1、取得英語語法成功的基石句子成分和句子的基本類型取得英語語法成功的基石句子成分和句子的基本類型句子成分主 謂 賓 主語謂語賓語定語 狀語 補語同位語句子成分主 謂 賓 狀語 主語 謂語 賓語觀察下面一個例句，你能找到句中的“主語” 、“謂語” 、“賓語”嗎?Iloveyou .主語 謂語賓語SVO因此這是個典型的“主謂賓”句型。主語 謂語 賓語觀察下面一個例句，你能找到句中的“主語” 、主語 (Subject) 主語是動作的主體部分在主動句中：主語是動作的發出者I teach you English.在被動句中：主語是動作的承受者You are beaten .主語一般由名詞、代詞或數詞充當。T

2、welve divided by four is three.（數詞）主語還可以由從句或非謂語動詞充當。What I want to do is join the party.Smoking is harmful to your health.To learn English is difficult.主語 (Subject) 主語是動作的主體部分謂語 (Predicate) 謂語 表示一個動作、行為，是由動詞充當的。I teach you English.一個句子能不能沒有謂語？謂語不能謂語 (Predicate) 謂語 表示一個動作、行為，是由賓語 (Object): 賓語的分類：動詞賓語

3、：動作涉及的對象。I love you.介詞賓語：介詞所涉及的對象。I want to give this book to you.賓語一般由名詞、代詞充當。賓語也可以是一個從句或非謂語動詞。He told me that he felt lonely.He likes swimming.動賓介賓賓語 (Object): 賓語的分類：動賓介賓定語 (Attributive):定語的作用用于修飾、限定名詞或代詞。定語一般由？充當。a beautiful girl定語還可以由名詞充當，表用途。 a pencil box定語形容詞定語 (Attributive):定語的作用定語形容詞定語 (Attr

4、ibutive): 定語也可以由從句或非謂語動詞充當。Those who want to learn English well should study harder than others.an interesting booka meeting to attend定語也可以由副詞（詞組）或介詞（詞組）充當。The man over thereThe books on the shelf定語 (Attributive): 定語也可以由從句或狀語(Adverbial) 狀語是用于修飾副詞、形容詞或動詞的成分。狀語一般由副詞充當。Those problems are pretty hard.形容

5、詞也可以充當狀語。Happy to see him, she forgot everything.狀語(Adverbial) 狀語是用于修飾副詞、形容狀語(Adverbial) 介詞詞組、非謂語動詞和從句也可以充當狀語。They managed to finish the job before Monday.（介詞詞組）The old man sat on the bench, enjoying the sun-set.（現在分詞詞組）As he was leaving the office, it started to rain.（時間狀語從句）狀語(Adverbial) 介詞詞組、非謂語動

6、詞和從句補語(Complement)補語是用于補充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。補語一般由名詞或形容詞充當。 I am a teacher. (S C)Dont leave me alone. (O C)主語補語賓語補足語PS：位于連系動詞后的主語補語又稱“表語”。Notice:這是一句“SVC”句型不是“SVO”補語(Complement)補語是用于補充說明主語或賓語的身補語(Complement)副詞、介詞（詞組）、非謂語動詞或從句都可以在系動詞后充當補語。Time is up. (adv.)They are in the classroom. (prep.)The place is whe

7、re we first met each other.副詞、介詞（詞組）或非謂語動詞也可以充當賓語補足語。She laid the baby on the bed. (prep.)I saw him rushing into the classroom.補語(Complement)副詞、介詞（詞組）、非謂語動詞或補語(Complement)隨著語態的變化，主語補語和賓語補語是發生變化的。Everyone calls him Jack. （賓補）He is called Jack.（主補）補語(Complement)隨著語態的變化，主語補語和賓語補同位語(Appositive)同位語是位于名詞或

8、代詞后面的個別名詞或名詞詞組，對前者進行補充說明同位語一般由名詞或名詞詞組充當The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.名詞性從句也可以充當同位語（修飾抽象名詞為多）The news that he went abroad surprised me.同位語(Appositive)同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面的個句子的基本類型根據謂語動詞的不同特點，我們可以把句子分成五大種七大類。我們用S表示主語，V表示謂語，O表示賓語，C表示補語，A表示狀語。謂語為不及物

9、動詞謂語為連系動詞謂語為及物動詞謂語為帶雙賓的及物動詞謂語為帶復合賓語的及物動詞句子的基本類型根據謂語動詞的不同特點，我們可以把句子分成五大基本句型一SV、二SVA這兩個基本句型的共同點是謂語動詞均為不及物動詞。SV句型 They have arrived.SVA句型The famous writer lived in the 18th century.基本句型一SV、二SVA這兩個基本句型的共同點是謂語動詞均為比較SV和SVA句型區別在于狀語A是不是不可或缺的：如果沒有狀語句子仍能被理解，這是SV句型。如果沒有狀語句子不能被理解，這是SVA句型。比較SV和SVA句型區別在于狀語A是不是不可或

10、缺的：基本句型三SVC這個句型的特點是謂語動詞為連系動詞。He is an excellent teacher.表語還是賓語？千萬記?。罕碚Z！基本句型三SVC這個句型的特點是謂語動詞為連系動詞。表語還是基本句型四、五這兩個基本句型的共同點是謂語動詞均為及物動詞。SVO句型 I love you very much!SVOA句型 I put the bottle on the desk.SVO 句型與SVOA句型的區別在于A是否必須存在！不能缺少！可以省略！基本句型四、五這兩個基本句型的共同點是謂語動詞均為及物動詞?；揪湫土@個基本句型的特點是謂語動詞可以接復合賓語結構。SVOC句型 I sa

11、w him rushing out of the room.OC可以看作復合賓語！基本句型六這個基本句型的特點是謂語動詞可以接復合賓語結構。O基本句型七這個基本句型的特點是謂語動詞可以接雙賓語。SVoO句型 I gave him the book. I gave the book to him.辨清直接和間接賓語!能放在介詞后的賓語為間接賓語！基本句型七這個基本句型的特點是謂語動詞可以接雙賓語。辨清直接判斷下列各句句子的基本句型Mr Black is English.The teacher taught us some grammar rules.The farmer dug up the s

12、oil.She found her ring lost.She left her job unfinished.SVCSVoOSVOSVOCSVOC判斷下列各句句子的基本句型Mr Black is Engli判斷下列各句句子的基本句型The great poet lived in the 18th century.She introduced her friends to us.The tape-recorder is on the desk.The guests have just arrived.She laid the baby on the bed.SVSVOCSVASVoOSVC判斷

13、下列各句句子的基本句型The great poet li簡單句只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結構），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種。 作一種陳述 提出一個問題 發出一種命令或請求 表示一種感嘆The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this i

14、s!簡單句的分類簡單句只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結構），它是最小的句子簡單句的基本詞序主語動詞部分賓語 狀語（謂語） 方式地點時間Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.簡單句的基本詞序主語動詞部分賓語

15、狀語簡單句的擴展成份簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語（如定語）來擴展，及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用進行擴展。I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.He worked like a

16、 madman in the garden on Saturday.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.簡單句的擴展成份簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語（如定語）兩個簡單句的主語可以連詞and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連詞連接組成一個簡單句，但應注意主語和謂語動詞的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his sec

17、retary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.主語、謂語、賓語的合并兩個簡單句的主語可以連詞and、but、both.and、并列句需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號或把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來，這種結構即構成一個并列句。用分號：We fished

18、 all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分號，后跟一個連接副詞：We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.并列句需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號或把兩個或幾個簡單句并列句常用并列連詞平行并列連詞: 轉折并列連詞：因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, howeve

19、r, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor并列句常用并列連詞平行并列連詞: and, bothan并列句并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡單句的詞序。主語 謂語 賓語 連詞 主語 動詞 表語Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.五種簡單句型可用并列連詞連接起來組成并列句。 主 謂 狀（方式） 連 主 謂 表Frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect.主 謂 賓 連 主 謂 地點I ve got a cold, so I m going to be

20、d. 主 謂 賓 賓補 連 主 謂 賓They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increase his salary.并列句并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡單句的詞序。主語 Exercise:請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He d

21、idnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.Exercise:請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所構成的句子。在英語書面語中應用廣泛。主句是一個完整的句子,它可以獨立存在。從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨立存在。復合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接在一起構成,但復合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個句子由從屬連詞引導（從句），用以充當另

22、一句子（主句）的某一成分。 復合句 = 主句 + 從句復合句由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所復合句復合句是在簡單句的基礎上，通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在一起而構成。從屬連詞所引導的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復合句主要包含以下類型從句： 1. 主語從句 2. 賓語從句3. 表語從句 4.同位語從句5.定語從句 6.狀語從句 英文寫作中最常使用的從句賓語從句狀語從句 定語從句復合句是在簡單句的基礎上，通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句He told me the news.that the match had been

23、cancelled.賓語how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fathered was working in that school.賓語從句復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句H復合句與簡單

24、句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句I dont knowhim.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.賓語從句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether

25、 he is leaving for Washington.復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句I復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主語That he didnt know the answerin the room.定語who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 +

26、從屬連詞 +簡單句t復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句That is the fact.表 語what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句T復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地點狀語時間狀語where his father workedin that factorywhere I live

27、dwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句H復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地點狀語where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句P指出下列各從句的類型I believe that everything is going on well.She was reading a novel when I came in.She is the girl who sings best in my class.賓語從句狀語從句定語從句Practice指出下列各從句