書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京勞動(dòng)保障職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Therearestillsome（）forstudentsofscienceandengineering,butthoseinartsandhumanitieshavebeenfilled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.positions

B.vacancies

C.categories

D.applications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)positions“位置”；B選項(xiàng)vacancies“空缺額”；C選項(xiàng)categories“類(lèi)別”；D選項(xiàng)applications“應(yīng)用”。句意：理工科的學(xué)生仍然有空缺，但藝術(shù)和人文學(xué)科的學(xué)生已經(jīng)招滿(mǎn)了。本句表示學(xué)生名額有空缺。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Theatomicnumber(原子序數(shù))isequaltothenumberofelectronsperatomor,whatisequivalent,thenumberofprotons(質(zhì)子)pernucleus.

【答案】原子序數(shù)等于每個(gè)原子的電子數(shù)或者相當(dāng)于每個(gè)原子核的質(zhì)子數(shù)。

3.填空題

Tidinessmeanskeepingthingsoutofsightandyetavailablewhen(1)______.Itimpliesthatthereisa(2)_____foreverythingandthateachthingusedfindsits(3)_______backtoitsplacebyacontinuousprocess,notbyaspasmodiceffort.Theprocessdepends,however,uponthedrawer,cupboardandstoragespacebeing(4)_____，forlackof(5)________somethingsmayliterallyhavenoplacetogo.Ifthereisnoplaceforthings,itisno(6)_______tellingpeopletoputthemaway.Thearchitectwhothuseconomizes(7)_______storagespaceisapttoclaimthatagood-sizedsitting-roomistheresult.Whatadvantageisthereinthat,however,whenhalftheliving-roomhastobeusedforstorage?Theaestheticorderdepends,inturn,uponstoragespace.(8)_______itmaybetruethatnohouseeverhadcupboardsenough,therearesomehouseswhichhavepracticallynocupboardsatall.Intheseourchoicemustlie(9)________chronicuntidinessandruthlessdestruction.Thatisnottosay,however,thatcupboardspacewillitselfcreate(10)_______.Thereisthequestion,furthermore,whetherthecupboardsthemselvesaretidy.Thateverythinghasbeensweptoutofsightisnoproof,initself,thatanythingcanbefound.

【答案】1.wanted

2.place

3.way

/r/vided

5.which

6.good

7.on

8.While

9.between

10.tidiness

【解析】1.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：整潔意味著把東西放在看不見(jiàn)的地方，但是當(dāng)______時(shí)候仍能找到。所以空格中填入wanted表示“當(dāng)需要用到的時(shí)候，仍能找到”。

2.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：這就意味著每個(gè)物體都有一個(gè)_______，并且每樣被使用的物體都能通過(guò)連續(xù)的過(guò)程而不是間斷的努力找到它的________回到原處。所以空各種填入place表示“每個(gè)物體都有屬于它的地點(diǎn)或位置”。

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：這就意味著每個(gè)物體都有一個(gè)專(zhuān)屬的地點(diǎn)，并且每樣被使用的物體都能通過(guò)連續(xù)的過(guò)程而不是間斷的努力找到它的________回到原處。所以填入way表示“每樣被使用的物體都能通過(guò)連續(xù)的過(guò)程而不是間斷的努力找到放回原處的”

4.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：然而，這個(gè)過(guò)程取決于抽屜、櫥柜或被_________的貯藏空間。所以填入provided表示“被提供的貯藏空間”。

5.考查定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法。句意：然而，這個(gè)過(guò)程取決于抽屜、櫥柜或被提供的貯藏空間。因?yàn)槿鄙賍_______，有些東西真的無(wú)處可放。所以填入關(guān)系代詞which，指代上文的“storagespace”，表示“缺少貯藏空間”。

6.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：如果沒(méi)有地方放東西，要求人們將東西收拾好是________的。所以填入“good”表示“要求人們將東西收拾好是不合適的”。

7.考查介詞搭配。句意：能夠有效地利用貯存空間的建筑師傾向于認(rèn)為一件寬敞的客廳是最好的結(jié)果。所以填入介詞on，與不及物動(dòng)詞economize構(gòu)成搭配，表示“在…..上節(jié)省或有效利用”。

8.考查連詞。句意：沒(méi)有一間房子是擁有足夠的櫥柜的事實(shí)是真實(shí)的，有些房子幾乎沒(méi)有櫥柜。所以填入連接詞while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管”。

9.考查介詞。句意：在這些房子里面，我們的選擇只能在于長(zhǎng)期的不整潔和無(wú)情的破壞之間。所以填入between表示“在兩者之間”。

10.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：然而，這并不是說(shuō)櫥柜本身能創(chuàng)造_________。此外，還有一個(gè)問(wèn)題，就是櫥柜本身是否整潔。一切都被清理得看不見(jiàn)了，本身并不能證明能輕易找到東西。所以填入tidiness表示“這并不是說(shuō)櫥柜本身能創(chuàng)造整潔”。

4.單選題

Backin1992,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemandinafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.

Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.

InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael’sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.DrAngristandDrLavycomparethetestscoresformathandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(ie,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses’teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.

Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammercamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.

Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthor,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingthescheme’scomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.

Thebottomline,saysDrAngrist,isthat“thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky”.Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept（）.

3.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidn’tmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgovernments’packingcomputersinschoolsseemstobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.motionpicturehasrevolutionizededucationsystem

B.Edison’spredictionhasbeenprovedwrong

C.Edisonencouragedschoolstoinstallcinemascreens

D.SchoolsarecautiousaboutEdison’sidea

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.comparingthetestscoresofstudentsindifferentagegroups.

B.interviewingteachersabouttheirteachingmethods.

C.launchingthecomputerprograminmanyIsraelischools.

D.explainingstudents’schoolperformance.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.otheraspectsofeducationwereaffectedduetocashshortage

B.itwasnotlongenoughfortheprogramtotakeeffect

C.therewasanegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores

D.theuseofcomputerwasnobetterthanotherteachingmethods

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.therehasn’tbeenaproperstudyonthisissueyet

B.schoolauthoritiesshouldprovideprooftosupportthecomputerprogram

C.installingcomputersinschoolscoststoomuch,buthaslittleornoeffect

D.chalkandtalkworkbetterthancomputerinteaching

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.biased

B.indifferent

C.disapproving

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者提到愛(ài)迪生的預(yù)言，隨后指出“weallmakemistakes.”說(shuō)明愛(ài)迪生的這個(gè)預(yù)言是錯(cuò)誤的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容可知，發(fā)動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)項(xiàng)目是國(guó)家政府做的，兩位研究人員只是負(fù)責(zé)該項(xiàng)目的研究，所以選項(xiàng)C不正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文可知，作者提出了三種可能性，最后一種的可能性最大。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.”第三種解釋是最簡(jiǎn)單的：在教學(xué)中使用計(jì)算機(jī)并不比其他教學(xué)方法更好(也許更糟)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,...”要證明他們的觀點(diǎn)，唯一可靠的方法當(dāng)然是進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)难芯俊Ｓ纱丝赏茢鄦幔壳瓣P(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)难芯浚x項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者提到雖然愛(ài)迪生的預(yù)言是錯(cuò)誤的，但至少愛(ài)迪生沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)大量的公共資金在全國(guó)各地的學(xué)校里安裝電影屏幕。隨即在下文提到有的國(guó)家卻這樣做了，以及這樣做并沒(méi)有帶來(lái)好的反響。說(shuō)明作者對(duì)政府在學(xué)校里包裝電腦的態(tài)度是否定的，選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.單選題

ThetragedyoftheCHALLENGER（

）anongoingcontroversyonallaspectsofAmerica’sspaceprogram.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aroused

B.rose

C.arose

D.lifted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。arouse意為“激起，引起（反應(yīng)或態(tài)度）”；rise意為“上升，攀升，提高”，其過(guò)去式為rose；arise是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”，其過(guò)去式為arose；lift意為“舉起，抬起”。

句意：挑戰(zhàn)者的悲劇在美國(guó)太空計(jì)劃的各個(gè)方面引起了持續(xù)不斷的爭(zhēng)議。

6.單選題

Revolutionsareoftencausedwhenthelegitimacyofagovernmentisquestionedbythepeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.validity

B.effectiveness

C.bureaucracy

D.prejudice

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)政府的……受到人民的質(zhì)疑時(shí)，革命事件就會(huì)爆發(fā)。validity“（法律上的）有效，合法性”；effectiveness“有效”；bureaucracy“官僚主義"；prejudice“偏見(jiàn)”。根據(jù)“ofagovernment”可以推測(cè)出劃線單詞的意思是“合法性”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

The（）effectsofthespawereevidentinherrosycheeksandbouncysteps.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abortive

B.waggish

C.salubrious

D.portentous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)abortive“失敗的；流產(chǎn)的；墮胎的”；B選項(xiàng)waggish“愛(ài)開(kāi)玩笑的；滑稽的”；C選項(xiàng)salubrious“清爽的；有益健康的”；D選項(xiàng)portentous“不祥的；預(yù)兆的；令人驚訝的”。句意：水療有益健康的效果在她紅潤(rùn)的臉頰和輕快的步伐上明顯地表現(xiàn)了出來(lái)。由句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thejourneyusuallytakesfiveweeksbutyoushould（）delayscausedbybadweather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrangefor

B.accountfor

C.allowfor

D.applyfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)arrangefor“安排、安頓”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“說(shuō)明、解釋”；C選項(xiàng)allowfor“考慮到、估計(jì)”；D選項(xiàng)applyfor“申請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求”，句意為：這趟旅行通常需要五個(gè)星期，但你應(yīng)該把惡劣天氣造成的延誤考慮在內(nèi)。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Owingtotheunpredictableweather,thearrangementsaresubjecttochange.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supposed

B.about

C.liable

D.bound

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。Besubjectto表示“有……傾向，受支配”；A項(xiàng)besupposedto“被期望，應(yīng)該”，B項(xiàng)beaboutto“即將，剛要”，C項(xiàng)beliableto“有……傾向，易于”，D項(xiàng)beboundto“必然，一定要”。句意：由于天氣變化莫測(cè)，安排可能會(huì)有所改變。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Traditionalfairytalesarebeingditchedbyparentsbecausetheyaretoo（

）fortheiryoungchildren,astudyfound.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scarce

B.scary

C.scared

D.scarred

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；scary“可怕的，恐怖的”；scared“害怕的”；scarred“傷痕累累的”。句意：一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，父母?jìng)冋谵饤墏鹘y(tǒng)的童話(huà)故事，因?yàn)樗鼈兲植溃贿m合年幼的兒童。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Ithinkwecan（）withtheusualformalitiessinceweallknoweachotheralready.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispose

B.dispatch

C.dispense

D.discharge

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了同形詞辨析。dispose“處理；處置”；dispatch“派遣”；dispense“分配”；discharge“免除”，這里要表達(dá)的意思是省去、免除客套的東西，所以應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞discharge，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。句意為：既然我們?cè)缇鸵呀?jīng)彼此認(rèn)識(shí)了，所以我覺(jué)得我們可以免去那些客套話(huà)。

12.單選題

The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”；B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格；詳述”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜；頻譜；范圍；余象”；D選項(xiàng)subscription“捐獻(xiàn)；訂閱；訂金”。句意：天才兒童將根據(jù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)于下周開(kāi)始______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里應(yīng)該指將學(xué)生進(jìn)行分班，A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,（）uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inwhich

B.forwhom

C.withwhich

D.ofwhom

【答案】D

【解析】句意:那門(mén)課程每學(xué)年通常會(huì)吸引二十名學(xué)生選修，他們中有一半是留學(xué)生。

語(yǔ)法題。考查定語(yǔ)從句。該句中，先行詞是20students，后面句子表示“20名學(xué)生中有一半是留學(xué)生”。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalablekillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills”.Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecoursesveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

Aschoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,andabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisfavorof（）.

2.Theword“fluctuate”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolshould（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself.

B.Aconstructionworkers.

C.Acarrepairman.

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillsaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow

B.schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes

C.extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning

D.manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章最后一段第三句“…ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated”，如果學(xué)習(xí)能讓他們更好地了解周?chē)氖澜纾苓m應(yīng)不斷變化的世界，那么他們就沒(méi)有被欺騙。這說(shuō)明作者贊同讓學(xué)生能了解周?chē)澜纭⑦m應(yīng)世界變化的通識(shí)教育。A選項(xiàng)“teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket”意為“教授能在當(dāng)前就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上出售的實(shí)用技能”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為就業(yè)市場(chǎng)是不斷變化的，把年輕男女輸送到只有有限技能的世界，是在把羔羊送入虎穴，所以作者是不贊同的；B選項(xiàng)“aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes”意為“隨時(shí)代變化的靈活課程”，作者對(duì)于這種課程的態(tài)度是“Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?”但這種努力不會(huì)是徒勞的嗎？所以作者是不贊同的；C選項(xiàng)“aliberaleducation”意為“通識(shí)教育”，與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket”意為“保持勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)供求平衡”，原文“thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord”我們不可能使勞動(dòng)力的供求完全一致，所以作者是不贊同的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由fluctuate定位到文章第一段第六句“Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates”，隨著就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的波動(dòng)，技能是可售性變化的另一個(gè)例子。并且由后文可知，therapidchangesinthejobmarket就業(yè)市場(chǎng)是快速變化的。A選項(xiàng)“remainsteady”，意為“保持穩(wěn)定”，與原文不符；B選項(xiàng)“changeinanirregularway”意為“不規(guī)則的變化”，與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“followasetpattern”意為“遵循固定模式”，原文并未提及就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的變化有固定的模式；D選項(xiàng)“becomeworseandworse”意為“變得越來(lái)越糟”，原文只是指變化但沒(méi)有說(shuō)是往糟糕的方向發(fā)展。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由highunemployment定位到文章第二段。文章第二段提到現(xiàn)在是個(gè)高失業(yè)率的時(shí)代，首先從反面舉例如果只學(xué)會(huì)少數(shù)技能就進(jìn)入社會(huì)等于羊入虎穴，接著又說(shuō)到學(xué)習(xí)理解和適應(yīng)這個(gè)改變的世界能更快找到工作，最后總結(jié)道“Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills”學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)是最高的不受限制的技能之一，因此有自學(xué)能力的更容易找到工作。A選項(xiàng)“Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself”意為“有自學(xué)能力的人”，符合原文；B選項(xiàng)“Aconstructionworkers”意為“一位建筑工人”，C選項(xiàng)“Acarrepairman”意為“一位汽車(chē)修理工”和D選項(xiàng)“Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills”意為“一個(gè)有相當(dāng)多的銷(xiāo)售技巧的人”，都只是掌握了少數(shù)技能，但不是自學(xué)的能力。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由developingacurriculumschool定位到文章第一段第七句“What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusively…inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket”即發(fā)展課程就必須使課程非常短，并經(jīng)常更換它們，以跟上就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的快速變化。由此可推測(cè)，現(xiàn)代課程的著重點(diǎn)在于適應(yīng)變化的能力。A選項(xiàng)“predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket”意為“預(yù)測(cè)技能在未來(lái)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的銷(xiāo)路”，原文未提及預(yù)測(cè)技能的銷(xiāo)路，是強(qiáng)調(diào)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)是不斷變化的，要去適應(yīng)這種變化；B選項(xiàng)“takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration”意為“把當(dāng)前的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)也考慮進(jìn)去”，就業(yè)市場(chǎng)是一直變化的，所以重點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)變化；C選項(xiàng)“considerwhatskillsaresalable”意為“考慮哪些技能是可以銷(xiāo)售的”，可銷(xiāo)售的技能是需要不斷更換的，所以不是課程的重點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges”意為“關(guān)注適應(yīng)變化的能力”，符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需逐個(gè)分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“l(fā)iberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow”意為“通識(shí)教育現(xiàn)在正受到挑戰(zhàn)”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes”意為“在不景氣的時(shí)候，教授實(shí)用技能的學(xué)校表現(xiàn)更好”，與原文相反，學(xué)會(huì)有限技能的人進(jìn)入社會(huì)只是羊入虎口，所以最關(guān)鍵的技能是自學(xué)能力；C選項(xiàng)“extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning”意為“課外活動(dòng)比課堂學(xué)習(xí)更重要”，原文是指有自學(xué)能力的人在校外也能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)課外活動(dòng)就比課堂學(xué)習(xí)更重要；D選項(xiàng)“manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem”意為“許多學(xué)生覺(jué)得教育制度欺騙了他們”，原文是如果他們獲得的只是銷(xiāo)售技能，不能隨就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的變化而變化，那么他們就是受騙了，但這不是學(xué)生的想法，是作者的觀點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Formillionsofyearsbeforetheappearanceoftheelectriclight,shiftwork,all-nightcableTVandtheInternet,earth’screaturesevolvedinaplanetwithpredictableandreassuring24-hourrhythms.Ourbiologicalclocksaresetforthisdailycycle.Simply,ourbodieswanttosleepatnightandbeawakeduringtheday.Mostwomenandmenneedbetweeneightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperlythroughouttheirlives.（Contrarytopopularbeliefhumansdon'tneedlesssleepastheyage.）

Butonaverage,Americanssleeponlyaboutsevenandahalfhourspernight,amarkeddropfromtheninehourstheyaveragedin1910.What’sworse,nearlyonethirdofallAmericansgetlessthansixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknight.Formostpeople,that’snotnearlyenough.

32.Findingwaystogetmoreandbettersleepcanbeachallenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinyuplateandbytravelingfrequentlvbetweentimezonesorbyworkingnights.Dr.JamesF.JonesatNationalJewishMedicalandResearchCenterinDenversaysthatsleepdisordersareoftendiagnosedasotherdiscomforts.Aboutonethirdofthepatientsreferredtohimwithpossiblechronicfatiguesyndromeactuallyhavetreatablesleepdisorders."Beforewedoanythingelse,welookattheirsleep.”Johnsays.

Sleepexpertssaythatmostpeoplewouldbenefitfromagoodlookattheirsleeppatterns.“Mymotto（座右銘）is'Sleepdefensively',"saysMaryCarskadonofBrownUniversity.Shesayspeopleneedtocarveoutsufficienttimetosleep,evenifitmeansgivingupotherthings.Sleeproutines—likegoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday—areimportant.Pre-bedtimeactivitiesalsomakeadifference.AswithEisner,whousedtosufferfromsleeplessness,afewlifestylechanges——avoidingstimulantsandlatemeals,exercisinghoursbeforebedtime,relaxingwithahotbath-yieldbettersleep.

1.WhatisTRUEofhumansleep?

2.Forourbodiestofunctionproperly,weshould（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,manysleepingdisordersarecausedby（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingmeasurescanhelpyousleepbetter?

5.“Sleepdefensively”meansthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Onaverage,peopleintheU.S.todaysleeplesspernightthantheyusedto.

B.Formostpeople,lessthansixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknightisenough.

C.Mostpeopleneedlesssleepwhentheygrowolder.

D.Mostpeopleneedsevenandahalfhoursofsleepeverynight.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.adjustouractivitiestothenewinventions

B.beabletopredicttherhythmsofourbiologicalclocks

C.sleepforatleasteighthourspernight

D.believethatweneedlesssleepasweage

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.impropersleeppatterns

B.chronicfatiguesyndrome

C.otherdiseases

D.pre-bedtimeexercises

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Havinglatemeals.

B.Travelingbetweentimezones.

C.Stayinguplate.

D.Takingahotbath.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldsacrificeotherthingstogettingenoughsleepifnecessary

B.peopleshouldgiveupgoinguptobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday

C.peopleshouldgotoadoctorandhavetheirproblemsdiagnosed

D.peopleshouldexerciseimmediatelybeforegoingtobedeverynight

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段Butonaverage,Americanssleeponlyaboutsevenandahalfhourspernight,amarkeddropfromtheninehourstheyaveragedin1910.What’sworse,nearlyonethirdofallAmericansgetlessthansixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknight.Formostpeople,that’snotnearlyenough.但美國(guó)人平均每晚只睡7.5個(gè)小時(shí)，與1910年的平均9個(gè)小時(shí)相比有顯著下降。更糟糕的是，近三分之一的美國(guó)人每晚的正常工作時(shí)間不足6小時(shí)。對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。可知A項(xiàng)“平均而言，現(xiàn)在美國(guó)人每晚的睡眠時(shí)間比過(guò)去少。”正確；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，工作的晚上，睡眠時(shí)間少于6小時(shí)就足夠了。”錯(cuò)誤。由第一段Mostwomenandmenneedbetweeneightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperlythroughouttheirlives.(Contrarytopopularbeliefhumansdon'tneedlesssleepastheyage.)多數(shù)女性和男性每晚需要8到8個(gè)半小時(shí)的睡眠身體才能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)地度過(guò)一生。(與人們普遍認(rèn)為的相反，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，人類(lèi)并不需要更少的睡眠。)可知C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由Mostwomenandmenneedbetweeneightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperlythroughouttheirlives.(Contrarytopopularbeliefhumansdon'tneedlesssleepastheyage.)多數(shù)女性和男性每晚需要8到8個(gè)半小時(shí)的睡眠身體才能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)地度過(guò)一生。(與人們普遍認(rèn)為的相反，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，人類(lèi)并不需要更少的睡眠。)可知為了保持身體正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，我們應(yīng)該保證至少8小時(shí)的睡眠。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinyuplateandbytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworkingnights.但很多睡眠問(wèn)題都是由熬夜、頻繁的跨時(shí)區(qū)旅行或夜間工作造成的。”可知大部分睡眠問(wèn)題是有不恰當(dāng)?shù)乃吣Ｊ揭鸬摹９蔄項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后的一段Sleeproutines—likegoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday—areimportant.Pre-bedtimeactivitiesalsomakeadifference.AswithEisner,whousedtosufferfromsleeplessness,afewlifestylechanges——avoidingstimulantsandlatemeals,exercisinghoursbeforebedtime,relaxingwithahotbath-yieldbettersleep.睡眠規(guī)律——比如每天在同一時(shí)間睡覺(jué)和起床——是很重要的。睡前活動(dòng)也很重要。與艾斯納一樣，他過(guò)去也經(jīng)常失眠，生活方式的一些改變——避免服用興奮劑和晚吃飯、睡前幾小時(shí)鍛煉、泡熱水澡放松——有助于睡眠。可知D項(xiàng)“睡前洗熱水澡可以促進(jìn)睡眠”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由Sleepdefensively’,’’saysMaryCarskadonofBrownUniversity.Shesayspeopleneedtocarveoutsufficienttimetosleep,evenifitmeansgivingupotherthings.布朗大學(xué)的MaryCarskadon說(shuō)，睡眠防守是她的座右銘，人們需要留出足夠的時(shí)間睡覺(jué)，即使這意味著放棄其他事情。聯(lián)系下文可知Sleepdefensively指代人們需要留出足夠的睡覺(jué)時(shí)間。故A項(xiàng)正確。BD兩項(xiàng)表述有誤，C項(xiàng)與“睡眠防守”無(wú)關(guān)。

16.單選題

Althoughthesestatesandtheirpeopleare___,theysharethecommongoalofeconomicdevelopment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.controversial

B.involved

C.diverse

D.visible

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.controversial有爭(zhēng)議的；有爭(zhēng)論的B.involved有關(guān)的；卷入的；復(fù)雜的

C.diverse不同的；多樣化的D.visible明顯的；看得見(jiàn)的；現(xiàn)有的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“共同目標(biāo)（commongoal）”可知：這些地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)相同。空格處的從句用although連接，表示盡管。這句話(huà)的意思為盡管這些地區(qū)和人……所以空格處應(yīng)該填一個(gè)與后面“相同”的反義詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)diverse“不同的；多樣化的”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“不同的”以滿(mǎn)足上述條件。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】盡管這些國(guó)家及其人民各不相同，但他們都有共同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。

17.單選題

Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckedit

fordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.borderguardsmadeusto

B.getoutofthecar

C.whiletheycheckeditfordrugs

D.otherforbiddenitems

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】A

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉to。make“使得；進(jìn)行”為使役動(dòng)詞,后面一般跟動(dòng)詞原形。

18.單選題

Ifyouaskanagenttohelpyoufindanapartment,youhavetopayhima（

）beforeyoucanrentthehouse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fine

B.premise

C.premium

D.visit

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fine“罰款”；premise“前提，假定”；premium“額外費(fèi)用，獎(jiǎng)金，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)”；visit“訪問(wèn)，參觀”。句意：如果你讓中介幫你找公寓，在你租房前需要支付額外費(fèi)用給他。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

Ittookusonlyafewhoursto______thepaperoffallfourwalls.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shear

B.scrape

C.stroke

D.chip

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.shear給（羊）剪（羊毛），剪（頭發(fā)）

B.scrape刮掉，削去

C.stroke輕撫，撫摩（動(dòng)物的