1、8/13/2022分句、合句法 Division and Combination8/13/2022 英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上存在差異，這種差異包括詞、短語(yǔ)、句子等的時(shí)間和空間順序，也包括表達(dá)內(nèi)容和形式方面的不同。在翻譯時(shí)，需要對(duì)原來(lái)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。 通過分句法和合句法的學(xué)習(xí)，拋棄原來(lái)逐字逐句翻譯的習(xí)慣，初步掌握這兩種翻譯技巧，并能夠運(yùn)用到翻譯實(shí)踐中去。8/13/2022定義分句法-把原文的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。合句法-把原文兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句或一個(gè)復(fù)合句在譯文中用一個(gè)單句來(lái)表達(dá)。8/13/2022把原文中的一個(gè)單詞譯成句子，使原文的一個(gè)句子分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。 1.

2、 副詞 eg. The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. 中國(guó)人似乎為他們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)上取得的成就而自豪，這是合乎情理的。 8/13/20221）Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 她滿以為會(huì)有某種奇跡般的解決辦法，這顯然不合情理。2)They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他們沒有回答，這完全是意料之中的事。3)Theoretically, this is a marvelou

3、s piece of scientific writing. 從理論上看，那是一篇了不起的科學(xué)論文。 8/13/20222. 形容詞Eg. That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 那地區(qū)是個(gè)麻煩的地方，這是大家最容易看得出來(lái)的。 The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible-about one in four. 大約有四分之一的美國(guó)青年人沒有閱讀能力，這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。8/13/20223. 名詞1. He sh

4、ook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他搖了搖頭，兩目睜得圓圓的，接著又瞇成一條線，臉上露出了憤怒的神色。2. The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants. 每個(gè)帳篷內(nèi)怎樣的布置，這要看各個(gè)使用者的性格了。8/13/2022 把原文中的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)譯成句子，使原文的一個(gè)句子分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。1. 分詞短語(yǔ)Eg. They were at home in the home of the people,

5、moving confidently without fear. 他們?cè)谌罕娂依锔械阶栽冢袆?dòng)時(shí)心里踏實(shí)，無(wú)憂無(wú)慮。8/13/20221) She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen. 她坐在那兒雙手拖著下巴，眼睛凝視著小廚房的一角。2) He was lying on his side watching her. 他側(cè)身躺著。雙目凝視著她。8/13/2022Eg. I wrote four books in the first three years, a record

6、never touched before. 我頭三年寫了四本書，打破了以往的記錄。8/13/20221）The station chief would have to be close to the director, a member of the inner circle. 這位站長(zhǎng)就得接近董事，因?yàn)槎率呛诵募瘓F(tuán)的成員。2）The hospital was already spreading a fame for its food. 這個(gè)醫(yī)院伙食好，這點(diǎn)已遠(yuǎn)近聞名了。 8/13/2022Eg. Their power increased with their number. 他們?nèi)藬?shù)增加

7、了，力量也隨之增強(qiáng)。1.He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他來(lái)到華盛頓，就國(guó)際形式來(lái)說(shuō)，時(shí)機(jī)正合適。2. Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe. 醫(yī)生和傷病員常常談起一種神奇的藥物，而且談時(shí)幾乎都帶著一種敬畏的口氣。8/13/2022 3. The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach. 答案一直擺在那里，可（他）就是沒有拿到

8、手。8/13/2022Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作，符合美國(guó)的利益。 （在主謂連接處拆譯）8/13/2022 并列復(fù)合句拆譯并列英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句常常在分句連接處加以切分，譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in the racially conscious 19th century America and some white workers were u

9、nsettled by their appearance in large numbers.譯文：在種族意識(shí)十分強(qiáng)烈的19 世紀(jì)的美國(guó)，招募中國(guó)勞工的做法并非普遍為人們所接受。由于工地上出現(xiàn)大批中國(guó)勞工，某些白人工人感到心緒不安。（在連詞and 處切分）8/13/2022 主從復(fù)合句的分譯 英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句漢譯時(shí)常在分句連接處加以切分，分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。 1. A bankable actor is one with whose name a producer can raise enough money to make a film. 譯文：所謂“搖錢樹”的演員就是指這樣一種演員：制片人

10、只需抬出其大名來(lái)就可以籌措到足夠攝制一部影片的經(jīng)費(fèi)。 （在with whose 前切分） 2. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 譯文：我要感謝你們無(wú)與倫比的盛情款待。中國(guó)人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞名世界的。 （在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯） 8/13/2022 把原文的一個(gè)句子拆開，譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。 1.Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking arou

11、nd in the big kitchen watching him eat. 有時(shí)，克羅斯太太一面在大廚房踱來(lái)踱去，一面看他吃飯。 2.She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 她已試了好幾次，要幫他們另找一所出租的房子，結(jié)果并未成功。8/13/20223.But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations. 但是，如果該地區(qū)再次發(fā)

12、生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，顯然會(huì)使國(guó)際關(guān)系處于緊張狀態(tài)。4.His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因?yàn)樗麤]有遵守安全規(guī)則，機(jī)器出了故障。8/13/20225.The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees. 屋后是個(gè)寬敞的院子，大部分都給果實(shí)累累的果樹占據(jù)了。 6. David opened the door, and Arthur went out into the rain. 大衛(wèi)把門打

13、開，亞瑟走出去，冒著雨。7. He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace. 他想告訴約翰，他沒有料到他的知識(shí)有這么淵博，但是覺得有些不好意思，沒有說(shuō)出口。8/13/2022分句法（一）把原文中的一個(gè)單詞譯成句子，使原文的一個(gè)句子分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。（二）把原文中的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)譯成句子，使原文的一個(gè)句子分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。（三）把原文的一個(gè)句子拆開，譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。8/13/2022Exercises 1）Film

14、s, gramophone records and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount of information. 2) She had such a kindly, smiling, tender-gentle, generous heart of her own, .3) One bad winter we watch the river creep up the lower meadows.4) It seemed to him unquestionable that fortunately he ha

15、d been permitted to look upon one of the worlds really great men.5) But at this instant the men, the spectators awoke from their stone-like poses and crowded forward sympathetically.8/13/20225) But at this instant the men, the spectators awoke from their stone-like poses and crowded forward sympathe

16、tically.6) They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.7) I saw the vague figures of the watch grouped in the waist, gazing in awed silence.8) I had others excited by what I saw and yet feeling like a souvenir-hunter I decided to write.9) We drove to the south of France, taking turns with the dri

17、ving.8/13/20229) We drove to the south of France, taking turns with the driving.10) Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound.11) At last he became nothing, a delightful, useless young man with a perfect face and no profession.12) She treated that lady with ever

18、y demonstration of cool respect, .8/13/202212) She treated that lady with every demonstration of cool respect, .13) But then he was wonderfully good-looking, with his brown hair, his clear-cut face, and his grey eyes.14)It was a town of sighs and silences, with none of the studied advertisements of

19、sorrow.15) His arms holding her had a tendency to tighten around her, so he leaned back and began to talk thoughtfully into the air.8/13/202215) His arms holding her had a tendency to tighten around her, so he leaned back and began to talk thoughtfully into the air.16) The end justifies the means.17

20、) The little chaps good-natured honest face won his for him.18）Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion. 8/13/2022Exercises 1）Films, gramophone records and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount of information. 電影、唱片和錄音磁帶給他們提供大量資料，這樣使他們感到不知所措。2) She had such a kindly, smi

21、ling, tender-gentle, generous heart of her own, . 她心地厚道，性格溫柔，氣量又大，為人又樂觀.3) One bad winter we watch the river creep up the lower meadows. 一年冬天，天氣惡劣，我們看著河水漫過低洼的草地。8/13/20224) It seemed to him unquestionable that fortunately he had been permitted to look upon one of the worlds really great men.他覺得自己得以瞻

22、仰了一位世界上真正偉大的人物，確是三生有幸。5) But at this instant the men, the spectators awoke from their stone-like poses and crowded forward sympathetically.這當(dāng)兒，原來(lái)呆若木雞，在一旁觀看的人們?nèi)鐗?mèng)初醒，露出同情的神色，一齊擁上前來(lái)。8/13/20226) They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他們根本沒有答復(fù)，這是不足為奇。8/13/20227) I saw the vague figures of the watc

23、h grouped in the waist, gazing in awed silence.我看到值班水手模模糊糊的的身影一起擠到了中部甲板上，他們都驚得目瞪口呆。8) I had others excited by what I saw and yet feeling like a souvenir-hunter I decided to write.我有別的想法。我為所見的一切而激動(dòng)，同時(shí)也不無(wú)留此存照的想法我決定搞寫作。8/13/20229) We drove to the south of France, taking turns with the driving.我們駕車到法國(guó)南部

24、去，途中輪流開車。10) Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound.她的身影依然無(wú)處不在，時(shí)時(shí)都觸痛著舊日的創(chuàng)傷。8/13/202211) At last he became nothing, a delightful, useless young man with a perfect face and no profession.最后他啥也不是，成了愉快而無(wú)用的小伙子，臉孔漂亮，卻沒有職業(yè)。12) She treated that lady with every demons

25、tration of cool respect, .她對(duì)那位夫人不冷不熱，不錯(cuò)規(guī)矩。8/13/202213) But then he was wonderfully good-looking, with his brown hair, his clear-cut face, and his grey eyes.但另一方面，他卻是長(zhǎng)得特別漂亮，頭發(fā)是棕黃色的，臉很清秀，眼睛是灰色的。14)It was a town of sighs and silences, with none of the studied advertisements of sorrow.全城一片嘆息，一片沉默，但是誰(shuí)也沒有

26、故意流露出悲痛的神情。8/13/202215) His arms holding her had a tendency to tighten around her, so he leaned back and began to talk thoughtfully into the air.他摟著她，雙臂不由自主地收緊，因此，他就往后一靠，望著天空，若有所思地開始談了起來(lái)。8/13/202216) Marys kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her fathers callous behavior.瑪麗是個(gè)溫和善良的好人，對(duì)她父親

27、這種冷酷無(wú)情的行為，實(shí)在看不順眼。17) The end justifies the means.只要目的正確，用哪種方法都無(wú)關(guān)緊要。8/13/202218) The little chaps good-natured honest face won his for him.這小伙子長(zhǎng)相老實(shí)，脾氣也好，到處有人緣。19) Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion. 經(jīng)過調(diào)查，我們得出了上述的結(jié)論。8/13/2022二合句法合并法亦稱并句法或合句法。合并法多用于英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句子的翻譯，特別是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的英語(yǔ)句子共用相同的主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，由于漢語(yǔ)

28、不喜歡重復(fù)主語(yǔ)，也不喜歡用代詞作主語(yǔ)，不如把幾句話串聯(lián)成漢語(yǔ)的一句話（孫致禮，2003：93）。在漢譯英過程中，合并法就是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的漢語(yǔ)句子加以合并，譯成一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子；也可指把一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)復(fù)合句合并為一個(gè)英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句。8/13/2022 詞的合譯1) You will supply financial power, and well supply man power. Isnt that fair and square?你們出錢，我們出人，這難道還不公平嗎？2) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 他的父親非常寬容。3) Her son

29、 was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish. 她的兒子非常聰明，可女兒卻很笨。8/13/20224) He suffered aches and pains. 他遭受百般疼痛。5) He is a man of culture and learning. 他是個(gè)很有學(xué)問的人。6) I hate all these hustle and bustle. 我討厭這種擁擠不堪的場(chǎng)面。 8/13/2022（一）把原文中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句（Simple sentence）譯成一個(gè)單句。 8/13/2022Poets as

30、we know have always made a great use of alliteration. They are persuaded that the repetition of a sound gives an effect of beauty.我們知道，詩(shī)人一般總喜歡押頭韻，覺得重復(fù)一個(gè)聲音會(huì)產(chǎn)生美的效果。 （原文兩句都比較短，且有相同的主語(yǔ)譯文合成一句，語(yǔ)氣較順。）8/13/2022 1）He was very clean. His mind was open.譯文：他為人單純而坦率。2）There are men here from all over the country

31、. Many of them are from the South.譯文：從全國(guó)各地來(lái)的人中有許多是南方人。3） His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea.譯文：他的父親在意大利北部近海的比薩開小鋪。8/13/20225) It was half past ten. Sarie watched the path anxiously.譯文：十點(diǎn)半鐘的時(shí)候，莎麗焦急地朝著小路張望。 6) That was long ago. A very

32、long time ago. Almost 30 years ago.譯文：那件事發(fā)生在很久很久以前，將近三十年了。 8/13/20227) He would miss many things and many people. He would miss Celia. 譯文：他會(huì)想念許許多多往事、許許多多朋友、也會(huì)想念他的西莉亞。 8）The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.這個(gè)年輕人真慘，已落到身無(wú)分文的地步，因?yàn)樗娜糠e蓄都被偷了。8/13/2

33、022（二）把原文中的主從復(fù)合句（Complex sentence）譯成一個(gè)單句。 1）When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.譯文：我在談判時(shí)總有些緊張。緊張時(shí)我就吃點(diǎn)東西。8/13/20222）When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.譯文：我們對(duì)中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國(guó)人民的贊揚(yáng)不僅僅是出于禮貌。3）Im blest if I know.譯文：我一點(diǎn)也不知道。 4) He stood on t

34、he curb till a car shot by.譯文：他站在路邊等車飛快地開過去。8/13/2022 5) While he washed, he heard the doorbell.譯文：他洗澡時(shí)聽到了門鈴聲。6) When I came to the summit, I became very excited.譯文：到達(dá)山頂時(shí)我非常興奮。7) If we do a thing, we should do it well.譯文：我們要干就要干好。8/13/2022（三）把原文中的并列復(fù)合句（Compound sentence）譯成一個(gè)單句。 1）From Florence the r

35、iver Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea.譯文：阿諾河從佛羅倫薩流經(jīng)比薩入海。 2）In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.譯文：1844年恩格斯與馬克思相遇并成了朋友。3）The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light.譯文：十點(diǎn)三十分的時(shí)候，街上來(lái)往的車輛稀少了。8/13/2022）It was 1953, and I had just come from Kilkelly, Ireland, to

36、seek my fortune. 譯文：一九五三年，我剛從愛爾蘭的克爾克勒來(lái)此找出路。）It was an LST, and it was already nearly loaded with trucks and armored cars.譯文：這是一艘?guī)缀跻蜒b滿了卡車和裝甲車的坦克登陸艇。）It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.譯文：八月中旬，修理人員在驕陽(yáng)下工作。8/13/2022Exercises 8/13/20221. Two or more simple sentenc

37、es into one1) Syme had vanished. A morning came. And he was missing from work. Syme失蹤了。第二天早晨也不見他來(lái)工作。2) Then he tried selling drink. But that was of no use.于是他又試圖賣酒，也無(wú)濟(jì)于事。8/13/20223) It was a hot day. The men in the office were working in their shirt-sleeves.天氣很熱，辦公室里的人只穿著襯衫。4) It was on the early mo

38、rning of April 2, 1971. The pilots were briefed in the ready room. 1971年4月2日清晨，飛機(jī)駕駛員都在待命室接受飛行任務(wù)。8/13/20222. Compound Sentence into One Simple Sentence1) It was a raw, slushy morning of a late February day, and the great war President was just through with his solemn pronunciamento in regard to the b

39、onds.二月末， 一個(gè)陰寒而冰雪融化的早晨，這位偉大的戰(zhàn)時(shí)總統(tǒng)剛剛對(duì)聯(lián)邦問題發(fā)表了莊嚴(yán)的聲明。8/13/20222) If you address the enquiries to an individual, your letter may have to wait while he is away. Or you make a mistake and address it to the wrong individual, and this will also mean delay.若把詢價(jià)寄送給個(gè)人，如該人不在公司，信就會(huì)耽擱，或者，你可能把詢價(jià)信寄錯(cuò)了人而勢(shì)必延誤。8/13/20223

40、) He had bought and sold shares for six months, but how could he succeed among experienced men?他干了半年股票買賣，怎么敵得過行家？8/13/20228/13/20223. Complex into Simple One1) It seemed to him that he was being very cool and logical and that she was putting him deliberately in the wrong.他覺得自己表現(xiàn)得極為冷靜，講道理，而她卻在存心找茬兒。2

41、) Nature can produce children enough to make good any extremity of slaughter of which we are capable.大自然都能降生足夠的嬰兒來(lái)彌補(bǔ)那些被殘殺的生靈。8/13/20223) However when he took up the brush he was a real master, and his pictures were eagerly sought after.可是他拿起畫筆是真正的大師。他的畫人們爭(zhēng)相購(gòu)買。4) In this much-travelled world, there a

42、re still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.旅游者的足跡遍及世界各地，但是，仍有許多地方是旅游者無(wú)法涉足的。8/13/20225) No one suspectec that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen.沒有人會(huì)疑心在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里還有一個(gè)他們從未見過的人。8/13/20227. Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.家，闊別了七年

43、的家，這個(gè)字對(duì)他多親切呀！8. While I came to the summit, I became very excited.到達(dá)山頂時(shí)我非常激動(dòng)。9. He is dead and gone. 他的確死了。8/13/202210. She shook and trembled with fear. 她不停的發(fā)抖。11. We must reach our goals and aims. 我們必須達(dá)到目的。12. The room is cozy and comfortable. 這個(gè)房間非常舒適。13. She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.她回家照料她病重的丈夫。8/13/202214. They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and fro there. 他們?cè)谌藖?lái)人往的候車室里坐下來(lái)看書。15. Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his determination