1、Clinical Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Clinical pharmacy is defined as that area of pharmacy concerned with the science and practice of rational medication use.Clinical PharmacyClinical Pharmacy includes all the services performed by pharmacists practising in hospitals, community pharmacies, nursing ho

2、mes, home-based care services, clinics and any other setting where medicines are prescribed and used. How does clinical pharmacy differ from pharmacy?The discipline of pharmacy embraces the knowledge on synthesis, chemistry and preparation of drugsClinical pharmacy is more oriented to the analysis o

3、f population needs with regards to medicines, ways of administration, patterns of use and drugs effects on the patients. The focus of attention moves from the drug to the single patient or population receiving drugs. Goalto promote the correct and appropriate use of medicinal products and devices.Th

4、ese activities aim at: maximising the clinical effect of medicinesminimising the risk of treatment-induced adverse eventsminimising the expenditures for pharmacological treatments. Activities of Clinical PharmacistsConsulting Analysing therapies, advising health care practitioners on the correctness

5、 of drug therapy and providing pharmaceutical care to patients both at hospital and at community level.Selection of drugs Defining drug formularies or limited lists of drugs in collaboration with hospital doctors, general practitioners and decision makers. Drug information Seeking information and cr

6、itically evaluating scientific literature; organising information services for both doctors and the patients. Activities of Clinical Pharmacists Drug use studies and research Drug use studies/ pharmacoepidemiology/ outcome research/ pharmacovigilance and vigilance in medicinal devices: collecting da

7、ta on drug therapies, their costs and patient outcome through structured and scientific methods.Pharmacokinetics/ therapeutic drug monitoring Studying the kinetics of drugs and optimising the dosage. The clinical pharmacist monitors, detects and prevents Medication related problems. Activities of Cl

8、inical PharmacistsClinical Trials Planning, evaluating and participating in clinical trialsPharmacoeconomy Using the results of clinical trials and outcome studies to determine cost- effectiveness evaluations.Teaching & Training Pre- and post-graduate teaching and activities to provide training and

9、education programmes for pharmacists and other health care practitionersClinical Pharmacy RequirementsKnowledge of nondrug therapyTherapeutic planningskillsDrug Information SkillsPhysical assessment skillsPatient monitoring skillsCommunication skillsKnowledge of laboratory and diagnostic skillsKnowledge of the diseaseKnowledge of drug therapyPatient careEducationRequires about 8 years of schoolingMassachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health Science