1、Grammar and usageVerb-ing forms as subjects and objectsUnit 2 The universal languageLead in: Do you know the name of this piece of music?The music High Mountains and Flowing Water tells us the story of Boya and Zhong Ziqi who became _ for their mutual understanding of _.bosom friendsmusicIn Chinas S

2、pring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there lived a man named Boya, who was a master of the qin. Playing the qin was his life. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques. However, Boya believed no one could understand his music until he

3、 met Zhong Zigi. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece High Mounta

4、ins and Flowing Water. Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year. However, Zhong Ziqi fai

5、led to show up on that day. When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqis death, he was overcome with sorrow. He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqis grave. After he finished playing the piece, he destroyed the qin and said, “Since the only person that understands my music is gone, i

6、ts no use keeping the qin.”Exploring the rulesVerb-ing forms as subjects Playing the qin was his life.Verb-ing forms as objects . everyone enjoyed listening . Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, ., its no use keeping the qin.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,

7、 .When Boya continued playing, . who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. before going their separate ways, .After he finished playing the piece, .Exploring the rulesFind the sentences that use verb-ing forms as subjects or objects Working out the rulesWhen the verb-ing form is used

8、 as the subject of a sentence, we can sometimes use the preparatory subject (形式主語) (1) at the beginning of the sentence. The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of a (2) or a (3) .verbitpreposition動詞-ing形式是動詞的一種_形式，包括_和_。本宮一日不死，爾等終究是妃！臣妾現在分詞臣妾過去分詞臣妾不定式臣妾動名詞非謂語現在分詞動名詞動名詞在句中充當的成分與名詞類似，即作主語、賓語

9、、表語（說明主語是什么東西）、定語（表示用途，目的）現在分詞的作用類似于形容詞和副詞，在句子中主要充當定語（表動作）、狀語、補語、表語（說明主語是怎樣的）1. 動名詞作主語一般表示泛指的行為，謂語動詞用_形式。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn English.2. 以下句型中可用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語動名詞置于后面：Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收It was a waste of time reading that book.Its worth making the effort. 做出努力是值得

10、的。動名詞作主語單數1. 動名詞可以充當_的賓語以及_后的賓語。如：We are considering paying a visit to the Science Museum.Im fond of collecting stamps and coins.2. 后面只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞和詞組有：動名詞作賓語承認(admit)喜歡(enjoy)別放棄(give up) 允許（allow/permit）錯過(miss)莫介意(mind)避免(avoid)冒險(risk)要逃脫（escape）考慮(consider)禁止(forbid/prohibit)以防止(prevent)建議(advis

11、e/suggest)推遲(delay/postpone/put off)來完成(finish)感覺像/想要(feel like)想象(imagine)忙于(be busy)否認（deny）不提及(mention)欣賞/感激(appreciate)不厭惡(dislike)突然開始(burst out)原諒(forgive)與忍受(stand)忍不住(cant help)要持續(keep)練習 (practice)allow/permit/forbid/advise 后如果有sb作賓語，則可用不定式作賓補動詞介詞既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞：begin, start, continue,

12、like, dislike, love, prefer, mean, forget, remember, hate, regret 等。(1) 在begin, start, continue之后，用動名詞和不定式，意義無區別。(2) 在like, love, hate, prefer等動詞之后，用動名詞或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側重點有些不同：動名詞表示泛指的動作，不定式表示具體的一次性動作。(3) 在動詞forget, remember, regret之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同：動名詞表示動作_發生，不定式表示動作_發生。Tips動名詞作賓語已經還沒regret doing sth

13、. 后悔做過某事(事情已經做過)regret to do sth. 遺憾要做某事(事情正要做或還未做)a. I regret lending him so much money because he never paid me back. 我很后悔借給他那么多錢，因為他從來沒有還過我。b. I regret to tell you that you failed the test. 我遺憾的告訴你，你沒有通過考試。a. Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. 錯過那趟巴士意味著就要再等一個小時。b. Im feeling very gui

14、lty - Ive been meaning to call my parents for days, but still havent got around to it. 我感到非常內疚幾天來我一直打算給父母打電話，但還是沒機會打。mean doing sth 意味著 mean to do sth 打算做某事need, demand, want, require, 在表示“需要”時，用動詞-ing形式的主動形式表被動意義，或用不定式的被動形式。need/demand/want/require + doing = need/demand/want/require + to be doneeg:

15、 The car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired. 這輛車需要修理。Tips動名詞作賓語1. 動名詞作主語或賓語時，有被動形式。如：_ (recognize) gives us confidence.The top star went to the market without _ (recognize).2.動名詞的否定形式是在前面加not，如：You have no excuse for not going.3. 動名詞作主語或賓語時，可加物主代詞或名詞所有格構成復合結構。(在口語和非正式中，動名詞復合結構作賓語時，常用人稱代

16、詞賓格代替物主代詞，用名詞普通格代替所有格。)She left, annoyed by your saying that.Marys staying up so late worries her mom.I still have photos of myself acting in Shakespeares drama.動名詞作主語/賓語Being recognizedbeing recognizedStudying without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without studying ends in puzzlement.-Confuc

17、iusThe greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.-Ralph Waldo EmersonBeing ignorant is not so much a shame as being unwilling to learn. -Benjamin FranklinB1 Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks. P21 1. Listen to music is my fav

18、ourite thing to do.2. I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians.3. Its no use try to play the violin if youre not going to give it your best shot.4. Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar?5. These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music.Listeningreadingtryingteachi

19、ngplayingApplying the rulesB2 Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.If you have to choose music from the Earth to send into space, what music do you think is capable of (1) _ (represent) mankind? The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question. In 1977,

20、 two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out (2) _ (explore) the solar system. On both spacecraft, there is a selection of music from our planet. (3) _ (send) music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan, who believed intelligent life existed on other planet

21、s. The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any). A group of scientists and artists got down to (4) _ (choose) suitable music.representingto exploreSendingchoosingApplying the rulesOf course, they had trouble (5) _ (select) which pieces of music

22、to include. In the end, 27 different pieces of music (6) _ (last) 90 minutes were put on the spacecraft. China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu (7) _ (play) an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin. It is said that Boya wrote it. It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft (8) _ (enter) the space between the stars. We do not know what will happen in the end, but ma