.PAGE.完型填空基礎鞏固與能力訓練完形填空題的特點是什么？完形填空是一種旨在考查考生的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力的典型題。文中平均每隔25個詞左右設一空。人名、地名、日期等不在設空之列。隔詞數越少,題目越難；反之亦然。文體多以記敘文為主,首句通常不設空。考查內容集中在對名詞、動詞、代詞、形容詞和副詞等實詞的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字,不認得字、詞語的情況下,能否通過推理判斷、綜合分析等全面理解文章的正確意思,然后把答案填入空白處,使短文前后連貫、意思通順、結構完整合理。它的一個顯著特點就是突出語篇,即重在文意的干擾,把具體的語言知識融進具體的語言情境中去,考查學生通過上下文對整體文意進行把握的能力。完形填空題的設置方法1.句子層次的設空〔從詞匯、慣用法,語法規則的實際應用方面進行設計指那些只需讀懂"空格"所在句子便可選出答案的題目,包括詞義識別,同義詞辨析,英語慣用法,語法規則的實際應用。例1：Whenyoutakeyourclothesoff,rememberto86.Getintothehabitof<養成…的習慣>takingglassesandplatesdowntothekitchen.Beforelongyou’llbedoingitwithoutthinking.<

>86.A.hangthemupB.leavethemaloneC.putthemonD.throwthemaway例2：OnlyMother’sLoveistruelove.Shegivesyoueverythingallherlife.Whenyouareababy,motherlooksafteryou16.Inyourwakinghoursshealwaysholdsyouinherarms.Whenyouareill,she17herworkrightawaytolookafteryou.Whenyouaregrowingup,shefeels18.<>16.A.carefulB.carefullyC.goodD.badly<>17.A.doesB.goesonC.stopsD.likes<>18.A.sadB.sillyC.upsetD.happy2.句群層次的設空<從語篇角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力>指根據上下文的內容,經過推理判斷可以得到答案的題目。這種題目相對較難,但只要你能根據上下文的內容進行考慮,一定能選出正確的答案。①前制性設空：即根據上文有關內容即可確定答案的題目。例1：ItwasanEnglishspeechcontest.Mymotheraskedmetotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!ItmeantIhadto____infrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool!A.write

B.speak

C.sing

D.dance例2：Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents.Oneminutethey’refriendly,thenextminutethey’reshoutingandscreaming<尖叫>loudlyenoughforthewholestreettohear.Sowhomakesthemso85.You,probably!<

>85.A.friendlyB.lonelyC.changeableD.comfortable<舒適的>②后制性設空：指那些需要根據下文內容才能選出正確答案的題目,即在下文某處有提示。例1：Nobody____himinthevillage.Onedayhesaidtothem,"Iknowyoudon’tlikeme…"A.believed

B.liked

C.hated

D.knew例2：Countrymusiccomesfrom____kindsofmusic.OneisthetraditionalmusicoftallmountainpeopleintheeasternUnitedStates.TheotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromtheAmericanWest.A.many

B.all

C.two

D.threeEventhoughyoumaynotrealize<意識到>it,yourparentshaveboughtyoumanyclothes.Butthey’renotbuyingthemselvesnewthingseveryweek,arethey?Thesimpletruthisthattherearemorethingstospendmoneyon,liketheelectricity<電>billandfood.A.interestingB.difficultC.importantD.surprising3.語篇性設空<從語篇角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力>指那些需要聯系全文的情境、內容才能確定正確答案的設空。這種題目難度較高,需要我們在全面理解文章的正確意思下才能做出正確的選擇,這種題目主要用于拉開優秀生與其他學生的分數,但題目不會太多。例：Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents….Youmightnotwanttoeat,butthinkofitfromtheparents’pointofview.Ifyoucooktwomealsaday,itmeans730mealsayear.Canyouimaginehowboringthiscanget?Imaginehowyourparentsfeelwhenyousayyou’renotreallyhungry.90,yourparentsareprobablyworriedthatyouaren’teatingenough.<

>90.A.InadditionB.InreturnC.AtmostD.Atlast三、完形填空解題步驟與要領第一步：細讀首句,跳過空格,通讀全文,掌握大意細讀首句:明確短文話題,了解篇章結構,預測全文內容。跳過空格,快速通讀,領會大意,把握中心。生詞的處理；跳過、判斷詞性、了解大意、猜測。第二步：上下聯系,逐句閱讀,先易后難,初定答案。答案要求語法正確,搭配無誤,結構完整,意思通順,前后一致,邏輯得當。怎樣分析：A.從空格所在的句子單獨考慮。B.從空格所在的前后2-3句考慮。C.從整個段落、整篇短文考慮。思路一:分析句子結構,從語法和句型結構考慮。思路二:理解句子含義,判斷句義關系,從詞匯的意義、用法和搭配考慮。思路三:把握整體意思,尋找答題線索,從上下文考慮。思路四:結合前后語境,進行邏輯推理,從日常生活常識考慮。第三步：復讀全文,逐個核對,驗證答案,堅定信心。▲怎樣驗證答案：①所選答案是否能使全文流暢,邏輯推理是否正確。②具體實事是否成立,前后關系是否理順。③語法是否正確,其中包括時態的選擇、詞匯選擇、固定搭配等。=4\*GB3④在通讀全文時最好在可能的條件下將所選答案填入文章中,反復閱讀。四、具體的解題方法與技巧在解題時,除了運用"前制性設空"、"后制性設空"和"語篇性設空"的知識進行解題外,還有下面三種方法與技巧可供參考。〔１語意第一,語法第二原則。根據文化背景和生活常識,利用上下文線索,分析并列句的因果關系,可以選出正確答案。例1：Ayoungfatherwasvisitinganoldneighbor.Theywerestandingintheoldman'sgardenandtalkingabout______．A.treesB.flowersC.childrenD.oldpeople[點撥][Ayoungfatherwasvisitinganoldneighbor.Theywerestandingintheoldman'sgarden,andtalkingabout__________.Theyoungmansaid,"Howstrictshouldparentsbewiththeirchildren?]例2：LittleTomwonderedwhatwouldhappentotheeggs.Twoweekslater,littleTomfoundsomechicks____outoftheshells<蛋殼>.A.walked B.ran C.jumpedD.struggled例3：IttookCharlieMuiseveralmonthstosaveupsevendollars.Hewantedto______amodelplaneandwenttotheshopwiththemoneyA.sellB.buyC.holdD.bring〔２語法正確,注意細節的原則。在語意正確的前題下,還要根據學過的語法知識,詞語辨析、習慣用法、固定搭配等方面選擇正確答案。如：例1：Onenightthedogbegantobarksuddenly.ItmadeMrErens___①___tosleep.Hehadtogetupandtriedhis__②___tostopit,butthebeastwouldn'tstop,andkepton____③___.①A.gonotB.notgoC.nottogoD.tonotgo②A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best③A.barkB.tobarkC.barkingD.barked例2：ＭrEvansisanoldmanofaboutsixty,Hiswifediedafewyearsago.Hischildren______himbythen．A.leftB.wouldleaveC.haveleftD.hadleft?〔３從語法方面,根據所給答案的不同詞類,從不同角度分別考慮選擇。a.名詞的選擇,應聯系文章主題及空格前后出現的有關詞,注意其性和數的一致。b.動詞的選擇,要注意詞義和慣用搭配,還要區分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式。考慮動詞的時態、語態和是否是要填入非謂語動詞。c.介詞的選擇,應注意其慣用法,特別是與動詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配。d.代詞的選擇,要注意性<男或女>、數<單復數>、格<主格、賓格、形代、名代>是否準確。e.連詞的選擇,要注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關系。f.形容詞和副詞的選擇,要注意詞義的區別,用于比較時,還要注意比較級和最高級等。例如：Amanandhiswifehadasmallbar<酒吧>nearastation.Theyoftenworkedlateintothenight,____①__peoplecametodrinktherewhiletheywere__②__trains.Attwoo'clockonemorning,onemanwasstillatatableinthesmallbar.Hewasasleep.Thebarman'swifewantedtoleave.Shelooked_③__thebarseveraltimes,andeachtimethemanwas___④__there,Thenatlastshewenttoherhusbandandsaidtohim,"You__⑤__thatmansixtimes,George,___⑥__heisn'tdrinkinganything?"?①A.assoonasB.becauseC.soD.though②A.catchingupwithB.gettingonC.lookingafterD.waitingfor③A.atB.forC.intoD.outof④A.alwaysB.oftenC.stillD.already⑤A.havewokenB.wakeC.hadwokenD.willwake⑥A.andB.butC.yetD.too五、[實例講解][例1]LastyearIboughtsomeflowerpots<花盆>.Ididn’t__41__thematonce.Oneday,Iwenttoashop__42___someflowerseeds<種子>.ThenIputthemintoapotwithsoil<土壤>andwateredthem.Forafewdays,___43____happened.Iwentonwatching.Onthe____44___day,Ifinallysawtheseedsdevelopandfeltso___45____.Ourlifeissometimeslikean____46____flowerpotwithnothinginside.Ourdaysarefilledwithlotsofdifferentthings.Weusuallydon’tdothem___47___wethinkthey’renotveryimportant.But___48___wefindthatsomeimportantthingsaregone.Thosethingsweloseinlifeareseedsofhope,loveanddreams.Plantingfuninheartsisjustlike__49___flowers.Theseedsoffuninheartswilldevelopastheseedsofflowers.SoifIplant__50__ofhope,Icanexpectsomethingwonderful.<20XXXX市學業水平考試><>41.A.makeB.useC.buy<>42.A.forB.byC.without<>43.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothing<>44.A.tenthB.tenC.twelve<>45.A.worriedB.happyC.tired<>46.A.bigB.colorfulC.empty<>47.A.soB.thatC.because<>48.A.whenB.afterC.later<>49.A.keepingB.growingC.watering<>50.A.seedsB.soilC.pots[例2]Differentthingsusuallystandfordifferentfeelings.Red,forexample,isthecoloroffire,heat,bloodandlife.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociate〔使發生聯系redwithastrongfeelinglike1.Redisusedforsignsof2,suchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.Orangeisthebright,warmcolorof3inautumn.Peoplesayorangeisa4color.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.Yellowisthecolorof__5__.Peoplesayitisacheerfulcolor.Theyassociateyellowtoo,withhappiness.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassin__6__.Peoplesayitisarefreshingcolor.Ingeneral,people__7__twogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsarered,orangeand__8__.Wheretherearewarmcolorandalotoflight,peopleusuallywanttobe__9__.Thosewholiketobewith__10_likered.Thecoolcolorsare__11_andblue.Wherearethesecolors,peopleareusuallyworried.Somescientistssaythattimeseemsto__12_moreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolors.Theysuggestthatawarmcolorisagood__13_foralivingroomora__14_.Peoplewhoarehavingarestorareeatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.__15<>1.A.sadness B.anger C.administration D.smile<>2.A.roads B.ways C.danger D.places<>3.A.land B.leaves C.grass D.mountains<>4.A.lively B.dark C.noisy D.frightening<>5.A.moonlight B.light C.sunlight D.stars<>6.A.summer B.spring C.autumn D.winter<>7.A.speak B.say C.talkabout D.tell<>8.A.green B.yellow C.white D.gray<>9.A.calm B.sleepy C.active D.helpful<>10.A.theother B.another C.otherone D.others<>11.A.black B.green C.golden D.yellow<>12.A.goround B.goby C.gooff D.goalong<>13.A.one B.way C.fact D.matter<>14.A.factory B.classroom C.restaurant D.hospital<>15.A.Different B.Cool C.Warm D.All完形填空專題練習練習題〔1WhenIwasfifteenIwenttoasummercamp.Therewerelotsofgreat90buttherewasonethingIwasreallyscared<害怕>about:climbingthewall.Thewallisakindofrockthatpeopleusetolearnhowtoclimb.Itisverytall.Wewereallsupposedtoclimbthewall,butIknewIcouldn’tgettothetopbecauseIam91heights.IwasashamedandIdidn’twantanyonetoknowthatIwasscared.Ithoughttheywouldalllaughatme.Ipracticedmyexcuse:"I’mnotscared,youknow,Isufferfromvertigo<患眩暈癥>."Thedaycame.Itwastimetoclimbthewall.Thesunwasshiningbuteveryonewasveryquietthatmorning.Itookphotographsatthebottomofthewallandtriedto92.Everyoneinthegroupwentup.Thenthemomentcame.Itwasmyturn.IwassoscaredthatallIcouldthinkaboutwasmyexcuse.Someonesaid,"ShallItakeyourcamera?"andIanswered,"I’mnotscared,youknow.Isufferfromvertigo".The93wasthatIwasmorethanscared,Iwasterrified<嚇壞了>.Thecampleadersaid,"Don’tworry,youdon’thavetodoanythingyoudon’twanttodo."Iwassurprised.Everyonewasunderstanding.Noone94.Thenextday,theleaderaskedmeifIwantedtotrythewallonmyown,95theotherswatching.AlthoughIwasstillverynervousIagreedandclimbedslowlytothetopwithhishelp.IwasstillshakingwhenIcame96,butIwasreallyhappyandrelievedtoo.Forme,climbingthewallwasarealachievement.<2008上海中考試卷完形填空><>90.A.activities B.operationsC.accidentsD.exams<>91.A.pooratB.goodatC.afraidofD.fondof<>92.A.goB.hideC.appearD.run<>93.A.truthB.situationC.storyD.reason<>94.A.jumpedB.cheeredC.smiledD.laughed<>95.A.withB.withoutC.amongD.behind<>96.A.inB.outC.upD.down練習題〔2Everydaycarskillorhurtmanypeopleonroads.Sometimesthedriversdrivetoofastordonot,drivecarefullyenough.Someofthem85thetrafficrulesandcauseaccidents.Accordingtosomeresearches,itisusuallythepedestrians<行人>whocausetheaccidents.Alotofroadusersareverycareless.Theywalkorrunacrosstheroads86thecars.Theywalkintheroadsbutnotonthewalkways.Theygetintooroutofcarsinthemiddleoftheroad. Somedonottakethetroubleto87thegreenlightsandsimplycrosstheroadsagainsttheredlights.Manypeoplethinkaccidentsoftenhappeninbusyroadsinlargecities,butthisisnotalwaystrue.88,Tokyoisoneoftheworld’slargestcitiesandprobablyoneofthebusiestcities; however,thereare89accidentstopedestrians.Thereasonisthatthepolicethereareverystrictandthepedestriansareverycareful.Pedestriansnevercrossagainstaredlightandthey 90followtrafficrules.Doyouknowalcohol〔酒精isanothermaincauseoftrafficaccidents?Itdelayspeople’sresponse.Thosewhohavedrunkalcoholare91inmakingdecisions.Theyneedafewmoresecondstoreact〔反應.Alcoholdrinkingisespeciallydangerousformotorcardrivers.Itisnotonlydriverswhomayhaveaccidentsafterdrinking.Drunkenpedestriansmayputtheirlivesindangeraswell.<2010上海中考試卷完形填空><>85.A.makeB.breakC.followD.remember<>86.A.attheendof

B.inthecentreofC.ontopofD.infrontof<>87.A.turnonB.worryaboutC.waitforD.pointout<>88.A.InadditionB.ForexampleC.BythewayD.Ontheotherhand<>89.A.fewB.manyC.enoughD.some<>90.A.evenB.neverC.almostD.always<>91.A.slowB.activeC.interestedD.excited練習題〔3Cartoonfilmshaveveryfewlimits<限制>.Ifyoucandrawsomething,youcanmakeit1onthecinemascreen.Theuseofnewideasandmoderncomputerprogramsmeansthatcartoonsarebecomingexcitingagainforpeopleof2ages.By1970,thecinemaworldhaddecidedthatcartoonswere3forchildren.Butsoonafterthat,oneortwofilmmakershadsomenewideas.Theyprovedthatitwas4tomakefilmsinwhichbothgrown-upsandchildrencouldenjoythem.However,5cartoonfilmwassuccessful.TheBlackCauldron,forexample,failed,mainlybecauseitwastoo6forchildrenandtoochildishforgrown-ups.Filmmakerslearntfromthismistake,andthencartoonswerewelcomedbybothchildrenandgrown-upsand7thefilmcompaniesbegantomakelargeamountsofmoney.<>1.A.arriveB.stayC.stand D.move<>2.A.someB.either C.allD.both<>3.A.neverB.onlyC.stillD.already<>4.A.possibleB.difficultC.completeD.interesting<>5.A.noteveryB.noneoftheC.eachD.neitherofthe<>6.A.interestingB.popularC.relaxingD.frightening<>7.A.onceB.howeverC.again D.also練習題〔4ThenameofDanielWilliamshasbeenknowntotheblackpeopleintheUnitedStatesformanyyears.Hebecamea1inChicagoin1883.Aftergraduating,hetaughtatNorthwesternUniversity’smedicalschool.HewasaskedbythepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GroverCleveland,togotoWashingtonthefewhospitalsforblacksinthecountry2.HewentbacktoChicagotohelptosetupProvidentHospital.3itopened,Chicago’sblackdoctorscouldnotpracticeinhospitals.Theyhadtotreatpatients4performedonbedsandkitchentables.Dr.WilliamsalsohelpedtosetupatrainingschoolinChicagoforblacknurses.In1893heoperatedonamanwhowasdyingfromastabwoundintheheart.Suchawoundhadalways5death.ButDr.Williamstriedtosavetheman.6X-rayorbloodtransfusions<輸血>,heopenedtheman’schestandsewedup<修補>hisheart.Everythingwentonwellwiththebold<大膽的>operation.Theman7.<>1.A.headmasterB.managerC.doctorD.nurse<>2.A.atthattimeB.inthepastC.amomentagoD.justthen<>3.A.AfterB.BeforeC.WhenD.Assoonas<>4.A.intheofficeB.intheschoolC.intheuniversityD.athome<>5.A.shownB.explainedC.meantD.described<>6.A.AccordingtoB.InsteadofC.BecauseofD.Without<>7.A.diedB.livedC.becamestrongD.gotbadlyhurt練習題〔5EveryyearstudentsinmanycountrieslearnEnglish.Someofthesestudentsarechildren,__1__studentsareyoungpeople.Whydoallthesepeoplewanttolearn__2__?Itisnot__3__toanswerthisquestion.ManyboysandgirlslearnEnglishatschool.Itisoneoftheir__4__.ManypeoplelearnEnglishbecauseitis__5__intheirwork.SomeyoungpeoplelearnEnglish__6__theirhigherstudiesbecausesomeoftheirbooksare__7__English.OtherpeoplelearnEnglishbecausetheywantto__8__newspapersinEnglish.SomepeoplelearnEnglishbecausetheywantto__9__intheUSA,EnglandorAustralia.Englishisvery__10__inourlife<生活>.<>1.A.allB.theotherC.bothD.other<>2.A.EnglishB.ChineseC.mathsD.Japanese<>3.A.hardB.easyC.goodD.nice<>4.A.booksB.classesC.schoolsD.subjects<科目><>5.A.goodB.useful<有用的>C.fineD.pleased<>6.A.forB.ofC.toD.from<>7.A.inB.withC.atD.of<>8.A.lookB.seeC.lookatD.read<>9.A.goB.workC.likeD.come<>10.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.helpful練習題〔6Once,akingshowedtwomenalargebasketinthegarden.Hetoldthemtofillitwithwaterfromawell.Afterthey__1__theirwork,heleftthem,saying,"Whenthesunisdown,Iwillcomeandseeyourwork."Atlastoneofthemsaid,"What’stheuseofdoingthisfoolishwork?Wecan__2__fillthebasket."__3__mananswered,"Thatisnoneofyourbusiness."Thefirstmansaid."Youmaydoasyoulike,butIamnotgoingtoworkat__4__sofoolish."He__5__hisbucketandwentaway.Theothermansaidnoword,andkeptoncarrying__6__.Atlastthewellwasalmost__7__.Ashepouredthelastbucketofwaterintothebasket,hesawabrightthinginit.Hepickeditup.Itwasabeautifulgoldring.Justthenthekingcame.__8__hesawthering,heknewthathehadfoundthekindofmanhewanted.Hetoldhimtokeeptheringforhimself."You__9__sowellinthislittlething,"hesaid,"__10__nowIknowIcanbelieveyouwithmanythings."<>1.A.finished B.did C.began D.had<>2.A.ever B.never C.easily D.no<>3.A.Theother B.Another C.One D.Asecond<>4.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything<>5.A.pickedup B.putaway C.tookaway D.threwaway<>6.A.water B.basket C.well D.work<>7.A.full B.empty C.filled D.clean<>8.A.While B.Assoonas C.Before D.Since<>9.A.havedone B.willdo C.do D.aredoing<>10.A.what B.why C.when D.that練習題〔7Someonesays,"Timeismoney."ButIthinktimeis__1__importantthanmoney.Why?Becausewhenmoneyisspent,wecangetitback.However,whentimeis2it’llnever3.That’s4wemustn’twastetime.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthe5isusuallylimited.Evenasecondisveryimportant.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtimetodo6__useful.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknowtheimportanceoftime.Theyspenttheirlimitedtimesmoking,drinkingand__7.Theydonotknowthatwastingtimemeanswastingpartoftheirown__8.Inaword,weshouldsavetime.Weshouldn’t9today’sworkfortomorrow.Rememberwehavenotimeto10.<>1.A.much B.less C.muchless D.evenmore<>2.A.cost B.bought C.gone D.finished<