1、激光原理與技術Principles and Technology of Lasers激光原理與技術課程內容（三部分）激光原理激光器件激光技術學時48學時學分3.0學分考核方法期末考試占80平時成績占20學時短，不安排期中考試課程要求不無故缺勤按時完成作業教材：激光原理，周炳琨等編著；國防工業出版社 2000, 2004，2008參考書目：1、激光原理與技術，安毓英等編著；科學出版社 20102、激光原理， 盛新志，婁淑琴； 清華大學出版社 2010 3、激光器件，馬養武等；浙江大學出版社 20014、激光技術，藍信鉅；科學出版社 20015、激光原理學習指導，高以智等編著；國防工業出版社 20

2、066、Principles of Lasers，Orazio Svelto；Plenum Press 1998緒論激 光利用受激輻射的光放大“LASER” stands for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation一、多方面的應用需求激勵激光器的研究(1)高的單色性和相干性要求光纖通信、干涉計量、光全息、光譜分析等！(2)高功率、高能量、高強度要求激光核聚變、激光武器、非線性光學、激光加工等！(3)好的方向性要求準直、激光導航、激光雷達等！(4)良好的時間分辨率觀測超快過程：(comp. : time scal

3、e of molecular vibrations 100 fs time scale of electronic motion 100 as)二、激光的發展簡史 History of laser developments1917 A. Einstein quantum mech. of radiation (spont. & stim. emission)1954 C. H. Townes et al. first maser, implemented with NH3 molecules （Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

4、Radiation）1954 N. G. Basov & A. M. Prokhorov maser theory1958 A. L. Schawlow & Ch. H. Townes laser theory1959 G. Gould laser patent LASER : Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation1960 T. H. Maiman first laser, made from a ruby crystal1961 A. Javan et al. first gas laser (HeNe)1961 E.

5、 Snitzer Nd3+:glass - laser (1.06 m)1962 several authors GaAs diode laser (840 nm)1964 C. K. N. Patel CO2 - laser (10 m)1964 J. E. Geusic et al. Nd3+: YAG-Laser (Y3Al5O12, 1.06 m)(first) Ruby laser, T.H.Maiman(1927-2007), July, 1960, at the Hughes Research Laboratories The word laser has been genera

6、lly accepted since about 1965 The crystalline structure of ruby is similar to the one of corundum, i.e. a crystal of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), in which the small part of atoms of aluminum (about 0.05 %) is replaced with ions Cr +, producing a 694.3 nm output.Physical and Optical PropertiesDensity3.98

7、g/cc Refractive index at 700 nm1.7638 Ordinary RayMelting Point2040 C 1.7556 Extraordinary RayYoungs Modulus 345 Gpa Birefringence0.008MOR425 MPa Refractive Index vs. Chromium Concentration3 x 10-3 (n / % Cr2O3)Compressive Strength 2.0 Gpa Fluorescent Lifetime at 0.05% Cr2O33 ms at 300 KHardness9 Mh

8、os, 2000 KnoopFluorescent Linewidth (R1)5.0 at 300KThermal Expansion 20 to 50 C5.8 x 10-6 / COutput Wavelength (R1)6.94.3 nm 20 to 200 C7.7 x 10-6 / CMajor Pump Bands404 nm and 554 nmThermal Conductivity at 0 C46.02 W / (mK)at 100 C25.10 W / (mK)at 400 C12.55 W / (mK)All values are for 60 orientatio

9、n material1964 W. B. Bridges Ar+ ion laser1965 J. V. V. Kasper & G. C. Pimentel chemical laser (HCl, 3.8 m)1966 P. P. Sorokin & J. R. Lankard dye laser1971 N. G. Basov et al. Xe2+ - excimer laser1984 P.F. Moulton Ti-Sapphire laser (Ti3+:Al2O3)1961 R. J. Collins Q-switching1965 H. W. Mocker & R. J. C

10、ollins passive modelocking in a ruby laser1968 D. J. Bradley & A. J. F. Durrant synchroneous pumping1971 H. Kogelnik & C. V. Shank distributed feedback(DFB) - dye laser1984 W. H. Knox et al. pulse compression1985 D. Strickland & G. Mourou chirped pulse amplification1991 D. E. Spence et al. Kerr lens

11、 modelocking and many recent developments :e.g. single-cycle laser pulses,THz pulses,pulse shaping,generation of attosecond pulses,laser-based nuclear fusion,三、與激光及激光應用有關的諾貝爾獎 Nobel prizes for lasers and laser applications四、激光器的基本結構工作物質諧振腔激勵源五、激光器的典型應用激光的產生有劃時代意義！1、自然科學上：導致許多相關學科的誕生和發展！非線性光學、激光光譜學、激

12、光物理、激光化學、激光生物學、激光的原子冷卻和鉗制等。2、能源上：激光核聚變！3、信息處理上：激光全息、光通信等。4、醫學上：激光美容、激光手術刀等。5、軍事上：制成激光雷達和各種激光武器！致盲致眩武器、戰術性武器（擊毀裝甲車、飛機、戰術導彈等）、戰略性武器（可以摧毀遠程導彈、洲際導彈和衛星）。美國波音公司用于反導的機載激光武器系統。6、工業上：激光準直、激光導航、激光打孔、光刻集成電路等。 美研制步兵用激光武器高能激光武器 “響尾蛇”AIM-9系列空空導彈 2015年美國空軍將裝備激光炮 用激光破壞威脅地球的小行星 用于偵查犯罪的袖珍激光器 激光-氧氣切割金屬激光打孔 用激光檢驗路面質量的專用汽車激光核聚變裝置半導體激光器工作物質形態 可以分為氣體、固體、半導體、液體等工作方式 連續工作(CW or continuous wave lasers)和脈沖工作(Pulsed lasers)激光技術 調Q激光器(Q-switched lasers)、鎖模激光器(Mode locked lasers)、倍頻激光器(Frequency doubling lasers)、可調諧激光器(Tunable lasers)、單模和多模激光器(Single-mode and Multi-mode lasers)等六、激光器的分類七、課程內容安排第一章 激光