1、Australia英語國家概況英語國家概況 Chapter 17 Government and Society英語國家概況CONTENTIPeople IIEconomyIIIEducationIVGovernmentGovernmentIWhat is the Commonwealth of Australia composed of? Government system: reflects both the British and North American models of liberal democracy but with unique Australian characteri

2、stics.Three branches: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.Population: about 20 million in 2005Multicultural Society: Diversity of PopulationDiversity of LanguageDiversity of ReligionImmigration into AustraliaIIPeople 3.2 Natural Resources 3.1 General Review 3.3 Tourism 3.4 Plants and An

3、imalsIIIEconomyWestern-style capitalist economyGDP: foreign trade: best-performing industrymanufacturing:12.5%a major exporter: agricultural products (particularly wool, beef and mutton)minerals (such as iron-ore and gold) tourism (11%of total export earnings)3.1 General ReviewMinerals: had a tremen

4、dous impact on the countrys human history and patterns of settlementEnergy: the only net energy exporters in the five OECD membersAgriculture: one of the worlds largest producers of food, but the lowest percentage of cultivable areaFishery: contain a great variety of marine life3.2 Natural Resources

5、Coastal landscapeEnjoy the JourneyNatural wondersCity trip3.3 Tourism Sydney 3.3 Tourism City Trip Melbourne Cairns Darwin 3.3 TourismNatural Wonders The Great Barrier ReefUluru (Ayers Rock)The Golden CoastThe Sydney Opera House 3.3 TourismNatural Wonders Sydney Opera HouseThere are around 20,000 to

6、 25,000 different plants native to Australia.Unique animals: marsupials, monotremes, placental mammalsNational Flower: the Golden WattleNational Tree: Eucalypt Gum trees3.4 Plants and AnimalsIVEducation 4.2 Higher Education 4.3 Major Universities 4.1 Elementary and Secondary Education4.4 QuestionsCh

7、ildren between 2 and 6 can go to kindergarten.Most children start their primary school education at 5 and finish at 12.Children enter the secondary school system at 12 or 13.At the age of 17 or 18, they take state examinations for university entrance.4.1 Elementary and Secondary Education4.2 Higher

8、EducationUniversity: There are 36 universities in Australia, which have long enjoyed an international reputation for excellence in teaching and research.vocational training institutions: providing courses with a strong vocational focus such as travel, tourism, graphic design, etc.Adult and community

9、 educational institution: well-adapted to the needs of adult learners.established in 1850, the oldest university in Australiaranked the University fifth best in the world for the Arts and Humanitiesas a whole was ranked 37th in the world in 2008a member of the Group of EightFisher Library, the main

10、building of the University of Sydney Library.University of Sydney4.3 Major UniversitiesThe second oldest university in Australiahighly regarded in the fields of the engineering, arts, law, humanities, and biomedicineGrowing Esteem”a plan aiming to consolidate its three core activitiesResearch, Learn

11、ing and Knowledge transferUniversity of Melbourne4.3 Major UniversitiesEstablished in 1874, it is the third oldest university in Australia. five campuses throughout the metropolitan a rea, Its main campus is located on the cultural boulevard of North Terrace University of Adelaide4.3 Major Universit

12、iesQuestionsAustralia is considered one of the most interesting and alluring destination desirable to students who want to study abroad. What special factors have attributed to helping foreign students make their decision to study in this land?Tips: warm climate, high education standards, easygoing populationHow many areas is Australian educational system divided? In what way does the system differ from that of many ot