1、第1頁材料、設計及優化車輛聲學包開發技術第2頁Part1 聲學包開發的意義Part2 聲學包開發的內容Part3 聲學材料性能測試方法Part4 聲學包開發 CAE 方法Part5 應用開發實例匯報內容第3頁聲學包開發意義Part 1第4頁聲學包開發意義路面/底盤噪聲源動力傳動系噪聲源Structure-borne NoiseAirborne Noise傳動系統經過車身/底盤傳輸路面/底盤經過車身傳輸Wind noise第5頁聲學包開發意義路面/底盤噪聲源動力傳動系噪聲源Structure-borne NoiseAirborne Noise傳動系統經過車身/底盤傳輸路面/底盤經過車身傳輸Win

2、d noise聲學包處理方案第6頁聲學包開發意義Noise PerformanceCostWeightSpaceA balanced Solution第7頁聲學包開發內容Part2第8頁整車NVH開發流指標設定/分解標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證樣車調校第9頁聲學包開發流程指標設定/分解標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證樣車調校聲學包指標設定及分解地板/車門等TL地毯傳遞損失中控臺傳遞損失發動機艙/乘客艙吸聲系數艙蓋吸聲性能頂襯吸聲性能門吸聲性能聲學包設計及驗證整車聲學包模型FEM/CADBOM/材料參數聲學包模型驗證現場TL測試Ideal load測試Real Load測試聲學包設計開發滿足

3、目標性能聲學包開發聲學包調校及優化密封性能檢測NPA分析聲學包優化聲學性能成本/重量/尺寸材料類型/厚度聲學包對標測試材料性能對標吸聲材料性能隔聲材料性能子系統性能對標面板子系統座椅等子系統整車性能對標語音清楚度面板貢獻量第10頁聲學包開發流程指標設定/分解標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證樣車調校聲學包對標測試材料性能對標吸聲材料性能隔聲材料性能子系統性能對標面板子系統座椅等子系統整車性能對標語音清楚度面板貢獻量第11頁吸聲系數測試法向入射吸聲系數無規入射吸聲系數傳遞損失測試駐波管法試驗室法阻尼材料測試Oberst 方法SAE 方法材料性能測試第12頁傳遞損失測試標準混響室/全消聲室測試 混響

4、室/混響室測試現場傳遞損失測試傳遞損失仿真（VA One）子系統吸聲量測試標準混響室ABS Cabin子系統性能測試第13頁聲學包開發流程指標設定/分解標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證樣車調校聲學包指標設定及分解地板/車門等TL地毯傳遞損失中控臺傳遞損失發動機艙/乘客艙吸聲系數艙蓋吸聲性能頂襯吸聲性能門吸聲性能第14頁/1/15聲學包指標設定與分解第15頁聲學包開發流程指標設定/分解標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證樣車調校聲學包設計及驗證整車聲學包模型FEM/CADBOM/材料參數聲學包模型驗證現場TL測試Ideal load測試Real Load測試聲學包設計開發滿足目標性能聲學包開發第16

5、頁整車聲學包設計第17頁SEA 模版模型CAD/FE 輸入材料數據庫各向同性材料：密度，彈性模量，泊松比，阻尼損耗因子各向異性材料：密度，彈性模量，泊松比，阻尼損耗因子多孔吸聲材料：吸聲系數/表面阻抗，孔隙率，流阻、彎曲率，溫度特征長度，粘滯特征長度阻尼材料：密度，阻尼損耗因子，彈性模量，泊松比質量材料：面密度 or IL or TL激勵譜庫不一樣工況下各面板聲激勵聲學包模型開發第18頁理想載荷及工作載荷作用下整車測試載荷譜及車內聲場響應測試子系統（如火墻、地板等）特征測試傳遞損失測試整車聲學包模型驗證第19頁整車狀態下NPA分析，明確關鍵傳遞路徑整車NPA診療第20頁聲學包設計與驗證第21頁

6、地板、火墻等板件傳遞損失優化密封、填充等傳遞損失優化部件子系統優化第22頁發動機艙、頂襯、后備箱等吸聲性能設計部件子系統優化Absorption, Sabine/m2 Frequency (Hz)Headliner Trim AbsorptionNHeadliner_WithFelt_v3NHeadliner_WithFelt_v2NHeadliner_WithFelt_Baseline第23頁聲學包開發流程指標設定/分解標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證樣車調校聲學包調校及優化密封性能檢測NPA分析聲學包優化聲學性能成本/重量/尺寸材料類型/厚度第24頁密封性檢測鹽霧法超聲波法聲學包優化NPA

7、 分析優化目標：聲學性能優化約束：成本/重量/尺寸優化變量：材料類型/厚度整車聲學包調校第25頁總結整車NVH開發流程中聲學包開發工作包含：對標測試：吸聲、隔聲、阻尼，質量、密度，空間分布、貢獻量，聲源級等等，關鍵制訂合理測試方案指標分解：CAE分析：SEA模型、材料物性參數測試、聲源特征參數、NPA、制訂優化方案實車調教：實車NVH測試、檢漏測試、部件子系統優化等第26頁聲學包材料特征及測試方法Part 3第27頁聲學材料分類第28頁吸聲材料物理特性隔聲材料物理特性阻尼材料物理特性T&S 解決方案本節內容第29頁吸聲材料物理特征第30頁多孔吸聲材料吸聲材料：含有大量內外聯通微小孔隙和孔洞吸聲

8、機理黏滯性和內摩擦效應熱傳導效應吸聲性能評價指標法向入射吸聲系數混響室內測試吸聲系數第31頁混響室法： ISO 354/GB T20247/ASTM C423聲學 混響室吸聲測量，測量結果為無規入射吸聲系數駐波管法：ISO 10532/ASTM E-1050/ASTM C384，測量結果為法相入射吸聲系數吸聲系數測試方法和標準第32頁ISO 354 / ASTM C423 要求樣本太大，由SAE 聲學材料委員會主持研究標準小樣本混響室測試相當于ISO 354 / ASTM C423混響室體積1/10 （甚至更小），每個混響箱須利用標準混響室進行標定利用脈沖響應法及施羅德原理 混響箱第33頁聲學

9、材料性能本構方程Johnson-Champoux-Allard 開發5參數方程airflow resistivity , open porosity , tortuosity viscous characteristic length , thermal characteristic length 預測方法第34頁Flow resistivity：流阻，氣流流過結構阻力，定義為其中 p 為氣流流過材料壓力損失Vairflow 為氣體流量，d為材料厚度測試標準：EN 29053 std (ISO European std)幾何物理參數第35頁Open Porosity：開孔孔隙率，材料內部流體體

10、積與材料總體積比值定義：閉孔孔隙率為零幾何物理參數第36頁開孔孔隙率測試（No Std）利用理想氣體恒溫壓縮（玻意耳定律）幾何物理參數測試第37頁Tortuosity：彎曲率，無量綱量，描述流體流過材料路徑彎曲程度定義： 其中，v 為流體流速，V 為均一體積測試方法（No Std）：電學方法幾何物理參數第38頁Viscous characteristic lengths：粘滯特征長度描述材料及內部流體相互作用粘性力，定義：Thermal characteristic lengths：溫度特征長度描述材料及內部流體之間溫度交換，定義：其中，v 為流體流速，V 為內部流體體積， S 為內部孔隙與材

11、料間接觸面積幾何物理參數第39頁Inverse method：遺傳算法，最小價值函數解幾何物理參數測試第40頁analytical inversion method幾何參數測試第41頁幾何物理參數測試第42頁材料拓撲分類Rigid Frame：結構遠遠強于內部氣體，如聚合物纖維、穿孔板等Limp：材料密度與內部氣體密度相當，結構非自支撐，多是纖維類Elastic frame：結構與內部流體相互作用，如巖棉多孔吸聲材料分類聚合物纖維：Rigid Frame軟玻璃纖維：Limp巖棉： Elastic frame第43頁Poros-Elastic：需要知道力學參數楊氏模量（體積模量）泊松比內損耗因子

12、力學性能參數第44頁準靜態測試方法(No Std)機械阻抗和側向變形力學性能測試第45頁準靜態方法有限元靜力學仿真：任意確定一個彈性模量和損耗因子，選擇不一樣泊松比計算，能夠取得 T 隨泊松比改變函數利用試驗測試取得 T 和仿真結果能夠得到材料泊松比力學性能測試第46頁準靜態方法有限元靜力學仿真：確定泊松比，改變不一樣彈性模量能夠取得壓縮剛度 K 隨楊氏模量改變函數利用試驗測試 K 和仿真結果能夠得到材料楊氏模量力學性能測試第47頁隔聲材料物理特征第48頁聲障：隔斷噪聲從一個空間向其臨近空間傳輸反射能力強，吸聲性能差材料密實，透射聲能小STL：傳遞損失隔聲材料（聲障）第49頁隔聲原理：質量定律

13、 其中f為頻率，w為面密度雙墻結構：同質量雙層墻比單層墻隔聲量大5-10dB柔性材料：預防材料與結構共振非開孔材料大質量隔聲材料（聲障）第50頁經典聲障材料Thermoplastic barriers with fillers(high mass per surface area)Barriers with fiber or foam decouplers Fiber/mastic/fiber constructions Lightweight impervious membranes 障板產品：地板系統、火墻絕緣板、密封材料隔聲材料（聲障）第51頁各種 STL 測試方法SAE J1400 空

14、氣聲隔聲性能試驗室測試方法ASTM E90 / ISO 140空氣聲隔聲性能標準試驗室測試方法ISO 15186-1聲強測試法第52頁SAE J1400STL測試要求：混響室-半消聲室參考樣本（均勻柔性面板）隨機噪聲測量聲源及半消聲室內SPL測試樣本隨機噪聲測量聲源及半消聲室內SPL第53頁ISO140/ASTM E90STL測試要求：混響-混響測試Audio AmpllifierInternal light absorptionWalls with TL of 30 dB at 100 HzMicrophones systemSteel plate and sample position第5

15、4頁STL測試要求：混響-全消ISO 15186 聲強法第55頁阻尼材料物理特征第56頁通常為聚合物材料，用于面板表面降低 / 耗散振動耗散過程將機械能轉化為熱能常見阻尼產品：Asphalt Melt SheetsFoil Constrained Layer DampersSpray On ( Epoxy, Water based)Expandable Patch Constrained Layer (PCL)Laminated Steel Sheet阻尼材料第57頁阻尼材料應用效果阻尼材料第58頁應用FloorDash panelRoofDoorsBrakes阻尼材料第59頁SAE J671

16、利用基礎板自由振動衰減率測試復合材料振動阻尼SAE J1637 利用支撐鋼梁測試復合材料振動阻尼試驗室方法ASTM E756測試材料振動阻尼方法阻尼損耗因子測試標準第60頁經過振動衰減率測試阻尼方法能夠測試材料各種應用對阻尼影響能夠取得特定頻率和隨溫度改變阻尼不能測試復模量信息測試要求基礎板件尺寸：500 x 500 x 6 mm共振頻率 145 to 165 Hz，常溫下自由振動衰減率不超出3dBSAE J671 測試方法第61頁/1/15SAE J671第62頁能夠在特定頻率和溫度下激勵阻尼桿確定共振頻率，并經過半功率帶寬方法計算阻尼損耗因子對其它振動激勵和溫度下進行重復測量SAE J16

17、37 用于測試復合損耗因子，ASTM E756用于測試獨立材料Oberst Bar-SAE J1637/ASTM E-756第63頁T&S 處理方案第64頁CharacteristicsMaterial typePARAMETERSTANDARDMETHODOLOGYMass LayerFoamFiberAlpha SabineISO 354 and ASTM stdISO std Reverberant room ca 200 m3NoYesYesAlternative ABS-CAB methodNoYessee ABS-CAB cabineYessee ABS-CAB cabineTra

18、nsmission LossISO 140/x or ASTM equivalentISO 140/x std: 2 reverberant rooms face to faceYesYesYesEquivalent to ISO standard aboveAlternative: Reverberant room in the ground and Anechoic chamber on topYesYessee TL or ILYessee TL or ILNo standardAlternative: 2 box on top each other - Fiat-Peugeot met

19、hodYesYessee TL small Yessee TL small Insertion lossNo standardSame as TL above with unknown material layer laynig on top of fixed metal plateYesYessee TL or ILYessee TL or ILBulk ModulusNo standardMechanical stifness measurement and 3-d modelingNoYessee Bulk ModulusYessee Bulk ModulusDamping loss F

20、actorOberst method DIN/ISO stdYesYessee OberstYessee OberstSAE method stdYesYoungs modulusOberst method DIN/ISO stdYesYessee OberstYessee OberstPoisson RatioNo standardLaser beam static experimentYesYesAiflow ResistivityEN 29053 std (ISO European std)Forced air through sampleNoYessee Flow Resistance

21、Yessee Flow ResistancePorosityNo standardNoYesYesTurtuosityNo standardElectrical methodNoYessee TortuosityYessee TortuosityAbsorption + ImpedanceISO and ASTM standardsKundt Tube method Transfer FunctionNoYessee KundtYessee KundtNo standardKunt Impulse ResponseNoYessee KundtYessee KundtPlane wave Tra

22、nsmission LossNo standardsDouble Kundt tubeYesYessee KundtYessee KundtNo standardsDouble Kundt tube Impulse Response methodYesYessee KundtYessee KundtImpedance and physical modelNo standardNew Kundt tube versionYesYesSolutions 匯總第65頁Kundt tube：阻抗管系統SCS 9020B 系列駐波管吸聲系數復反射系數復表面阻抗傳遞損失復質量密度復體積模量第66頁ISO

23、standard 10534-2 it is not very good actually and we do not recommend to follow it in total.Our recommendation it is to use the positions M1 and M2 or M2 and MII which are the original positions in the earlier ISO and are also the best one in our experience.Mic. Positions R and MI have been introduc

24、ed due to the latest revision of ISO 10534-2 which requires a higher Microphones distance for low frequencies. However, if you want to use position R, you shall move the sample about 15cm away to assure a minimum distance between the Mic. R and the sample. You just have to move backward the piston,

25、it is very simple.RM2M1MIIMIKundt tube：吸聲系數測試配置第67頁Microphones positions1 2Microphones positions3 4SampleSound Source1 or 2 Loads(anechoic terminations)unu*nTL 測試沒有相關ISO或者ASTM標準3 microphones method or “single” load TL Modulus only4 microphones method or “two-loads” TL Modulus, f, ZcKundt tube：吸聲系數測試

26、配置第68頁From ISO 10534 it can be seen that Sound absorption coefficient of the material can be determined using Standardized Kundt apparatus with 2 methods:SWT “standing wave ratio” and TF “transfer function method”While the SWT intrinsically get to single Frequency values, steady state sinusoidal exc

27、itation, the TF is based on FFT and FRF so it get to expressed in a full spectrumA problem: how to derive 1/3 or 1/1 octave values from TF method?Common sense says: take the values at the Frequencies corresponding to 1/3 octave bands nominal value!New methodology based on the measurement of the reve

28、rberation time in the tube.It can be considered a kind of hybrid among ISO 10534 but it is more precise and energetically correct.The sound signal is an exponential sine sweep of which it is measured the Impulse Response Function IRF.By convoluting the IFR with 1/3 octaves IIR we obtain the from a “

29、whole” 1/3 octave bands and not just from a single Frequency line!Sine SweepIRFKundt device with add.on elements for T60Kundt Tube extended metodologies (T60)第69頁Everything is compatible with standard Kundt deviceCircled items are add-on for T60Squared items are standardSample IISample ILoudspeakerO

30、nly 1 micorphone is necessaryImpulse Response (from T60 measurment)A new method for the measurement of single and coupled absorption coefficients It is based on the reverberation time in the Kundt tubeThe method produces 1/3 octave band sound absorption values and complies with ISO-ASTM results but

31、resolves ambiguities in the conversion of FFT values into 1/3 octave values. The sound energy is injected at side and moves in both directions and build up the standing wavesAfter each impact of the plane waves with the samples at the ends the intensity of the waves is reduced yelding to the concept

32、 of Reverberation TimeReverberation time (T60) is obtained from the measurement of the impulse response using a methodology known as “exponential sine sweep”: Squared Impulse Response and Schroeder back-integration to evaluate the reverberation time in the tube with an exceptional S/N ratio. Compari

33、son of results for 0 using ISO-ASTM method (TF) and the Impulse Response (TF) for T60 evaluationTransmission Loss measurements in a tube can also be performed.The excitation signal is a sine sweep and the impulse response of each microphone position is determined. The maxima peaks shift of the measu

34、rements gives the distance x1 to x4 and the amplitude coefficient of the Complex Pressure function are determined and used to estimated the coefficient of Transfer Function Matrix Kundt Tube extended metodologies (T60)第70頁ABS Cabine: 混響箱系統SCS 9031 ABS Cabine樣本尺寸 1m*1.2m頻率范圍： 500 8000Hz 1/1 Octave 31

35、5 8000 Hz 1/3 Octave空間5個測試點，內部配置自動旋轉定位裝置；墻壁由多層復合結構制成，隔聲量優于20dB(100Hz)；專業后處理軟件：基于施羅德原理，Windows XP第71頁SCS9023流阻測試（EN 29053）電子速度控制器標定杯可調樣品夾具可替換凸輪直徑100mm管體，包含活塞和齒輪傳動電機1/2“ 麥克風及附件專業后處理軟件Flow Resistivity：流阻測試系統第72頁SCS 9028 開孔孔隙率測試適合用于開孔性材料測試，如 纖維、毛氈、泡沫等高精度驅動控制，微米級空腔壓力差為0.3-1 mm Hg之間測試精度優于 1 %Porosity：開孔率測

36、試系統第73頁SCS 9025 彎曲率測試系統（No Std）圓柱形水箱、測量箱試樣夾具、電極、管路及連接件桌面型寬頻帶功率推進器，帶有高、低通濾波器專業測量分析軟件包Turtuosity：彎曲率測試系統第74頁PAM-RC RoKCellsoftware determine parameters related to visco-inertial and thermal dissipation inside a porous material following JCAL (Johnson Champoux Allard Lafarge) model. It allows for the d

37、etermination of 5 parameters: the static air flow resistivity, the high frequency limit of the dynamic tortuosity, the viscous and thermal characteristic lengths the static thermal permeability. It is “unique” for 2 reasons:the implemented method consists in an analytical inversion of all non-direct

38、ly measurable parameters: it does not rely on any curve fitting; method described by Panneton & Olny in their and publications. It allows the determination of the static thermal permeability:a parameter introduced by Lafarge et al. to improve the description of the thermal dissipation inside porous

39、media. PAM-RC Software第75頁PAM-RC RoKCellsoftwareRoKCell main panel:IN the example it shows Normal incidence absorption coefficient measured vs. estimated resultscharacterization windows for visco-inertial (tortuosity, viscous characteristic length) main parameter is complex mass density.Characteriza

40、tion windows for thermal parameters (thermal characteristic length, static thermal permeability) main parameter is Bulk modulusPAM-RC Software第76頁PAM-RC RoKCellsoftware - How it works? As simple as 1, 2 and 3Preliminary:Get Kundt tube data: Complex impedance, TL, complex mass density and Bulk modulu

41、sGet Open porosity or try a first guess (0.8 to 0.9)Step 1Adjust cursors in the characterization windows for visco-inertial (tortuosity, viscous characteristic length) main parameter is complex mass density in the low frequency range until obtaining a good correspondance between experimental data an

42、d theoretical ones Step 2Adjust cursors in the Characterization windows for thermal parameters (thermal characteristic length, static thermal permeability) main parameter is Bulk modulus - in the mid frequency range until obtaining a good correspondance between experimental data and theoretical ones

43、 Step 3Go to PAM-RC RoKCell main panel (Normal incidence absorption coefficient, TL, or Impedance) and adjust porosity to obtain the best correspondance between measured vs. estimated resultsValidationResults check: Run “Auto” mode to estimate the whole set of parameters and check if the previous an

44、alytical results are confirmed.Standard physical model is JCAL with 6 parametersAlternatively it also works based on Delany and Bazley model with Flow resistivity as single parameter All experimental data, estimated data and other information are stored in “txt” readable files.PAM-RC Software第77頁SCS

45、 9026 彈性測試測試系統動態楊氏模量，動剛度，阻尼損耗因子等鋼&鋁制機械結構步進式正弦信號發生器及閉環控制器靜態楊氏模量及泊松比測試選項包含加載機構壓縮材料，經過兩組多束激光測量側向變形，分辨率到達10 micron真空測試環境選項真空環境艙及真空泵，環境可到達100 mBASeismic table 桌面Mechanical stifness：彈性參數測試系統第78頁隔聲測試處理方案非標準產品可依據客戶要求提供符合各種標準要求大、中、小型隔聲測試方案第79頁SCS 9022 SAE 阻尼測試方案測試基礎鋼板 600 x 600m 5mm 厚承載板及彈性支撐裝置等ICP型力錘， 0 to

46、445N, 11.2 mV/N加速度傳感器，ICP型，靈敏度7mV/g專業后處理軟件SAE J671 阻尼測試系統第80頁Oberst Bar 阻尼測試系統SCS 9021 Oberst 測試系統測試專用臺架、可調整夾具及機械臂電磁激振器及電源適配器等高溫、非接觸感應式位移傳感器位移傳感器信號輸入調理，BNC輸出參考鋼桿300 x10 mm 1mm 厚專業后處理軟件第81頁聲學包開發CAE仿真Part 5第82頁/1/15材料預測模型第83頁任意截面形狀圓柱孔內空氣有效密度和有效模量其中材料預測模型-介觀力學第84頁剛性框架材料內聲傳輸從幾何框架出發模擬多孔材料等效密度和模量難度很大，所以多數

47、建模采取了 phenomenological 理論（homogenization theory），其中 Johnson and Champoux and Allard 工作得到了廣泛認可很顯著，有效密度和有效模量取決于材料 5 個幾何參數airflow resistivity , open porosity , tortuosity viscous characteristic length , thermal characteristic length 材料預測模型-均質理論第85頁表面阻抗及傳輸常數Delany and Bazley 模型適合玻璃棉和較軟巖棉材料預測模型-半經驗公式第86頁

48、針對多孔彈性材料，并假設材料為均質和各向同性材料預測模型-Biot 原理第87頁Statistical Energy AnalysisTypical applicationsAssemblies doors, cockpits, etc.Systems and sub sub-systemsComplete vehicles interior & exteriorTypical frequency range 500 to 10k HzAdvantagesGeometric detail not criticalAccurate to higher frequenciesSolution ti

49、mes relatively short (min.)Moderate computing power needsDisadvantagesRequires structural structural-acoustic expertiseValidation testing can be complicated complicated第88頁Hybrid FEM/SEA Method Typical applicationsComplete vehicle modelsComponentsTypical frequency range 10 to 10k HzAdvantagesNearly

50、full frequency rangeDisadvantagesEmerging technology Not much experience yet with this technology第89頁90Vehicle Airborne exitation How can we predict diffraction of source around vehicle in order to define exterior SPL for SEA model? Airborne SEA modelsourceOption # 1 : Use test data time consuming,

51、non predictiveOption # 2 : Use semi-empirical methods not accurateOption # 3 : Use simulation objective of this study第90頁91 / SubsystemPressure distribution at specific frequencySpace/frequency averaged pressure response in 1/3rd octave bandCPU timeAccuracyFMM solution outputSEA model inputEvaluatio

52、n of resultsVehicle Airborne excitation第91頁第92頁第93頁第94頁95FEM+PEM怎樣在整車有限元模型中模擬裝飾效果（0-400Hz）？?方法 # 1 :- 在白車身結構有限元基礎上采取等效質量/彈簧模擬裝飾，并對有限元聲腔進行等效方法 # 2 :- 采取完全 BIOT方程 描述多孔彈性材料，模擬結構、裝飾和流體完全耦合響應模型能夠正確描述物理現象及響應第95頁PEM 描述內裝飾、耦合效果而且計算耦合響應FEM+PEM第96頁PAM-P AlphaCellis a software based on the Tranfer Matrix Metho

53、d (TMM/FTMM) It predicts the sound absorption or sound transmission performances of material layers. These layers can describe porous media, solid materials or fluids (air).User can apply simple and advanced models:Delany Bazley(1 parameter),JAC Johnson Champoux Allard(5 parameters),JACL Johnson Cha

54、mpoux Allard Pride Lafarge (8 parameters),Olny Boutin double prosoity model, micro-perforated facings with circular, rectangular or slit-like perforations,Biot model (isotropic skeleton, 4 parameters) which can be applied to all previous acoustic models to include the elastic effects of the porous f

55、rame. AlphaCell features:an intuitive interface, a database of materials (from experiments or from PAM-RC estimation), a project management for simulations, a customizable PDF report generation of the simulations, a data export/import for comparisons.PAM-P software：多層聲學包設計優化第97頁Layer nameModelParameters1Foam 4 AA09 Fig11.11Acoustic: JCAElastic: Elastic (