。根據題干信息定位到第三段開頭Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.（教練和家長也應該小心，不要讓青少年參與體育運動成為孩子們的工作。）意思是體育運動不是孩子的工作或任務，重在參與，比賽結果并不重要，更重要的是通過參與增加人生閱歷。因此A選項“更加注重讓孩子們享受運動”正確。B選項“幫助孩子贏得每一場比賽”；C選項“訓練孩子學會處理壓力”以及D選項“使孩子們了解運動的積極方面”這都是文章中沒有提及的。

5.主旨大意題。通過第一段Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（壓力可以是身體上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，壓力會導致倦怠。）第二段的Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教練和父母應該時刻意識到，他們對青少年的反饋會極大地影響他們的孩子。年輕人可能會把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發現自己的缺點。）以及第三段的Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.（研究表明，積極的強化比批評更能激勵學習，對學習有更大的影響。再次強調，批評會造成高度的壓力，從而導致倦怠。）可以看出來，作者寫該文目的是告訴人們批評會給孩子造成各方面負擔和壓力，積極鼓勵才會對孩子的成長有益，因此C選項“強調積極鼓勵對孩子成長的重要性”正確。A選項“教導年輕運動員如何避免精疲力竭”不是文章重點；B選項“說服孩子不要擔心批評”不符合作者的想法；以及D選項“討論批評與鼓勵相結合的技巧”這也不是作者所倡導的。

13.單選題

TheEverVictoriousArmyservedasan(a)（）tothepoorlyorganized,poorlytrained,andpoorlydisciplinedprovincialforcesofthegovernor.

問題1選項

A.service

B.help

C.adjunct

D.extension

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項service“維修，檢修”；B選項help“幫助”；C選項adjunct“附屬的”；D選項extension“拓展”。adjunctto“附屬于，部下”，為固定搭配。helpto在這里不符合題干內容，可排除。句意：常勝軍隊……組織欠妥、訓練不足、紀律不嚴的政府地方部隊。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

Thatwouldcauseanoutcryandaddseveralpercentagepointstoinflation,andcouldeasilycheckspendingand（）therecoveryinitscradle.

問題1選項

A.impel

B.stage

C.strangle

D.invigorate

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。impel“趨使，推動”；stage“籌劃，舉行”；strangle“絞殺，使窒息”；invigorate“鼓舞”。句意：這將引起強烈的抗議，并且使通貨膨脹增加幾個百分點，而且會控制消費，使復蘇在搖籃中就被扼殺。選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

Adrunkmanwalkedin,______inappearance.

問題1選項

A.repulsive

B.reluctant

C.reproachful

D.reputed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項repulsive“可憎的、排斥的”；B項reluctant“不情愿的”，常與to搭配構成不定式；C項reproachful“責備的、指責的”；D項reputed“享有聲望的”；句意：一個醉漢走了進來，面目可憎。因此該題A項正確。

16.翻譯題

2.Iclimbedheightsinordertoseethesplendidgranitemountaininitsfullestview.InthisexperienceIhadbeenseekingtheaesthetic.IknewIwouldfindit,forIhadseenpostcardsinadvanceandwasfollowingthemap.Theseekingtookconsiderableeffortandtime.Itwasaheavyinvestment.Iwasnotgoingforthescientificpurposeofstudyingrockformation,orwasitfortherecreationalpurposeofexercisingmylimbsinthefreshair,thoughthatexertionaddedintensitytotheexperienceandwasitscontext.

【答案】2.為了飽覽壯麗的花崗巖山峰的全景，我登上了高地。這次旅程中我一直在捕捉一種美感。我知道會如愿以償，因為我事先看過一些有關的風景明信片，循著山路示意圖一路找來。這樣的尋找費時費力，投入頗大。盡管這次跋涉加深了我對美的體驗，而且是這番體驗的不可或缺的環節，但我此行的目的既不是出于對科學的動機來研究巖石的結構，也不是出于娛樂消遣的考慮在清新的空氣中舒展肢體。

17.單選題

Ifyoudriveamotorcartothedangerofthepublic,youmaymakeyourself（）aheavyfine.

問題1選項

A.liableto

B.acquaintedwith

C.alertto

D.relevantto

【答案】A

【解析】liableto容易；acquaintedwith熟悉,

了解,

與...相識；alertto警告；relevantto與...有關的,

相應的。句意：如果你駕駛一輛汽車對大眾造成了危害,

你有可能會受到重罰。選項A符合句意。

18.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

IfRepublicansinCongressunitebehindDonaldTrump’sagenda,itwillnotbebecausetheyhavechangedtheirviewsoneconomics.WhateverMr.Trump’splansforbordertaxesandfiscalstimulus,mostRepublicansstillprofesstosupportfreetradeandloathegovernmentborrowing.(36)Instead,unityispossiblebecausetwoothergoalsbindthepresidentandhispartytogether.Thefirst,taxcuts,isausualpriorityfortheparty.Butthesecond,deregulation,onlyrecentlyrosetothesamestatus.Thecalltocutredtape（官樣文章，冗長的法規條文）isnowanemotiverallyingcryforRepublicans—moreso,intheheartsofmanycongressmen,thanslashingdeficits.Deregulationwill,theyargue,unleasha“confidentAmerica”inwhichbusinessesthriveandwagessoar,leavingeconomists,withtheirexcusesforthe“newnormal”oflowgrowth,redfaced.Aretheyright?

(37)ThestraightforwardmotivationforRepublicans’deregulatoryagendaistheirdisdainforPresidentBarackObama’slegacy,muchofwhichwasinstalledthroughregulatoryfiat.TheAffordableCareAct,betterknownasObamacare,requiredbureaucratstowritethousandsofpagesofnewrules;theDodd-Frankfinancial-reformbilldidthesame.(38)Whenlegislationwasnotforthcoming,theexecutivebranchthrewitsweightaroundinstead.ItassertedthattheCleanAirActgaveitwide-rangingpowerstofightclimatechange,andthattheCleanWaterActletitcleanupmanymorepondsandriversthaneverbefore.

(39)Buttottingupcostsandbenefitsishardlystraightforward.Anagencywhichsupportsaregulationcanobviouslynudgethenumbersinafavorabledirection.Bureaucratsmustsometimesmakevaluejudgments.Forinstance,theObamaadministrationcountedbenefitstoforeigncountrieswhenweighinguprulestoreducecarbonemissions.

Inanycase,cost-benefitanalysisagesbadly.Withoutupdatingit,itisdifficulttoknowhowmucholdregulationsweighontheeconomy.OneMercatusworkingpaperplugsthenumberofrulesineachindustryintoacomplexmodeloftheeconomy.Itfindsthatruleswrittensince1980havedampenedgrowthbyabout0.8percentagepointsayear.

(40)Republicansliketoputaboutthatsortoffigure,butitstrikesmanyeconomistsasimplausiblylarge.Eventhosesympathetictoderegulationarehesitanttoforecastthegrowtheffectsofaregulatorybonfire,preferringtostressthebenefitsoftaxcuts.Democrats,meanwhile,arescathingabouttheideathatrollingbackregulationswouldpepuptheeconomymuch.JasonFurman,whoadvisedMr.Obama,addsupthecostsofObama-erarulesandsaysitis“impossible”toseehowyouwouldaddevenatenthofapercentagepointtogrowthbyundoingthem.(TheTrumpadministrationpromisesgrowthof3.5%-4%,upfrom1.6%in2016,partlyonthebackofderegulation.)

【答案】36.相反，由于另外兩個目標將總統及其政黨緊密聯系，團結一致很有可能。第一，減稅是共和黨一貫主張的優先事項。但第二點放松管制，直到最近才上升到同樣的地位。呼吁減少繁文縟節，是共和黨人如今的一種有力戰斗口號——在許多國會議員的心中，它比削減赤字更有分量。

37.共和黨人放松管制議程的直接動機是蔑視巴拉克?奧巴馬總統遺留政策，這其中大部分是通過監管法令而確立的。

38.當立法還沒有出臺時，行政部門就開始指手畫腳，斷言被《清潔空氣法》賦予廣泛權力以應對氣候變化，而因為《清潔水法》清理了比以往任何時候都多的池塘和河流。

39.但合計成本和收益并不簡單。支持監管的機構顯然可以把數字推向有利的方向。政府官員有時必須做出主觀價值判斷。

40.雖然共和黨人總是提這種數字，但許多經濟學家認為這個數大得難以置信。即使那些贊同放松管制的人，也不愿去預測監管對經濟增長的影響，而更愿意強調減稅的好處。

19.單選題

15.

問題1選項

A.He’slosthisnotebook.

B.Hishandwritingismessy.

C.He’llmissclasslaterthisweek.

D.Hecannotmakeitforhisappointment.

【答案】C

【解析】M:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor’sappointment.AndIneedtoborrowsomeone’snotes.

W:Well,youcancertainlyborrowmine,ifyoudon’tmindmymessyhandwriting.

Q:Whatistheman’sproblem?

【解析】男士說:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor'sappointment(周五我得翹課，因為我約了病診)。

20.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmaimersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Youmighttoleratetheoddroadhog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotgoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcoolheadedandgoodtemperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedrivewhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregiveandtakefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion，（

）

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroadhog…therule”(Para.1)impliesthat

3.Whatwouldmostprobablyhappennowadayswhenyoushowpolitenesstootherdriversonroad?

4.Theexamplesinthethirdparagraphareusedtoillustrate（

）.

5.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcarownershipexplosion，（

）.

問題1選項

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

問題2選項

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristtodaycannottolerateimpolitedrivers

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

問題3選項

A.Theywouldshowpolitenesstoyouinversely.

B.Theywouldshowthankfulnesstoyou.

C.Theywouldjustdriveonasnothinghashappened.

D.Theywouldmakewayforyoureadily.

問題4選項

A.itispolitefordriverstoletchildrenandtheoldtocrosstheroadfirst

B.thepolitenessshowninthewrongmomentcanleadtodangers

C.itisdangeroustoallowacartoemergefromasidestreettofollowtraffic

D.driversshouldrecognizeother’spolitenessattherightmoment

問題5選項

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提出交通狀況與司機的態度之間的關系。第二段指出司機應該禮貌并且對他人的禮貌做出回應，這樣才能創造出一個好的行車氣氛。第三段作者話鋒一轉提到錯誤的禮貌是危險的并且舉例說明如何危險。第四段作者號召司機正確考慮公路禮儀問題了。選項B“司機應該適當地使用公路禮儀”，符合題意。

2.文章原句Youmighttoleratetheoddroadhog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadays

thewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.你可以忍受那些奇怪自私、粗魯、不顧及他人的司機，但是現在那些好教養的司機反而是不多見