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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-井岡山大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Youhavetopaya(n)premiumforexpressdelivery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extratip

B.extrabonus

C.extracharge

D.extraprice

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.extratip額外的小費(fèi)B.extrabonus額外的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

C.extracharge額外費(fèi)用D.extraprice額外價(jià)格

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句的意思是如果要寄特快專遞的話,就要收取額外的費(fèi)用,原詞premium“附加費(fèi)”,C選項(xiàng)extracharge“額外的服務(wù)費(fèi)”符合該語(yǔ)境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)extratip“額外的小費(fèi)”,小費(fèi)一般是給服務(wù)員的,如餐廳服務(wù)員或者理發(fā)師,為了感謝他們的服務(wù);

B選項(xiàng)extrabonus“額外的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”,原句是要收費(fèi),而不是給獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);

D選項(xiàng)extraprice“額外價(jià)格”,側(cè)重于指溢價(jià),比如快遞費(fèi)本來(lái)是8元,但是由于疫情,快遞小哥少,寄快遞漲價(jià)了(假設(shè)),要10元,中間漲的2元就屬于extraprice“額外價(jià)格”。

【句意】寄特快專遞的話,你得付額外費(fèi)用。

2.單選題

Withinthehourtheshowiscanceledandeveryonereturnstothehotelto______theirsorrows.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pour

B.swallow

C.suffer

D.drown

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pour傾倒,倒出B.swallow吞下;咽下

C.suffer(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦,受難D.drown(使)淹死;淹沒(méi),浸沒(méi)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句“不到一小時(shí),演出就取消了”可知,每個(gè)人都是沉浸在悲傷之中,所以空格處表示“沉浸”符合句意,而drownone’ssorrow可以表示“沉浸在悲傷之中”,所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B項(xiàng)不符合句意;

C項(xiàng)suffer要與from連用,故排除。

【句意】不到一小時(shí),演出就取消了,每個(gè)人都回到酒店沉浸在憂傷里。

3.單選題

—Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?

—Ofcourse.Whatisit?

—I______ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadwondered

B.waswondering

C.wouldwonder

D.hadbeenwondering

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。wonder表示“想知道,感到疑惑”,后面接if或者whether可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,常用來(lái)表示一種委婉的請(qǐng)求或者疑問(wèn)。這個(gè)句子表達(dá)的是一種委婉的請(qǐng)求,根據(jù)之前的語(yǔ)境可知,這里表達(dá)的是“我剛剛一直在想……”,所以要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),B項(xiàng)符合。A項(xiàng)是過(guò)去完成時(shí),D項(xiàng)是過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),但是句子并不是基于事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去的一個(gè)狀態(tài),所以A、D選項(xiàng)排除。C選項(xiàng)表示將來(lái)。句意:我想知道您能否告訴我如何填寫這張表格。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

4.翻譯題

WhensomeAmericansspeakofthevirtuesofEnglish,theyalmostalwaysbeginbyglorifyingitsenormousvocabulary,whichisatleasttwiceaslargeasthatofanyotherlanguage.Butthisisnotwhatenchantstheforeigner;onthecontrary,thevastreachesofthevocabularynaturallyalarmhim.Thethingthatreallywinshimistheclarityandsimplicityofthelanguage.Weuse,forallourstoreofLatinpolysyllables,agreatmanymoreshortwordsthanlongones,andwearealwaystryingtomakethelongonesshort.Whatwasoncepuniligrionisnowpun;whatwasgasolineonlyyesterdayisalreadygas.NootherEuropeanlanguagehassomanythree-letterwords,norsomanyfour-wordsayings.“Firstcome,firstserved”—thatistypicallyEnglish,foritisbold,plain,andshort.

【答案】當(dāng)一些美國(guó)人談及英語(yǔ)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí),幾乎總是一開(kāi)始就贊美其詞匯量之龐大,英語(yǔ)的詞匯比任何其他語(yǔ)言的詞匯至少多一倍。然而,吸引外國(guó)人的并不是詞匯量大,相反,浩瀚的詞匯很容易令外國(guó)人擔(dān)憂。真正贏得外國(guó)人的是英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)練和淳樸的特征。盡管英語(yǔ)中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音節(jié)詞,但我們卻更多地使用短語(yǔ),少用長(zhǎng)詞。而且,我們總是努力把長(zhǎng)詞縮短。以前使用puniligrion,現(xiàn)在縮短成了pun;昨天還是gasoline,今天已成為gas。歐洲沒(méi)有任何一種其他語(yǔ)言有這么多由三個(gè)字母構(gòu)成的單詞,也沒(méi)有如此多由四個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)言。“Firstcomes,firstserved(先到先供應(yīng))”便是典型的英語(yǔ),因?yàn)樗荒苛巳弧銓?shí)無(wú)華、短小精悍。

5.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Theword“winner”and“l(fā)oser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthentically(真實(shí)地)bybeingcredible,trustworthy,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawed(敬畏)bythem.

【答案】“勝利者”與“失敗者”有很多含義。當(dāng)我們談到某個(gè)人是勝利者的時(shí)候,我們不是說(shuō)他通過(guò)打倒某人取勝了。在我們看來(lái),勝利者就是一個(gè)值得信賴,敢于承擔(dān)責(zé)任并且誠(chéng)懇的人——作為個(gè)體或作為社會(huì)一員都是如此。

成功者敢于獨(dú)立思考,敢于運(yùn)用自身的學(xué)識(shí)。他們能夠分清事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn),明辨是非,不會(huì)裝作無(wú)所不知。他們傾聽(tīng)他人的見(jiàn)解,品評(píng)他人的言論,但形成自己的結(jié)論。雖然成功者也會(huì)欽佩他人,敬重他人,但他們絕不會(huì)受制于他人,為他人所束縛,不會(huì)畏懼他人,或?yàn)樗怂鶕艨濉?/p>

6.單選題

Totheextentthatdemocracyhasspread,itisbecauseitisaneffectivemethodofholdingrulersaccountabletotheirpeople,andnotsimplybecauseofitsculturalprestige.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolution

B.impact

C.fame

D.conversion

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.evolution演變,發(fā)展B.impact撞擊

C.fame名聲,聲譽(yù)D.conversion轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】prestige的意思為“威信,聲望”,民主傳播不僅僅是因?yàn)槠湮幕曂琭ame與之詞義相近,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】就民主傳播的程度而言,這是因?yàn)樗且环N讓統(tǒng)治者對(duì)其人民負(fù)責(zé)的有效方法,而不僅僅是因?yàn)樗奈幕曂?/p>

7.單選題

Themost(

)featureofthebuildingisitsenormousdome-shapedroof.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinctive

B.instinctive

C.definite

D.infinite

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。distinctive“與眾不同的”;instinctive“本能的”;definite“明確的”;infinite“無(wú)限的”。句意:這棟建筑的最與眾不同的特點(diǎn)就是它那巨大的圓形屋頂。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Thegeographicallocationofacountryanditsphysical(1)areveryimportanttoitsdevelopmentand

(2)

.TheUnitedStatesisvery

(3)inthis

(4)

.

(5)

,ithasgood

(6)

Inalmostevery

(7)

ofthecountryitispossibletolive

(8)

duringthewholeyear.Itistruethatinthesouthitsometimesgetsveryhotandinthenorthverycold.Butthepeoplewholiveintheseregionsbecome

(9)

totheclimateandnever

(10)

muchwhentheweatheriteitherveryhotorverycold.Inalargecountrythereisusuallyagreat

(11)

ofdifferentphysicalcharacteristics.IntheUnitedStates,therearewideplainsandhighmountains,thousandsoflakesandriversofall

(12)

,coolforestsandhotdeserts,andacoastlineseveralthousandmileslong.Themanylakesandrivers,

(13)

thelongcoastline,havebeen

(14)

greatimportancetothedevelopmentofthecountry,sincetheymadepossibletheeasy(15)

ofthepeopleandallthethingspeople

(16)

.Shipsandboatsarestillnecessaryandimportant.Inmodem

(17)

.

(18)

,trains,automobiles,trucksandairplanesaredoingmuchofthe

(19)

whichwas(20)donebyshipsandboats.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.position

B.character

C.characteristics

D.differences

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.advance

B.progress

C.marching

D.prospect

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.fortunate

B.luck

C.happy

D.favorable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.area

B.region

C.meaning

D.respect

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Inaword

B.Firstofall

C.Afterall

D.Overall

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.climate

B.atmosphere

C.weather

D.air

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.part

B.section

C.expanse

D.sector

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.leisurely

B.idly

C.comfortably

D.pleasantly

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.accustomed

B.co-operative

C.prepared

D.adjustable

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.damage

B.suffer

C.fear

D.frightened

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.variety

B.amount

C.many

D.deal

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.areas

B.sizes

C.bigness

D.volumes

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.aswellas

B.besides

C.exceptfor

D.inadditionto

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.to

C.in

D.as

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.mobilization

B.extension

C.transportation

D.connections

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.longfor

B.need

C.eat

D.have

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.epoch

B.age

C.times

D.era

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.whereas

C.otherwise

D.moreover

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.job

B.work

C.occupation

D.profession

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.formally

B.lately

C.recently

D.formerly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】(1)詞義與詞形辨析。文章第一句話的意思是“一個(gè)國(guó)家的地理位置及其環(huán)境特征對(duì)于這個(gè)國(guó)家的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步十分重要”,根據(jù)句意確定B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)意思都符合,再根據(jù)下文的“hot”和“cold”可知此處表示“環(huán)境特征”時(shí)應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù),所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

(2)詞義與詞形辨析。And連接的兩個(gè)詞表示并列,與development并列,表示“進(jìn)步”,B選項(xiàng)的progress最合適。

(3)語(yǔ)法邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞very可知此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞,B選項(xiàng)排除。并且根據(jù)文章第三句中的關(guān)鍵詞good可以推斷出此處填入一個(gè)積極的詞匯,A選項(xiàng)的fortunate“幸運(yùn)的”,C選項(xiàng)的happy“幸福的”和D選項(xiàng)的favorable“有利的,贊許的”,A選項(xiàng)的fortunate符合題意。

(4)詞組及固定搭配。inthisrespect“在這個(gè)方面”,D選項(xiàng)正確。

(5)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的inaword“總之,簡(jiǎn)言之”,總結(jié)前文所述;B選項(xiàng)的firstofall“首先”,連接上下文;C選項(xiàng)的afterall“畢竟,終究”:D選項(xiàng)的overall“從頭到尾”,文章在此處是對(duì)美國(guó)優(yōu)越的地理位置及其環(huán)境特征進(jìn)行列舉說(shuō)明,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

(6)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的climate一般指比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間氣候狀況,B選項(xiàng)的atmosphere側(cè)重于指氛圍或者大氣,C選項(xiàng)的weather—般指特定地區(qū)在一定時(shí)間的氣象情況,D選項(xiàng)的air常常指空氣,根據(jù)下文“Itistruethatinthesouthsometimesgetsveryhotandinthenorthverycold”可知此處應(yīng)指氣候。A選項(xiàng)正確。

(7)詞義與詞形辨析。part和section都可以表示“部分”。section更具體,往往是一個(gè)整體分成了幾塊,而一個(gè)section就是其中一塊,part可以用的范圍更廣泛一些,也可以抽象一些,它的大小是很模糊的,所以當(dāng)表示“在這個(gè)國(guó)家的每個(gè)部分”時(shí)應(yīng)該用section。

(8)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的leisurely“悠閑地,從容地”;B選項(xiàng)的idly“無(wú)所事事地,懶惰地”;C選項(xiàng)的comfortably“舒適地”;D選項(xiàng)的pleasantly‘‘愉快地,和藹地”,上文已說(shuō)明美國(guó)的自然特性好,因此這里應(yīng)指在美國(guó),差不多在每個(gè)地區(qū),人們整年都有可能生活得很舒服,C選項(xiàng)的comfortably符合題意。

(9)詞組及固定搭配。becomeaccustomedto習(xí)慣于”。

(10)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的damage“損害”;B選項(xiàng)的suffer“遭受,忍受,受痛苦”;C選項(xiàng)的fear“恐懼,害怕”;D選項(xiàng)的frightened“使吃驚,嚇走”,上文說(shuō)到,南方有時(shí)會(huì)很熱,北方有時(shí)會(huì)很冷,但生活在那里的人已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了那種氣候,當(dāng)天氣非常熱或非常冷的時(shí)候并不會(huì)遭受很多痛苦。所以B選項(xiàng)suffer正確。

(11)詞組及固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)的agreatvarietyof“各種各樣的”;B選項(xiàng)的agreatamountof“大量的”;;C選項(xiàng)的agreatmanyof“大量的”,D選項(xiàng)的agreatdealof“大量的”此處的句意是“大國(guó)家通常有各種各樣不同的環(huán)境特征”,所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

(12)詞組及固定搭配。riversofallsizes“大大小小的湖泊,各種規(guī)模的河流”。

(13)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的aswellas“也,還,和”,連接兩個(gè)并列成分;B選項(xiàng)的besides著重于指“另外還有”;C選項(xiàng)的exceptfor多用于在說(shuō)明基本情況或?qū)χ饕糠旨右钥隙ǎ€引出相反的原因或細(xì)節(jié),從而部分地修正前面的主要意思,含惋惜意味;D選項(xiàng)的inadditionto“除之外還”。這句話的句意是‘許多湖泊和河流和漫長(zhǎng)的海岸線,對(duì)國(guó)家的發(fā)展起到了非常重要的作用。’所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

(14)詞組及固定搭配。beof“具有的性質(zhì)”。

(15)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的mobilization‘動(dòng)員,調(diào)動(dòng)‘;B選項(xiàng)的extension‘延長(zhǎng),擴(kuò)展’;C選項(xiàng)的transportation‘運(yùn)輸,交通’;D選項(xiàng)的connections‘連接,關(guān)系’。上文中提到的湖泊和長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的海岸線是對(duì)運(yùn)輸有利的,故此處的意思應(yīng)該為“使便利的運(yùn)輸成為可能”,所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

(16)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的longfor‘渴望’;B選項(xiàng)的need‘需要’;C選項(xiàng)的eat‘吃’;D選項(xiàng)的have‘有’。句子意思為“眾多的湖泊、河流以及長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的海岸線使得人的交通和人們所需物品的運(yùn)輸成為可能,故對(duì)國(guó)家的發(fā)展意義重大”,所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

(17)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的epoch正式用詞,側(cè)重指以某重大事件或巨大變化為起點(diǎn)的新的歷史時(shí)期;B選項(xiàng)的age常指具有顯著特征或以某杰出人物命名的歷史時(shí)代或時(shí)期;C選項(xiàng)的times側(cè)重某一特定時(shí)期,inmodemtimes表示“當(dāng)今,現(xiàn)代”;D選項(xiàng)的era書面語(yǔ)用詞,指歷史上的紀(jì)元、年代,可與epoch和age互換。C選項(xiàng)正確。

(18)語(yǔ)法邏輯關(guān)系。文章最后兩句的意思是說(shuō)“船舶在運(yùn)輸方面起到了重要作用,但是在現(xiàn)代,火車、汽車、卡車和飛機(jī)在做很多以前由船舶所做的工作”,兩個(gè)句子是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,所以A選項(xiàng)‘however’符合題意。

(19)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的job指具體的職業(yè)或零工,是可數(shù)名詞;B選項(xiàng)的work指人們?nèi)粘I詈凸ぷ髦袕氖碌捏w力或腦力勞動(dòng),是不可數(shù)名詞;C選項(xiàng)的occupation指一個(gè)人經(jīng)常擔(dān)任的工作,不論是否領(lǐng)取工資;D選項(xiàng)的profession指人的職業(yè)。句子意思是“火車、汽車、卡車和飛機(jī)在做很多以前由船舶所做的工作”,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

(20)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項(xiàng)的formally“正式地,形式上”;B選項(xiàng)的lately“近來(lái),不久前”;C選項(xiàng)的recently“最近”;D選項(xiàng)的formerly“以前,原來(lái)”,句子意思是“火車、汽車、卡車和飛機(jī)在做很多以前由船舶所做的工作”,D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.翻譯題

工作使人忙碌,讓人不會(huì)感到寂寞、孤獨(dú)。工作給人以充實(shí)感和成就感。研究表明,人們無(wú)事可做時(shí)會(huì)感到不愉快、憂慮、孤獨(dú)。相反,忙于工作的人感到最愉快。許多熱愛(ài)事業(yè)、卓有成就的人感到在努力工作時(shí)最幸福。工作起到人與現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的橋梁作用:通過(guò)工作,人們彼此接觸;通過(guò)集體活動(dòng),人們得到友誼和溫暖。由此我們可以得出結(jié)論:工作能使人幸福,使人健康。

【答案】Workmakesonebusy,makesonefeelneitherlonelynorsolitary.Workgivesoneasenseofenrichmentandasenseofachievement.Researchindicatesthatpeoplefeelunhappy,concernedandsolitarywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Onthecontrary,peoplebusywiththeirworkfeelextremelyhappy.Manypeoplelovingtheircareerandhavingmadetheirprominentachievementsfeelveryhappywhileworkinghard.Workservesasabridgebetweenpeopleandreality.Throughwork,peopleareabletocomeintocontactwithoneanother.Throughcollectiveactivities,peoplegetfriendshipandwarmth.Thuswecanreachtheconclusionthatworkcanmakeonehappyandhealthy.

10.單選題

ShanghaiOrientMenBasketballTeamattributedits______NationalLeagueBasketballTournamentin2002toanumberof______factors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.losing;ominous

B.embarrassing;optimistic

C.wining;advantageous

D.winning;adventurous

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞匯辨析。A選項(xiàng)losing“損失;失敗”;ominous“預(yù)兆的;不吉利的”;B選項(xiàng)embarrassing“使人尷尬的;令人為難的”;optimistic“樂(lè)觀的;樂(lè)觀主義的”;C選項(xiàng)wining“勝利,致勝”;advantageous“有利的;有益的”;D選項(xiàng)wining“勝利,致勝”;adventurous“愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的;大膽的;充滿危險(xiǎn)的”。句意:上海東方男籃將2002年全國(guó)籃球聯(lián)賽的勝利歸功于諸多有利因素。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave(

)suppliesofpetroleum.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意:歐盟國(guó)家曾擔(dān)心他們石油供應(yīng)不足。

形容詞辨析。Proficient熟練的,精通的;efficient有效率的,生效的;potential潛在的,可能的;sufficient足夠的,充分的。故D符合句意。

12.翻譯題

Heisaformerscientistwhotransitionedtoindustrymanyyearsagoandthenontoaseniormanagementposition.

【答案】他曾是一名科學(xué)家,多年前轉(zhuǎn)行到工業(yè)界,然后擔(dān)任高級(jí)管理職位。

13.單選題

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered()ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indistinctly

B.irrelevantly

C.independently

D.separately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。indistinctly“朦朧地,不明了地”,不跟of連用;irrelevantly“不相干地(與介詞to連用),不切題地”;independently“獨(dú)立地,自立地”,可與介詞of連用;separately“分別地,分離地(與介詞from連用),個(gè)別地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“inseparableinfact”(實(shí)際上不可分割)知空格處應(yīng)該填寫“分開(kāi)的或獨(dú)立的”。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000,saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays,“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT(

).

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

).

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

).

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)desolate“荒涼的”;B選項(xiàng)poor“貧窮的”;C選項(xiàng)bustling“繁忙的”;D選項(xiàng)thriving“繁榮的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.(這個(gè)有1480人的漁村是一個(gè)荒涼而孤獨(dú)的地方)可知Sandgerdi是一個(gè)荒涼的地方,因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.(他們說(shuō)性別差距不是來(lái)自資質(zhì)的差別,而是學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力的差別)可知D選項(xiàng)“男孩們把更多的時(shí)間花在兼職上”符合題意,A、B、C選項(xiàng)都與“學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力”有關(guān)。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.(盡管61%的大學(xué)生是女性,但她們只占冰島理科學(xué)生的三分之一。當(dāng)他們進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)時(shí),許多人被男性所取代,他們成為醫(yī)生、工程師和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)人員)可知C選項(xiàng)“男人扮演著更重要的角色”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.(教育家們說(shuō),他們看到許多聰明的女孩在面對(duì)真實(shí)的、面對(duì)面的與男孩的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)突然退縮)可知A選項(xiàng)“她們對(duì)自己缺乏信心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了在冰島上的Sandgerdi由于男女學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)不一樣,女生在數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)上男生優(yōu)秀,因此B選項(xiàng)“女生在數(shù)學(xué)上占統(tǒng)治地位的地方”符合題意。

15.單選題

Microfinanceisananti-povertytool.Ifyoumakesmallloanstogroupsofpoorwomen,theyalwaysrepaythemontime.Microfinancehasgrownrapidlyinmanycountries.Yettheindustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial.

InBangladeshthegovernmenthascappedtheannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.InAndhraPradesh(AP),theIndianstatewiththemostmicrofinanceborrowers,localpoliticianshavebulliedthebusinesstoavirtualhalt.Thesestepsareostensiblymotivatedbyadesiretodefendthepoorfromgettingstuckinadebt.Buttheyarewrong-headed.

Despitechargingseeminglyhighinterestrates,MFIstypicallyhavethinmarginsbecauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans.Pressingthemtoreduceratesfurtherwouldjeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.

Infact,thepooroftenusemicroloanstopayofffarmoreexpensiveloansfromvillagemoneylenders.Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.Thatwouldbegoodnewsforthesemoneylenders,butissurelynottheoutcomethatpolicymakerswant.

Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry.Peru,forexample,isrankedashavingthebestbusinessenvironmentformicrofinance,inpartbecausetheregulatorhassuccessfullysetandenforcedrulesoncapitalbuffers,leadingtoamorestableenvironmentfortheindustry.India,incontrast,isyettodecidewhetherrulesgoverningmicrofinancearetobesetatthenationallevelorbyindividualstates.

Manythingscanbedone.Forinstance,anassociationofIndianMFIsistryingtosetupacreditbureauwhichwouldallowthemtotrackclients’overallindebtednessandcredithistories,thusguardingthemagainstlendingapersonmorethansheisabletohandle.ThiswouldbehelpedenormouslyifthegovernmentspedupitseffortstogiveallIndiansauniversalidentificationnumber.TheIndiangovernmentshouldalsoallowMFIstotakedeposits,whichtheyarecurrentlypreventedfromdoing:thiswouldmakethemlessdependentoncapitalmarketsforfunding.Actuallytherearemoreusefulmeasuresforthepoorthananinterest-ratecap.

1.Themicrofinanceindustryisunderattackbecause(

).

2.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph2mostprobablymeans

).

3.Accordingtotheauthor,MFIsarenotmakingabigprofitbecause

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwouldhappenifpeople’saccesstomicrofinanceisrestricted?

5.InParagraph5,whatdoestheexampleofPeruandIndiaindicate?

6.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichmeasureisNOTapprovedbytheauthor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itdevelopstoofast

B.itofferssmallloans

C.itover-emphasizesbusiness

D.itisananti-povertytool

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tosetamaximumannualinterestrate

B.tochangetheannualinterestrate

C.torelaxthecontroloftheannualinterestrate

D.toreducetheannualinterestrate

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theinterestratesaretoolow

B.thehandingofnumeroussmallloansisexpensive

C.theyfailtoattractprivatecapital.

D.theyareundergreatpressurefromthegovernment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheprofitofMFIswouldbereduced.

B.Poorpeoplewouldnotbetrappedinadebt.

C.Peoplewouldonlygetmorecostlyloans.

D.Policymakerswouldbethrilledattheoutcome.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Indiahasbeenawareoftheimportanceofregulationonmicrofinance.

B.ThemicrofinanceindustryisboominginbothIndiaandPeru.

C.Sensibleregulationspromotethemicrofinanceindustry.

D.Regulationsshouldbesetatthenationallevel.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Setupcapitalmarketsforfunding.

B.Understandthecredithistoriesoftheclients.

C.Giveeveryoneauniversalidentificationnumber.

D.PermitMFIstoattractdeposits.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“yetthendustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial(然而,該行業(yè)因過(guò)于商業(yè)化而受到抨擊)”,即可得出本題答案。

2.詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。第二段中提及印度的當(dāng)?shù)卣踔两型A诵☆~信貸的業(yè)務(wù)。對(duì)比孟加拉,文中提及,微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)可以收取27%的利率(theannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.)。在第三段,作者還論述了對(duì)于小額信貸降低利率的弊端有哪些(jeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.)。由此可知,政府試圖限制小額貸款的利率,從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“becauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans(因?yàn)閿?shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的小額貸款的分期付款成本很高)”,即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段第二句,“Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.(限制人們小額信貸的后果是迫使窮人轉(zhuǎn)向利率更高的高利貸借貸。)”從而得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry(合理的監(jiān)管不必與繁榮的小額信貸行業(yè)相抵觸)”,即可得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位最后一段,“giveallIndiansauniversalidentific

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