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住在富人區的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-通用考博英語考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據實際調整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

問題2選項

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

問題3選項

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

問題4選項

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.

19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話者主要談論的是什么?錄音開頭就提及:今天我們將討論如何成為一名社會工作者。社會工作是助人的職業。B選項“作為一種職業的社會工作”與原文表述一致,因此正確。A選項“社會工作的歷史”在錄音中并沒有信息提及;C選項“社會工作申請人所需的學歷”和D選項“全國社會工作者協會的目標”,雖然在原文中均有所涉及,但并不是談話人主要談論的話題,因此均可排除。

20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問社工主要是做什么?說話者在介紹完主題之后,立馬講到:社工的主要任務是增進人類福祉,幫助滿足所有人的基本需求,特別關注弱勢群體以及受壓迫和生活貧困的人。D選項“他們幫助提高弱勢群體的福祉”符合原文表述,因此正確。A選項“他們試圖改變人們的社會行為”;B選項“他們提高人們的環境意識”和C選項“他們為失業者創造很多機會”都不是他們主要做的事情,因此排除。

21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問根據說話者,專業社會工作者有什么共同點?錄音提到全國有60多萬的專業社會工作者,他們都有社會工作的學士學位、碩士學位或者博士學位。也就是說,專業社會工作者的共同點是都有社會工作的學位,因此C選項“他們都有社會工作學位”正確。A選項“通過工作他們已大不相同”和D選項“他們都接受過嚴格的臨床培訓”是利用錄音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained設置的干擾項;B選項“他們都是國家協會的成員”在錄音中并未提及,因此排除。

22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問MelWilson將在這個系列中談論什么?錄音的后半部分提到,稍后在本系列,MelWilson將會講述在拿到社會工作的學位之后的擇業范圍,以及社會工作者必須堅守的高標準的責任。A選項“社工的工作選擇和責任”是對錄音原文的概括,因此正確。B選項“社會工作者滿足人們需要的方式”;C選項“對社會工作者而言培訓的重要性”以及D選項“社會工作者社會地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要討論的內容,因此排除。

2.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itconsumesalmostaquarterofthebody’stotalenergy.

B.Itcontinuestoburnupcaloriestohelpusstayinshape.

C.Itusesupmuchlessenergythanitdoesindeepthinking.

D.Itremainsinactivewithoutburningcaloriesnoticeably.

問題2選項

A.Energyusagedevotedtoactivelearningaccountsforabigpartofit.

B.Muchoftheconsumptionhasnothingtodowithconsciousactivities.

C.Asignificantamountofitisforperformingdifficultcognitivetasks.

D.Ithassomethingtodowiththedifficultyoftheactivitiesinquestion.

問題3選項

A.Itisconducivetorelievingmentalexhaustion.

B.Itisaprerequisiteforanymentalactivity.

C.Itisbelievedtoremainbasicallyconstant.

D.Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingTwo

In1994,theWorldChessChampionshipwascalledoffabruptly,duetothewitheredframeofaplayerwhoiscompetingforthetitle.Hewasn’taloneinexperiencingtheextremephysicaleffectsofthegame.Eliteplayerscanreportedlyburnuptoanabsurd6,000caloriesinoneday.Doesthatmeanthatthinkingharderisasimpleroutetolosingweight?Well,[19]whenthebodyisatrest,weknowthatthebrainusesupastartling20%to25%ofthebody’soverallenergy.Thislevelofutilizationactuallymakesthebrainthemostenergy-expensiveorganinthebody,andyetitmakesuponly2%ofthebody’sweightoverall.

Sothemoreweputthisorgantowork,themorecalorieswe’llburn?Technically,theanswerisyes,forcognitivelydifficulttasks.Whatcountsasa“difficult”mentaltaskvariesbetweenindividuals.Butgenerally,itcouldbedescribedassomethingthatthebraincannotsolveeasilyusingpreviouslylearnedroutines,ortasksthatchangetheconditionscontinuously.However,deepthinkingwillnotburnoffthecaloriesgainedfromeatingasugarysnack.Becauseinrelationtothebrain’shugeoverallenergyusage,whichisdevotedtoamultitudeoftasks,theenergyrequiredjusttothinkharderisactuallycomparativelytiny.[20]We’reunconsciousofmostofwhatusesupthebrain’senergy.Alotofthatactivityisunrelatedtoconsciousactivitieslikelearninghowtosingorplaytheguitar.Thebrainisabletoallocateblood(andthusenergy)toparticularregionsthatarebeingactiveatthatpoint.But[21]theoverallenergyavailabilityinthebrainisthoughttobeconstant.So,whiletheremightbesignificantincreasesinenergyuseatlocalizedregionsofthebrainwhenweperformdifficultcognitivetasks,whenitcomestothewholebrain’senergybudgetoverall,theseactivitiesdon’tsignificantlyalterit.

So,whydidthechesschampiongrowtooskinnytocompeteinhischesscompetition?Thegeneralconsensusisthatitmostlycomesdowntostressandreducedfoodconsumption,notmentalexhaustion.Keepingyourbodypumpedupforactionforlongperiodsoftimeisveryenergy-demanding.Ifyoucan’teatasoftenorasmuchasyoucanorwouldnormally—thenyoumightloseweight.

19.Whatdowelearnaboutthebrainwhenthebodyisatrest?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問的是當身體處于靜止狀態時大腦的情況。說話者提及,當身體處于靜止狀態時,大腦會消耗身體總能量的20%到25%,A選項“它消耗的能量幾乎占人體總能量的四分之一”是對原文錄音的同義轉換,因此正確。B選項“它繼續燃燒卡路里,幫助我們保持體形”和C選項“它比在深度思考時消耗的能量更少”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除;D選項“它保持不活躍,沒有明顯燃燒卡路里”與錄音表達恰好相反,因此不正確。

20.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheconsumptionofthebrain’senergy?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話者對大腦能量的消耗有什么看法?說話者提出,我們無從感覺到是什么消耗了大腦的能量,而這些消耗能量的活動大部分與有意識的活動無關,因此B選項“大部分消耗與有意識的活動無關”正確。A選項“用于主動學習的能量消耗占了很大一部分”在錄音中并未提及;C選項“有相當一部分是用于執行困難的認知任務”和D選項“這與正在論及的活動的難度有關”。錄音原文表述的是:當我們執行困難的認知任務時,大腦局部區域的能量使用可能會顯著增加,但當涉及大腦的整體能量預算時,這些活動并不會使它有顯著改變。C選項和D選項與原文表述不符,因此排除。

21.Whatdowelearnabouttheoverallenergyavailabilityinthebrain?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問我們了解到大腦中的整體能量供應是怎樣的?錄音中提到大腦中的總體能量供應是恒定的。因此C選項“人們認為它基本保持不變”正確。A選項“它有利于緩解精神疲憊”;B選項“它是任何心理活動的前提”以及D選項“它被認為與食物消耗有關”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此可排除。

3.單選題

(Presumably),thereisagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesnotusuallystayawayfromwork.

問題1選項

A.Maybe

B.Surprisingly

C.Therefore

D.Yet

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項Maybe“可能”;B選項Surprisingly“出乎意料地”;C選項Therefore“因此”;D選項Yet“但是”。句意:她缺席大概有充分的理由,因為她通常不會不上班的。劃線部分Presumably是大概的意思。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

I’dratheryou()meanewoneinsteadofhavingminerepairedasyoudid.

問題1選項

A.hadgiven

B.havegiven

C.gave

D.giving

【答案】A

【解析】虛擬語氣語法知識考查。對過去事情的虛擬用haddone。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Fewpeoplecanidentifyitstexture.

B.Fewpeoplecandescribeitprecisely.

C.Itsrealvalueisopentointerpretation.

D.Itsimportanceisoftenover-estimated.

問題2選項

A.Ithasneverseenanychange.

B.Ithasmuchtodowithcolor.

C.Itisawell-protectedgovernmentsecret.

D.Itisasubjectofstudybymanyforgers.

問題3選項

A.Peoplehadlittlefaithinpapermoney.

B.Theycouldlastlongerincirculation.

C.Itpredictedtheirvaluewouldincrease.

D.Theyweremoredifficulttocounterfeit.

問題4選項

A.Thestabilizationofthedollarvalue.

B.Theissuingofgovernmentsecurities.

C.AgoldstandardforAmericancurrency.

D.AsteadyappreciationoftheU.S.dollar.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】RecordingThree

VirtuallyeveryAmericancanrecognizeadollarbillatamereglance.Manycanidentifyitbyitssoundortexture.[22]Butfewpeopleindeedcanaccuratelydescribetheworld’smostpowerful,importantcurrency.

TheAmericandollarbilliscoloredwithblackinkononesideandgreenontheother;[23]theexactcompositionofthepaperandinkisacloselyguardedgovernmentsecret.Despiteitsweightyimportance,thedollarbillactuallyweighslittle.Itrequiresnearly500billstotipthescalesatapound.Notonlyisthedollarbilllightweight,butitalsohasabrieflifespan.Fewdollarbillssurvivelongerthan18months.

Theword“dollar”istakenfromtheGermanword“taler”,thenamefortheworld’smostimportantcurrencyinthe16thcentury.Thetalerwasasilvercoinfirstmintedin1580underthereignofCharlesV,EmperorofGermany.

TheconceptofpapermoneyisarelativelyrecentinnovationinthehistoryofAmericancurrency.WhentheConstitutionwassigned,[24]peoplehadlittleregardforpapermoneybecauseofitssteadilydecreasingvalueduringthecolonialera.Becauseofthislackoffaith,thenewAmericangovernmentmintedonlycoinsforcommoncurrency.Interest-bearingbanknoteswereissuedatthesametime,buttheirpurposewaslimitedtoprovidingmoneyforurgentgovernmentcrisessuchasAmericaninvolvementintheWarof1812.Thefirstnon-interestbearingpapercurrencywasauthorizedbyCongressin1862attheheightoftheCivilWar.Atthispoint,citizens’oldfearsofdevaluedpapercurrencyhadcalmed,andthedollarbillwasborn.Thenewgreen-coloredpapermoneyquicklyearnedthenickname“greenback”.

Today,theAmericandollarbillisaproductoftheFederalReserve,andisissuedfromthetwelveFederalReservebanksaroundtheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentkeepsasteadysupplyofapproximatelytwobillionbillsincirculationatalltimes.

Controversycontinuestosurroundthetruevalueofthedollarbill.[25]AmericanhistoryhasseengenerationsofpoliticiansargueinfavorofagoldstandardforAmericancurrency.However,forthepresent,theAmericandollarbillholdsthevaluethatisprintedonit,andlittlemore.TheonlyotherguaranteeonthebillisaFederalReservepledgeasaconfirmationintheformofgovernmentsecurities.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheAmericandollarbill?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關于美元紙幣,說話人說了什么?說話人說到,很少人能準確地描述(美元紙幣)這一世界上最有影響力、最重要的貨幣。B選項中的describeitprecisely是錄音原文中accuratelydescribe的同義替換,因此B選項“很少有人能準確地描述它”正確。A選項“很少有人能辨別它的質地”表述錯誤,錄音中提及很多人能通過美元紙幣的聲音或質感(texture)辨別美元;C選項“美元的實際價值有待商榷”和D選項“它的重要性經常被高估”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheexactcompositionoftheAmericandollarbill?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關于美元紙幣具體的物質成分,說話人說了什么?說話人指出,美元紙幣紙和墨的成分,是美國政府嚴格保守的秘密,C選項“這是政府嚴格保守的秘密”與原文表述一致,因此正確。A選項“它從來都沒改變過”,錄音中并沒有討論美元紙幣物質成分的變化,因此可排除;B選項“它和顏色的關聯很大”,錄音中沒有表明美元紙幣的物質成分與顏色有關,因此可排除;D選項“它是許多偽造者研究的課題”錄音中沒有信息提及,因此可排除。

24.WhydidthenewAmericangovernmentmintonlycoinsforcommoncurrency?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為什么新美國政府只用硬幣作為流通的貨幣?錄音提到,美國憲法簽署生效的當時,人們并不尊重紙幣,由于民眾不信任紙幣,新政府就只用硬幣作為流通的貨幣,A選項“人們不太相信紙幣”符合錄音原文,因此正確。B選項“硬幣在流通中可以使用得更久”;C選項“新美國政府預測硬幣的價值會上漲”和D選項“硬幣更難偽造”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。

25.WhathavegenerationsofAmericanpoliticiansarguedfor?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問幾代美國政客一直以來都在爭論什么?錄音提到,美國政客幾代人以來都在討論贊不贊成為美國貨幣設立金本位制。因此C選項“美國貨幣的金本位制”正確。A選項“美元價值的穩定”和B選項“政府證券的發行”在錄音中雖有信息提及,但它們均不是美國政客幾代人一直在討論的問題;D選項“美元的穩定升值”在錄音中沒有信息提及,因此排除。

6.單選題

Hebelievesthatit’swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely()anaccidentofbirth.

問題1選項

A.onthegroundof

B.forthesakeof

C.inviewof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。onthegroundof“以……為理由,因為”;forthesakeof“為了……的利益”;inviewof“鑒于,考慮到”;byvirtueof“由于,憑借”。句意:他認為有些人一出生就可以享受財富、特權和權勢的觀點是錯誤的。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Hemanagedtostayinpowerforoverfiveyears,()allthecriticismandthepressureonhimtoresign.

問題1選項

A.withstanding

B.withholding

C.withdrawing

D.witnessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似動詞辨析。withstand“抵擋,禁得起,反抗”;withhold“克制,忍住”;withdraw“取款;回收;撤退”;witness“目擊”。句意:他成功掌權五年多,經受住了各種批判和要他下臺的壓力。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Wemustalsounderstandhowto()betweenwhatshouldberememberedandwhatshouldbeforgotten.

問題1選項

A.differentiate

B.distinct

C.disengage

D.entangle

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞解析。differentiate“區別,區分”;distinct“明顯的”;disengage“使脫離,解開”,entangle“使糾纏,卷人”。句意:我們必須明白將需要記住的事和需要忘掉的事區分開來。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Whenluckplaysarole.

B.Whetherpracticemakesperfect.

C.Whatdeterminessuccess.

D.Howimportantnaturaltalentis.

問題2選項

A.Itknocksatyourdooronlyonceinawhile.

B.Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.

C.Itissomethingthatnoonecanpossiblycreate.

D.Itcomesnaturallyoutofone’sself-confidence.

問題3選項

A.Practiceisessentialtobecominggoodatsomething.

B.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizeopportunities.

C.Onemusthavenaturaltalenttobesuccessful.

D.Luckrarelycontributestoaperson’ssuccess.

問題4選項

A.Peoplewholovewhattheydocarelittleaboutmoney.

B.Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.

C.Puttingtimeandeffortintofunthingsisprofitable.

D.Peopleinneedofmoneyworkhardautomatically.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:IhavemanyBusinessEnglishstudents.[5]WhenIteachtheclassroom,weoftenenduptalkingaboutthingslikesuccessandwhatleadstosuccess.Andit’sinterestingthatmanyofthemmentiontheelementofluck.

M:Right.

W:Luckisimportanttosuccess.Butsinceyou’veseenthatfantasticvideoontheTedtalk’swebsitebyRichardSt.John,hedoesn’tmentionluckatall.

M:Well,I’mafirmbelieverthatpeoplecanmaketheirownluck.Imeanwhatpeopleregardasluck,youcanactuallycreatetoadegree.

W:Sure.[6]Ithinkalotofwhatpeopleconsiderluckisattributedtohowyourespondtotheopportunitiesthatcomeyourway.

M:Yes,verygoodpoint.

W:[6]Seizingtheopportunities.Butwasthereanypointinthevideothatyouthoughtwasparticularlyinteresting?

M:Yes,actuallytherewas.Somethingveryimpressivetomeismanypeoplethinkthatluckisimportantandthatnaturaltalentissomethingyoumusthaveinordertobesuccessful.[7]Andinthevideowesaw,thepointaboutgettinggoodatsomethingisnotabouthavingsomenaturaltalent,it’sallaboutpractice,practice,practice...

W:Definitelyyeah.Naturaltalenthelpsinsomeway.Butattheendoftheday,youreallydoneedtoworkhardandgetreally,reallygoodatwhatyoudo.

M:Sure.

W:Ithoughtoneinterestingthinginthevideowastheideaofpassionbeingsoimportantandthatpeoplewhoreallylovewhattheydo.Ofcourseyou’regoingtowanttoworkharderandputthetimeandeffortintoit.[8]Andthefunnythingisthatifyoulovewhatyoudoandarereallypassionateaboutitandworkreallyhard,themoneykindofcomesautomatically.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話者主要在談論什么?錄音開頭,女士就提到她在教學課堂上經常會討論“成功”這個話題以及什么因素導致了成功。由此可知C選項“什么決定了成功”正確。A選項“幸運什么時候發揮作用”,錄音只是提及幸運對于成功的作用,并沒有提及什么時候發揮作用,因此可排除;B選項“是否熟能生巧”和D選項“個人天賦如何重要”在錄音中雖有提及,但都不是說話人談論的主要內容,因此也可排除。

6.Whatisthewoman’sviewofluck?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士是如何看待運氣的?錄音中,女士提到運氣對成功來說是很重要,但是否有運氣其實主要是看我們能否把握機會。B選項“運氣意味著善于把握機會”符合錄音原文,因此正確。A選項“幸運有時會自己找上門”和D選項“幸運自然來自于一個人的自信”在錄音中均沒有信息提及。C選項“幸運是任何人都不可能創造出來的”,錄音中,男士提到一定程度上幸運是需要我們自己創造的,女士對此表示認同,因此C選項錯誤。

7.WhatisthechiefpointtheTedtalk’svideomakes?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問Ted演講視頻的要點是什么?錄音中,男士提到,Ted演講視頻里強調一個人是否擅長做某事并不是取決于其個人天賦,而是要靠不斷地練習。因此A選項“要想擅長某件事,練習是必不可少的”正確。B選項“一個人應該隨時準備抓住機會”在錄音中是女士所提出的觀點,并不是Ted演講視頻的要點,因此不正確;C選項“一個人必須擁有天賦才能獲得成功”與Ted演講視頻里強調的內容不符,因此可排除;D選項“運氣很難促進一個人的成功”錄音中女士提到,RichardSt.John在Ted演講網站上的精彩視頻,他一點都沒提到運氣。因此D選項也不正確。

8.WhatdoesthewomanthinkisthefunnythingintheTedtalk’svideo?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士認為Ted演講視頻中最有趣的事情是什么?錄音最后,女士說她認為視頻演講內容中有一點很有趣:若一個人喜歡他所做的事情,對所從事的工作抱有熱情,并努力做好工作,那金錢自然就會來。B選項中的passionateabout...為錄音原詞復現,wealthy對應錄音中的es。因此B選項“對工作的熱情可以使人富有”正確。A選項“熱愛工作的人不太關心金錢”;C選項“把時間與精力投放在有趣的事情上是有利可圖的”和D選項“需要錢的人會自動努力工作”均不正確。

10.單選題

ThousandsofMedicarepatientswithchronicmedicalconditionshavebeenwrongly()accesstonecessarycare.

問題1選項

A.grudged

B.denied

C.negated

D.invalidated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。grudge“懷恨”;deny“否認,拒絕”;negate“否認,無效”,比較正式;invalidate“使無效”。句意:成千上萬患有長期慢性病的醫保病人沒有得到正確的必要治療。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Alongthelow-lyingColoradoRiver.

B.AttheDinosaurNationalMonument.

C.AlongtheborderoftheU.S.andCanada.

D.Atmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinlargecities.20.

問題2選項

A.Volcanicexplosionscouldbringwholeanimalspeciestoextinction.

B.Somenaturaldisasterkilledawholeherdofdinosaursinthearea.

C.Thepitshouldbecarefullypreservedforthestudyofdinosaurs.

D.Thewholeregionmusthavebeenstruckbyadevastatingflood.21.

問題3選項

A.Theyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriver.

B.Theylayburieddeepinthesandformillionsofyears.

C.Theywereskeletonsofdinosaursinhabitingthelocality.

D.Theywereremainsofdinosaurskilledinavolcanicexplosion.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Thepartialskeletonsofmorethan20dinosaursandscatteredbonesofabout300morehavebeendiscoveredinUtahandColoradoatwhatisnowtheDinosaurNationalMonument.[19]ManyofthebestspecimensmaybeseentodayatmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinthelargercitiesoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thisdinosaurpitisthelargestandbest-preserveddepositofdinosaursknowntoday.[20]Manypeoplegettheideafromthemassivebonesinthepitwallthatsomedisaster,suchasavolcanicexplosionorasuddenflood,killedawholeherdofdinosaursinthisarea.Thiscouldhavehappened,butitprobablydidnot.

Themainreasonsforthinkingotherwisearethescatteredbonesandthethicknessofthedeposit.Inotherdepositswheretheanimalswerethoughttohavediedtogether,theskeletonswereusuallycompleteandoftenalltheboneswereintheirproperplaces.Roundedpiecesoffossilbonehavebeenfoundhere.Thesefragmentsgottheirsmooth,roundshapebyrollingalongthestreambottom.Inamasskilling,theboneswould’vebeenleftonthestreamorlakebottomtogetheratthesamelevel.Butinthisdeposit,thebonesoccurthroughoutazoneofsandstoneabout12feetthick.

Themixtureofswampdwellersanddrylandtypesalsoseemstoindicatethatthedepositisamixturefromdifferentplaces.Thepitareaisalargedinosaurgraveyard—notaplacewheretheydied.[21]Mostoftheremainsprobablyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriveruntiltheywereleftonashallowsandbar.Someofthemmayhavecomefromfarawaydrylandareastothewest.Perhapstheydrownedtryingtocrossasmallstream,orwashedawayduringfloods.Someoftheswampdwellersmayhavegotstuckintheverysandbarthatbecametheirgrave.Othersmayhavefloatedformilesbeforebeingstranded.

Eventoday,similareventstakeplace:whenfloodscomeinthespring,sheep,cattle,anddeerareoftentrappedbyrisingwatersandoftendrown.Theirdeadbodiesfloatdownstreamuntilthefloodre-cedes,andleavesthemstrandedonabarorshorewheretheylie,halfburiedinthesanduntiltheydecay.EarlytravelersontheMissouriRiverreportedthatshoresandbarswereoftenlinedwiththedecayingbodiesofbuffalothathaddiedduringspringfloods.

19.WherecanmanyofthebestdinosaurspecimensbefoundinNorthAmerica?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問在北美哪里可以找到許多最好的恐龍標本?錄音中提到,如今可以在美國和加拿大一些大城市的自然歷史博物館里看到許多最好的標本,因此D選項“大城市的自然歷史博物館”與錄音原文一致,因此正確。A選項“地勢低洼的科羅拉多河沿岸”;B選項“國家恐龍紀念遺址”;錄音開頭提到,美國猶他州和科羅拉多州是恐龍骨骼的發掘地,如今被稱為DinosaurNationalMonument,并不是標本保存的地方,因此A選項和B選項均可排除;C選項“美國和加拿大的邊界沿線”,錄音中提到了美國和加拿大,但并未提到邊界,因此不正確。

20.Whatoccurstomanypeoplewhentheyseethemassivebonesinthepitwall?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問很多人看到坑壁里巨大的骨骼時會想到什么?錄音中提到,許多人看到巨坑中的恐龍骨骼,認為是一些自然災害使得一大群的恐龍葬身在這片區域,B選項“一些自然災害導致該地區一群恐龍死亡”與錄音原文表述一致,因此正確。A選項“火山爆發使得整個動物群滅絕”和D選項“整片地區一定是被洪流淹沒的”表述過于絕對,錄音中均沒有明確的信息可以證明,因此可排除;C選項“這個巨坑應該小心保存下來用作恐龍研究”在錄音中未提及,因此不選。

21.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestaboutthelargenumberofdinosaurbonesfoundinthepit?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問說話人對于在巨坑中發現的大量恐龍骨骼有什么看法?錄音中提到,大部分遺骸可能是順著河流向東漂流而下,最后留在了一個淺灘上。A選項“它們順著河流向東漂流而下”正確。B選項“它們被深埋在沙子里達數百萬年之久”和C選項“它們是棲息在當地的恐龍的骨骼”在錄音中并沒有提及;D選項“它們是死于火山噴發的恐龍的遺骸”最具有干擾性,主要是利用錄音中的volcanicexplosion設置干擾,錄音中雖然明確提及火山噴發可能造成大群恐龍死于巨坑之中是其他人的觀點,并不是說話人的觀點,因此可排除。

12.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theycanpredictfutureevents.

B.Theyhavenospecialmeanings.

C.Theyhaveculturalconnotations.

D.Theycannotbeeasilyexplained.

問題2選項

A.Itwascanceledduetobadweather.

B.Sheoversleptandmissedtheflight.

C.Shedreamedofaplanecrash.

D.Itwaspostponedtothefollowingday.

問題3選項

A.Theycanbeaffectedbypeople’schildhoodexperiences.

B.Theymaysometimesseemridiculoustoarationalmind.

C.Theyusuallyresultfrompeople’sunpleasantmemories.

D.Theycanhaveanimpactasgreatasrationalthinking.

問題4選項

A.Theycallforscientificmethodstointerpret.

B.Theymirrortheirlong-cherishedwishes.

C.Theyreflecttheircomplicatedemotions.

D.Theyareoftenrelatedtoirrationalfeelings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

M:[5]Doyouthinkdreamshavespecialmeanings?

W:[5]No,Idon’tthinktheydo.

M:[5]Idon’teither.Butsomepeopledo.Iwouldsaypeoplewhobelievethatdreamshavespecialmeaningsaresuperstitious,especiallynowadays.Inthepast,duringthetimesofancientEgypt,GreeceorChina,peopleusedtobelievethatdreamscouldforeseethefuture.Buttoday,withallthescientificknowledgethatwehave,Ithinkit’smuchhardertobelieveinthesesortsofthings.

W:Mygrandmotherissuperstitious,andshethinksdreamscanpredictthefuture.[6]Onceshedreamedthattheflightshewasduetotakethefollowingdaycrashed.Canyouguesswhatshedid?Shedidn’ttakethatflight.Shedidn’tevenbothertogototheairportthefollowingday.Insteadshetookthesameflight,butaweeklater,andeverythingwasfine,ofcourse.Noplaneevercrashed.

M:Howfunny!Didyouknowthatflyingisactuallysaferthananyothermodeoftransport?It’sbeenstatisticallyproven.Peoplecanbesoirrationalsometimes.

W:Yes,absolutely.Butevenifwethinkthey’reridiculous,[7]emotionscanbejustaspowerfulasrationalthinking.

M:Exactly,peopledoallsortsofcrazythingsbecauseoftheirirrationalfeelings,butinfact,somepsychologistsbelievethatourdreamsaretheresultofouremotionsandmemoriesfromthatday.IthinkitwasSigmundFreudwhosaidthatchildren’sdreamswereusuallysimplerepresentationsoftheirwishes—thingstheywishedwouldhappen.Butinadults,[8]dreamsaremuchmorecomplicatedreflectionsoftheirmoresophisticatedsentiments.

W:Isn’titinterestinghowpsychologiststrytounderstandusingthescientificmethodsomethingasbizarreasdreams?Psychologyisliketherationalstudyofirrationalfeelings.

5.Whatdobothspeakersthinkofdreams?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問的是兩位說話者對夢的看法。對話開頭,男士詢問女士是否認為夢具有特殊意義,女士給出否定回答,接著男士說“我也不這么認為”,表明他與女士看法一致,因此B選項“它們沒有特殊意義”符合錄音原文。A選項“它們能夠預測未來發生的事情”,這是古埃及、古希臘和中國古代的人們的看法,并不是說話者的看法,因此不正確;C選項“它們蘊含著文化意義”和D選項“它們很難解釋”在錄音中均未提及。

6.Whydidn’tthewoman’sgrandmothertakeherscheduledflight?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問為什么這位女士的祖母沒有乘坐她預定的航班?錄音中女士提及她的祖母相信夢可以預測未來,有一次因為夢見自己第二天要乘坐的飛機墜毀了(theflight...crashed),她就沒有坐那趟航班,甚至連機場也沒去。C選項“她夢見飛機失事”是錄音原文的同義表達,因此正確。A選項“由于天氣不好取消了”;B選項“她睡過頭,錯過了航班”和D選項“推遲到了第二天”在錄音中均未提及,因此可排除。

7.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutpeople’semotions?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問的是女士關于人的情緒的看法。錄音中女士提及即使人們有時候很荒唐,但情緒的力量并不亞于理性思考。D選項“它們的影響力不亞于理性思考”是錄音原文的同義表述,因此正確。A選項“它們會受到人們童年經歷的影響”和C選項“它們通常是由人們不愉快的記憶引起的”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除;B選項“相比于理性思維,它們有時會顯得很可笑”,雖然是女士說的,但這是女士對男士的上一句話“人們有時會很不理智”表示贊同,并且著重想強調的還是后半部分:情緒的力量并不亞于理性思考,因此B選項也不選。

8.WhatdidpsychologistSigmundFreudsayaboutadults’dreams?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問心理學家弗洛伊德對成人的夢的看法。男士提到,弗洛伊德將兒童的夢與成人的夢進行了對比闡釋,認為成人的夢更為復雜,反映了他們復雜的情感。C選項“反映了他們復雜的情感”是錄音原文的復現,因此正確。A選項“它們需要用科學的方法來闡釋”,利用錄音中出現的thescientificmethod設置的干擾,這并不是弗洛伊德的看法,所以排除;B選項“反映了他們長期以來的愿望”,這是弗洛伊德對兒童的夢的看法,不是成人的夢,因此排除;D選項“它們通常與非理性情緒相關”,利用錄音中的irrationalfeelings設置干擾,這是男士的個人觀點,與弗洛伊德的看法無關,因此也不選。

13.單選題

MysurnameisaverycommononeinNorthChina,andIhaveeverbeeninaclassforfortystudentsinwhichsixotherpeoplehadthesamesurname!Afriendofminecommentedthatitwas

“toomuchofagoodthing!”

問題1選項

A.isaverycommonone

B.haveeverbeenin

C.fortystudentsinwhichsixother

D.Afriendofmine–commented

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。Ever改成once。在疑問句中使用haveeverbeen的形式,表示曾經。此處應用haveoncebeen。

14.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesan

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