OSPF（OpenShortestPath,開放最短鏈路優先）路由協議是典型的鏈路狀態路由協議。OSPF由IETF2080年代末期開發，OSPF是SPF路由協議中的開放式版本。明確其在穩定性和功能性方面的實質性改進。這個OSPF版本有許多更新文檔，每一個以本書分了多個章節來介紹。本章只單區域的OSPF。OSPFOSPF作為一種網關協議（Interi Protocol，IGP系統（AS）中的路由器之間交換路由信息。OSPF的特性如下:VLSM（BMA（NBMAPointMultiPoint型需要OSPF不同的網絡類型來適應。鏈路狀態通告（LSALSA路由器的本地狀態，LSA包括的信息有關于路由最短路經優先（SPFOSPFSPF算法有時也被稱為Dijkstra算法，這是因為最短路徑優先算法(SPFDijkstraOSPFSPF，獨立

實驗1:點到點鏈的度量值costR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#router-idR1(config-router)#network1.1.1.0255.255.255.0areaR1(config-router)#network192.168.12.0255.255.255.0areaR2(config)#routerospf1R2(config-router)#router-idR2(config-router)#network192.168.12.0255.255.255.0areaR2(config-router)#network192.168.23.0255.255.255.0areaR2(config-router)#network2.2.2.0255.255.255.0areaR3(config)#routerospf1R3(config-router)#router-idR3(config-router)#network192.168.23.0255.255.255.0areaR3(config-router)#network192.168.34.0255.255.255.0areaR3(config-router)#network3.3.3.0255.255.255.0areaR4(config)#routerospfR4(config-router)#router-idR4(config-router)#network4.4.4.00.0.0.255areaR4(config-router)#network192.168.34.00.0.0.255area【技術要點區域ID是在0- 網絡區域ID為0或0.0.0.0時稱為主干區域；址為RouterID；建議用命令“router-id”來指定路由器ID,這樣可控性比較好。showipR2#showipCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2i-IS-IS,su-IS-ISsummary,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2ia-IS-ISinterarea,*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticrouteo-ODR,P-periodicdownloadedstaticrouteGatewayoflastresortisnot 192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0/01.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets 1.1.1.1[110/782]via192.168.12.1,00:18:40,2.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1 2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback03.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets 3.3.3.3[110/782]via192.168.23.3,00:18:40,4.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1 4.4.4.4[110/1563]via192.168.23.3,00:18:40, 192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected, 192.168.34.0/24[110/1562]via192.168.23.3,00:18:41,輸出結果表明同一個區域內通過OSPF路由協議學習的路由條目用代碼“O”表示【說明24位，解決的辦法是在環回接口下修改網絡類型為“Point-to-PointR2(config)#interfaceloopbackR2(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-cost的計算公式為108/帶寬（bps），然后取整，而且是所有鏈路的cost之和，環回接口的cost為1，路由條目“4.4.4.4”到路由器R2經過的入接口包括路由器R4的loopback0，路由器R3的s0/0/0，路由器R2的s0/0/1，所以計算如下：1+108/128000+108/128000=1563。也可以直接通過命令“ipospfcost”設置接口的cost值，并且它是優先計算的cost值的。showipprotocolsR2#showipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"ospf//當前路由器運行的OSPF進程OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotRouterID//本路由器Numberofareasinthisrouteris1.1normal0stub0umpath:4Routingfor2.2.2.00.0.0.255area192.168.12.00.0.0.255area192.168.23.00.0.0.255areaReferencebandwidthunitis100RoutingInformationLastDistance:(defaultisshowipR2#showipospfRoutingProcess"ospf1"withIDStarttime:00:50:57.156,Timeelapsed:00:42:41.880SupportsonlysingleTOS(TOS0)routesSupportsopaqueSupportsLink-localSignaling(LLS)SupportsareatransitcapabilityRouterisnotoriginatingrouter-LSAswith ummetricInitialSPFscheduledelay5000msecsMinimumholdtimebetweentwoconsecutiveSPFs10000msecsumwaittimebetweentwoconsecutiveSPFs10000msecsIncremental-SPFdisabledMinimumLSAinterval5secsMinimumLSAarrival1000msecsLSAgrouppacingtimer240Interfacefloodpacingtimer33msecsRetransmissionpacingtimer66NumberofexternalLSA0.ChecksumSum0x000000NumberofopaqueASLSA0.ChecksumSum0x000000NumberofDCbitlessexternalandopaqueASLSA0NumberofDoNotAgeexternalandopaqueASLSA0Numberofareasinthisrouteris1.1normal0stub0nssaNumberofareastransitcapableis0Externalfloodlistlength0IETFNSFhelpersupportenabledCiscoNSFhelpersupportenabledAreaNumberofinterfacesinthisareais3AreahasnoauthenticationSPFalgorithmlastexecuted00:15:07.580agoSPFalgorithmexecuted9timesArearangesNumberofLSA4.ChecksumSumNumberofopaquelinkLSA0.ChecksumSum0x000000NumberofDCbitlessLSA0NumberofindicationLSA0NumberofDoNotAgeLSA0Floodlistlength0showipospfinterfaceR2#showipospfinterfaces0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress192.168.12.2/24,Area//該接口的地址和運行的OSPFProce1,RouterID2.2.2.2,NetworkTypePOINT_TO_POINT,Cost://進程ID，路由器ID，網絡類型，接口CostTransmitDelayis1sec,StateTimerintervalsconfigured,o10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmitoob-resynctimeoutoduein//距離下次發送o包的時SupportsLink-localSignaling//支持CiscoNSFhelpersupportenabledIETFNSFhelpersupport//以上兩行表示啟用了IETF和Cisco的NSFIndex1/1,floodqueuelength0Next0x0(0)/0x0(0)Lastfloodscanlengthis1,umisLastfloodscis0msec,umis0msecNeighborCountis1,AdjacentneighborcountisAdjacentwithneighbor1.1.1.1Suppressofor0neighbor(s)//沒有進行o抑showipospfR2#showipospfNeighborDead0 0 ①②DeadTime⑤【技術要點同一鏈的o包間隔和dead間隔必須相同才能建立鄰接關系。默認情況下o6-1表6-1OSPFo間隔和dead間網絡類和“ipospfdead-interval”命令調整。④認證類型或不一致⑥o包被ACL⑦鏈的MTU不匹配showipospfR2#showipospfOSPFRouterwithID(2.2.2.2)(Proce1)RouterLinkStates(Area0)LinkADVChecksumLink0x00BA350x00D7C00x00282D0x009AFELinkIDLinkStateID,ADVRouterAge：SeqChecksum：Linkcount：實驗2:廣播多路鏈的鏈R1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#router-idR1(config-router)#network1.1.1.0255.255.255.0areaR1(config-router)#network192.168.1.0255.255.255.0areaR1(config-router)#auto-costreference-bandwidthR2(config)#routerospf1R2(config-router)#router-idR2(config-router)#network2.2.2.0255.255.255.0areaR2(config-router)#network192.168.1.0255.255.255.0areaR2(config-router)#auto-costreference-bandwidthR3(config)#routerospf1R3(config-router)#router-idR3(config-router)#network3.3.3.0255.255.255.0areaR3(config-router)#network192.168.1.0255.255.255.0areaR3(config-router)#auto-costreference-bandwidthR4(config)#routerospf1R4(config-router)#router-idR4(config-router)#network4.4.4.0255.255.255.0areaR4(config-router)#network192.168.1.0255.255.255.0areaR4(config-router)#auto-costreference-bandwidth【說明“auto-costreference-bandwidth”命令是修改參考帶寬的，因為本實驗中的以太口cost.1，的。修改參考帶寬要在所有的OSPF當執行命令“auto-costreference-bandwidth%OSPF:ReferencebandwidthisPleaseensurereferencebandwidthisconsistentacrossallshowipospfR1#showipospfNeighborDead111以上輸出表明在該廣播多路網絡中，R1是DR,R2是BDR,R3和R4為DROTHER【技術要點要求在多路②如果同時啟動，或者重新，則看接口優先級（范圍為0-255），優先級最高的被成DR，默認情況下，多路網絡的接口優先級為1，點到點網絡接口優先級為0，修改接口優先級令是“ipospfpriority如果接口的優先級被設置為0，那么該接口將不參與DR；DR是非搶占的，除為地重新。重新DR的方法有兩種，一是路由器重新啟動，二是執行“clearipospfprocess”命令。showipospf分別在路由器R1和R4上執行該命令：R1#showipospfinterfaceg0/0GigabitEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress192.168.1.1/24,AreaProce1,RouterID1.1.1.1,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost:TransmitDelayis1sec,StateDR,Priority//自己stateDesignatedRouter(ID)1.1.1.1,InterfaceaddressBackupDesignatedrouter(ID)2.2.2.2,InterfaceaddressTimerintervalsconfigured,o10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmitoob-resynctimeout40odueinSupportsLink-localSignaling(LLS)CiscoNSFhelpersupportenabledIETFNSFhelpersupportenabledIndex2/2,floodqueuelength0Next0x0(0)/0x0(0)Lastfloodscanlengthis1,umisLastfloodscis0msec,umis4msecNeighborCountis3,AdjacentneighborcountisAdjacentwithneighbor2.2.2.2BackupDesignatedRouter) //R2BDRAdjacentwithneighbor3.3.3.3Adjacentwithneighbor4.4.4.4Suppressofor0R4#showipospfinterfaceg0/0GigabitEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress192.168.1.4/24,AreaProce1,RouterID4.4.4.4,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost://網絡類型為TransmitDelayis1sec,StateDROTHER,Priority//自己的state是DesignatedRouter(ID)1.1.1.1,InterfaceaddressBackupDesignatedrouter(ID)2.2.2.2,InterfaceaddressTimerintervalsconfigured,o10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmitoob-resynctimeout40odueinSupportsLink-localSignaling(LLS)CiscoNSFhelpersupportenabledIETFNSFhelpersupportenabledIndex2/2,floodqueuelength0Next0x0(0)/0x0(0)Lastfloodscanlengthis1,umisLastfloodscis0msec,umis0msecNeighborCountis3,Adjacentneighborcountis//有3個鄰居，只與R1和R2形成鄰接關系，與R3只是鄰居關系Adjacentwithneighbor1.1.1.1(DesignatedRouter)Adjacentwithneighbor2.2.2.2(BackupDesignatedRouter)//上面兩行表示與DRBDRSuppressofor0debugipospfR2#debugipospfOSPFadjacencyeventsdebuggingisonR2#clearipospfprocessResetALLOSPFprocesses?[no]:*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:InterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0going

*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:NeighborchangeEventoninterface*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:DR/BDRelectionon*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectBDR*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectDR*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectBDR*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectDR*Feb10 DR:1.1.1.1 BDR:4.4.4.4*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:Resetadjacencywith3.3.3.3onGigabitEthernet0/0,statetoDOWN,NeighborDown:Interfacedownor*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:NeighborchangeEventoninterface*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:DR/BDRelectionon*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectBDR*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectDR*Feb10 DR:4.4.4.4 BDR:4.4.4.4*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:RememberoldDR1.1.1.1toDOWN,NeighborDown:Interfacedownor*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:NeighborchangeEventoninterface*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:DR/BDRelectionon*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectBDR*Feb1010:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectDR*Feb10 DR:4.4.4.4 BDR:4.4.4.4toDOWN,NeighborDown:Interfacedownor10:37:33.447:OSPF:NeighborchangeEventoninterface10:37:33.447:OSPF:DR/BDRelectionon10:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectBDR10:37:33.447:OSPF:ElectDR DR: BDR:10:37:33.447:OSPF:RememberoldDR4.4.4.410:37:33.447:OSPF:InterfaceLoopback0going10:37:33.447:OSPF:2.2.2.2address2.2.2.2onLoopback0isdead,state10:37:33.459:OSPF:InterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0going10:37:33.459:OSPF:InterfaceLoopback0going*Feb1010:37:33.459:OSPF:2WayCommunicationto1.1.1.1onGigabitEthernet0/0,state*Feb1010:37:33.459:OSPF:BackupseenEventbeforeWAITtimeron*Feb1010:37:33.459:OSPF:DR/BDRelectionon*Feb1010:37:33.459:OSPF:ElectBDR*Feb1010:37:33.459:OSPF:ElectDR*Feb10 DR:1.1.1.1 BDR:4.4.4.40x7len32*Feb1010:37:33.459:OSPF:SendDBDto4.4.4.4onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0x1B1Copt0x52flag0x7len32*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:RcvDBDfrom1.1.1.1onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0x1A0opt0x52flag0x7len32mtu1500stateEXSTART*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:DBDandwearenot*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:RcvDBDfrom1.1.1.1onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0xC87opt0x52flag0x2len112mtu1500stateEXSTART*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:NBRNegotiationDone.Wearethe0x1len32*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:RcvDBDfrom4.4.4.4onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0x13C0opt0x52flag0x7len32mtu1500stateEXSTART*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:NBRNegotiationDone.Wearethe*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:SendDBDto4.4.4.4onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0x13C0opt0x52flag0x0len32*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:RcvDBDfrom1.1.1.1onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0xC88opt0x52flag0x0len32mtu1500stateEXCHANGE*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:ExchangeDonewith1.1.1.1on*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:SendLSREQto1.1.1.1length48LSAcount*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:RcvDBDfrom4.4.4.4onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0x13C1opt0x52flag0x3len112mtu1500stateEXCHANGE*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:SendDBDto4.4.4.4onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0x13C1opt0x52flag0x0len32*Feb1010:37:33.463:OSPF:RcvLSUPDfrom1.1.1.1onGigabitEthernet0/0length212LSA4*Feb1010:37:33.467:OSPF:Synchronizedwith1.1.1.1onGigabitEthernet0/0,state*Feb1010:37:33.467:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG:Process1,Nbr1.1.1.1onGigabitEthernet0/0LOADINGtoFULL,Loading*Feb1010:37:33.467:OSPF:RcvDBDfrom4.4.4.4onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0x13C2opt0x52flag0x1len32mtu1500stateEXCHANGE*Feb1010:37:33.467:OSPF:ExchangeDonewith4.4.4.4on*Feb1010:37:33.467:OSPF:Synchronizedwith4.4.4.4onGigabitEthernet0/0,state*Feb1010:37:33.467:%OSPF-5-ADJCHG:Process1,Nbr4.4.4.4onGigabitEthernet0/0fromLOADINGtoFULL,LoadingDone*Feb1010:37:33.467:OSPF:SendDBDto4.4.4.4onGigabitEthernet0/0seq0x13C2opt0x52flag0x0len32*Feb1010:37:33.947:OSPF:BuildrouterLSAforarea0,routerID2.2.2.2,seq0x80000001,process11111*Feb1010:37:43.155:OSPF:BuildrouterLSAforarea0,routerID2.2.2.2,seqprocess1EXCHANGE、Loading和FULL。OSPF3OSPFR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#router-idR1(config-router)#network192.168.12.0255.255.255.0areaR1(config-router)#network1.1.1.0255.255.255.0areaR1(config)#interfaceR1(config-if)#ipospfauthentication-keycisco//配置認證R2(config)#routerospf1R2(config-router)#router-idR2(config-router)#network2.2.2.0255.255.255.0areaR2(config-router)#network192.168.12.0255.255.255.0areaR2(config-router)#area0authenticationR2(config)#interfaces0/0/0R2(config-if)#ipospfauthentication-keyshowipospfinterfaceR1#showipospfinterfaces0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress192.168.12.1/24,AreaProce1,RouterID1.1.1.1,NetworkTypePOINT_TO_POINT,Cost:781TransmitDelayis1sec,StatePOINT_TO_POINTTimerintervalsconfigured,o10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmitoob-resynctimeout40odueinSupportsLink-localSignaling(LLS)CiscoNSFhelpersupportenabledIETFNSFhelpersupportenabledIndex1/1,floodqueuelength0NextLastfloodscanlengthis0,umisLastfloodscis0msec,umis0msecNeighborCountis0,Adjacentneighborcountis0Suppressofor0neighbor(s)SimplepasswordauthenticationshowipR1#showipRoutingProcess"ospf1"withID1.1.1.1SupportsonlysingleTOS(TOS0)routesAreaNumberofinterfacesinthisareais2(1loopback)AreahassimplepasswordauthenticationSPFalgorithmlastexecuted00:00:01.916agoSPFalgorithmexecuted5timesArearangesNumberofLSA2.ChecksumSumNumberofopaquelinkLSA0.ChecksumSum0x000000NumberofDCbitlessLSA0NumberofindicationLSA0NumberofDoNotAgeLSA0Floodlistlength0*Feb1011:03:03.071:OSPF:Rcvpktfrom192.168.12.1,Serial0/0/0:MismatchAuthenticationtype.Inputpacketspecifiedtype0,weusetype1錯誤，則R2上出現下面的信息：*Feb1010:55:53.071:OSPF:Rcvpktfrom192.168.12.1,Serial0/0/0:MismatchAuthenticationKey-ClearTextR1(config)#routerospfR1(config-router)#router-idR1(config-router)#network192.168.12.0255.255.255.0areaR1(config-router)#network1.1.1.0255.255.255.0areaR1(config)#interfaceR1(config-if)#ipospfmessage-digest-key1md5ciscokeyIDR2(config)#routerospf1R2(config-router)#router-idR2(config-router)#network2.2.2.0255.255.255.0areaR2(config-router)#network192.168.12.0255.255.255.0area0R2(config-router)#area0authenticationmessage-digestR2(config)#interfaces0/0/0R2(config-if)#ipospfmessage-digest-key1md5showipospfinterfaceR1#showipospfinterfaces0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress192.168.12.1/24,AreaProce1,RouterID1.1.1.1,NetworkTypePOINT_TO_POINT,Cost:781TransmitDelayis1sec,StatePOINT_TO_POINTTimerintervalsconfigured,o10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmitoob-resynctimeout40odueinSupportsLink-localSignaling(LLS)CiscoNSFhelpersupportenabledIETFNSFhelpersupportenabledIndex1/1,floodqueuelength0Next0x0(0)/0x0(0)Lastfloodscanlengthis0,umisLastfloodscis0msec,umis0msecNeighborCountis0,Adjacentneighborcountis0Suppressofor0neighbor(s)MessagedigestauthenticationenabledYoungestkeyidis1showipR1#showipRoutingProcess"ospf1"withID1.1.1.1SupportsonlysingleTOS(TOS0)routesAreaNumberofinterfacesinthisareais2(1AreahasmessagedigestSPFalgorithmlastexecuted00:01:50.096agoSPFalgorithmexecuted5timesArearangesNumberofLSA2.ChecksumSumNumberofopaquelinkLSA0.ChecksumSum0x000000NumberofDCbitlessLSA0NumberofindicationLSA0NumberofDoNotAgeLSA0Floodlistlength0*Feb1011:08:13.075:OSPF:Rcvpktfrom192.168.12.1,Serial0/0/0:MismatchAuthenticationtype.Inputpacketspecifiedtype2,weusetype1碼或錯誤，則R2上出現下面的信息：*Feb1011:08:43.075:OSPF:Rcvpktfrom192.168.12.1,Serial0/0/0:MismatchAuthenticationKey-Nomessagedigestkey1oninterface5:OSPFR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#router-idR1(config-router)#network1.1.1.00.0.0.255areaR1(config-router)#network192.168.12.00.0.0.255area0R1(config)#interfaces0/0/0R1(config-if)#ipospfauthentication//鏈路啟用簡單口令認證R1(config-if)#ipospfauthentication-keycisco//配置認證R2(config)#routerospf1R2(config-router)#router-idR2(config-router)#network2.2.2.00.0.0.255areaR2(config-router)#network192.168.12.00.0.0.255area0R2(config)#interfaces0/0/0R2(config-if)#ipospfR2(config-if)#ipospfauthentication-keyshowipospfinterfaceR1#showipospfinterfaces0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress192.168.12.1/24,AreaProce1,RouterID1.1.1.1,NetworkTypePOINT_TO_POINT,Cost:781TransmitDelayis1sec,StatePOINT_TO_POINTTimerintervalsconfigured,o10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmitoob-resynctimeout40odueinSupportsLink-localSignaling(LLS)CiscoNSFhelpersupportenabledIETFNSFhelpersupportenabledIndex1/1,floodqueuelength0Next0x0(0)/0x0(0)Lastfloodscanlengthis1,umisLastfloodscis0msec,umis0msecNeighborCountis1,AdjacentneighborcountisAdjacentwithneighbor2.2.2.2Suppressofor0neighbor(s)Simplepasswordauthentication*Feb1011:19:33.074:OSPF:Rcvpktfrom192.168.12.1,Serial0/0/0:MismatchAuthenticationtype.Inputpacketspecifiedtype1,weusetype0碼或錯誤，則R2上出現下面的信息：*Feb1011:22:33.074:OSPF:Rcvpktfrom192.168.12.1,Serial0/0/0:MismatchAuthenticationKey-ClearTextR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#router-idR1(config-router)#network1.1.1.00.0.0.255areaR1(config-router)#network192.168.12.00.0.0.255areaR1(config)#interfaceR1(config-if)#ipospfmessage-digest-key1md5ciscokeyIDR2(config)#routerospf1R2(config-router)#router-idR2(config-router)#network2.2.2.00.0.0.255areaR2(config-router)#network192.168.12.00.0.0.255area0R2(config)#interfaces0/0/0R2(config-if)#ipospfauthenticationmessage-digestR2(config-if)#ipospfmessage-digest-key1md5ciscoshowipospfinterfaceR1#showipospfinterfaces0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress192.168.12.1/24,AreaProce1,RouterID1.1.1.1,NetworkTypePOINT_TO_POINT,Cost:781TransmitDelayis1sec,StatePOINT_TO_POINTTimerintervalsconfigured,o10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmitoob-resynctimeout40odueinSupportsLink-localSignaling(LLS)CiscoNSFhelpersupportenabledIETFNSFhelpersupportenabledIndex1/1,floodqueuelength0Next0x0(0)/0x0(0)Lastfloodscanlengthis1,umisLastfloodscis0msec,umis0msecNeighborCountis1,AdjacentneighborcountisAdjacentwithneighbor2.2.2.2Suppressofor0neighbor(s)MessagedigestauthenticationenabledYoungestkeyidis*Feb1011:08:13.075:OSPF:Rcvpktfrom192.168.12.1,Serial0/0/0:MismatchAuthenticationtype.Inputpacketspecifiedtype2,weusetype1*Feb1011:31:13.078:OSPF:Rcvpktfrom192.168.12.1,Serial0/0/0:MismatchAuthenticationKey-Nomessagedigestkey1oninterface【技術要點認證；2-表示采用MD5認證。7default-information通過本實驗可以掌握如何通過命令“default-informationoriginateOSPF步驟1：配置路由器R1R1(config)#interfaceloopback1R1(config-if)#ipaddress5.5.5.5R1(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0loopbackR1(config-router)#router-idR1(config-router)#network1.1.1.00.0.0.255areaR1(config-router)#network192.168.12.00.0.0.255area0R1(config-router)#default-informationoriginate【技術要點“default-informationoriginate”命令后面可以加可選的“always”